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Digital Kazakhstan
Main article: Digital Kazakhstan
Chronicle
2025: Code Approval
On November 12, 2025, the Mazhilis of Kazakhstan approved the Digital Code. The document forms a comprehensive legal basis for the digital transformation of the state and economy.
According to the Unified Platform of Internet Resources of State Bodies (EPIR GO), the Digital Code enshrines uniform principles for regulating the digital sphere and defines the types of digital objects: data, assets, software, systems and platforms. The code also creates the legal framework for digital governance, the development of "digital government" and national digital architecture.
In the field of new technologies, the document provides for the regulation of smart contracts (self-fulfilling digital contracts), distributed systems and automated solutions. Data protection and cybersecurity measures are fixed. The Law on Informatization will be transformed into the Law on Cybersecurity to improve the effectiveness of countering cybercrime.
As explained by the deputy of the Mazhilis Ekaterina Smyshlyaeva, the code covers basic human rights in the digital environment, such as the right to oblivion, access to information and confidentiality. According to her, the document introduces the category of digital confirmation - a simplified form of expression of will for actions with low legal significance.
A three-tier system for auditing digital systems is being introduced, including functional verification, cybersecurity audit and regulatory audit. The document also unifies the rules for experimental legal regimes, creating predictable conditions for innovation.
Ekaterina Smyshlyaeva added that the regulation applies to digital intermediaries: labor platforms, marketplaces, service aggregators and administrative digital services. Some norms are devoted to data exchange platforms, the Internet of Things and digital counterparts.[1][2]
2024: Project Presentation
On October 17, 2024, it became known that the Ministry of Digital Development, Innovation and Aerospace Industry of Kazakhstan presented a draft Digital Code - the first document of its kind in the world. The presentation took place in the majilis of the Parliament of Kazakhstan within the framework of the expert platform for discussion and joint work on the project.
Minister of Digital Development, Innovation and Aerospace Industry Zhaslan Madiev emphasized the uniqueness and timeliness of the development of the Digital Code. According to him, the document has no analogues in the world and is designed to regulate the sphere of digitalization in Kazakhstan.
The development of the code was initiated by deputies of parliament in accordance with the instructions of the head of state. The document lays down the basic principles of digitalization and digital transformation, which play a key role in all sectors of the country's economy.
Madiev noted that Kazakhstan occupies a leading position in digitalization among the CIS countries. In 2024, the country ranked 24th in the UN global "e-government" development index and 10th in the "Online Services Quality Index" among 193 countries.
In 2023, 50 million online services were provided in Kazakhstan, and 92% of these services are available to citizens from home. More than 80 government databases are integrated into a single data warehouse (Data Lake), allowing for proactive government services tailored to the needs of each citizen.
The minister stressed that digitalization has become a necessity caused by the modern realities of life. Kazakhstan actively shares its experience in this area at the international level, ensuring progressive development.
Other countries in the post-Soviet space are also working on similar documents. Kyrgyzstan is closest to the adoption of the digital code, where the project has already been approved in the first reading of parliament after four years of development. In Russia, public discussion of the concept of the project has not yet begun, and legislators plan to spend two to three years on its development.[3]
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