Palestine

Main article: Countries of the world

Israeli occupation

At the beginning of 2023, all of Palestine is divided into three zones. About 60% of the land is controlled by Israel, in another 24% of the territory it performs "security functions," and only 17% of the government is completely in the hands of the Palestinian National Authority. Under these conditions, Israeli security forces can conduct raids almost throughout the West Bank.

2024

Extreme cuts to food supplies

By October 2024, Gaza's aid and food supply had fallen to its lowest level since the war began. Hundreds of thousands of residents are starving.

Israel destroys 70% of buildings in Rafah

In August 2024, satellite images of the south of the Gaza Strip appeared, which clearly demonstrate the consequences of the "engineering work" of Israeli troops in the Philadelphia Corridor. In Rafah, at a distance of up to a kilometer from the border with Egypt, there are almost completely absent any structures - in fact, this is the very buffer zone that representatives of the AOI previously stated.

At the same time, the Israelis continue to conduct the so-called "terraforming of the area" in the rest of Rafah, undermining high-rise buildings where exits from underground tunnels could be located. As HAMAS a result, according to Palestinian estimates, less than 30% of undisturbed buildings remained in the once-developing city of the Gaza Strip.

The Israeli command intends to continue to hold the Philadelphia Corridor even if a ceasefire is concluded with Hamas. As Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said, it was the lack of control over the buffer zone between the enclave and Egypt that led to the events of October 7, 2023.

Israel uses Palestinians as human shields in mined tunnels

The Haaretz newspaper in August 2024 released an investigation according to which the AOI used the residents of the Gaza Strip as a "human shield" in conducting its operations in the enclave. The Israelis let them in front of them in potentially mined tunnels and buildings as "anthropomorphic mine trawls."

Mainly, the AOI used Palestinians accused of having links with militants, but sometimes attracted ordinary civilians, including the elderly and adolescents. They were dressed in Israeli military uniforms in order to "lure" Hamas fire, and also hung body cameras for remote surveillance. Read more here.

UN International Court of Justice finds Israeli settlements in West Bank and eastern Jerusalem illegal

In July 2024, the UN International Court of Justice issued an opinion according to which Israeli settlements in the West Bank and eastern Jerusalem are declared illegal, and their construction and expansion is a violation of international law.

According to the President of the Court, Nawaf Salam, Israel should stop the construction of settlements, the use of the resources of the region and discriminatory policies against Palestinians. Other countries are also obliged not to assist in maintaining Israel's presence in these territories.

The ultra-Orthodox government immediately reacted to this. Benjamin Netanyahu said "Jewish people are not occupiers on their land," justifying their actions with perceived support from ordinary citizens. And Ministers Bezalel Smotrich and Itamar Ben-Gwir declared the need to annex part of the Palestinian Authority.

Moreover, some members of the ruling cabinet decided to continue to go against the international community, only strengthening settlement policy in the West Bank.

In Israel, this territory is considered Jewish, calling it the term "Judea and Samaria." Shortly before that, a resolution was adopted at a meeting of the Knesset, which outlined the position of the government against the creation of the state of Palestine.

EU diplomacy chief Borrell slams' Israeli occupation authorities' for imposing punitive measures against Palestinian Authority

The head of EU diplomacy, Borrell , criticized the "Israeli occupation authorities" on May 27, 2024 for introducing punitive measures against the Palestinian Authority.

Borrell's home country, Spain, holds a leading position in the struggle to create a Palestinian state, which is not supported by most EU countries at this time.

The death toll of Palestinians exceeded 33 thousand people, wounded - 72 thousand

By March 12, 2024, the number of Palestinian deaths exceeded 33 thousand people, and the number of wounded - more than 72 thousand.

66 thousand tons of Israeli ammunition killed 26 thousand people

As of the end of January 2024, Israel has used 66 thousand tons of ammunition of various calibers since the beginning of the operation in the Gaza Strip.

About 26 thousand people died, about half of whom are children. That is, in order to kill one person, Israel spent almost 3 tons of ammunition, and if we consider that Hamas militants among all the dead are hardly more than 1 in 10, then the costs look sky-high. And this is all in a very small theater of operations, in conditions of complete superiority of the AOI over the enemy.

Giant 1m refugee camp north of Rafah

One of the consequences of the ground operation of the Israel Defense Forces in the Gaza Strip, in addition to numerous destruction, by the beginning of 2024 were the sprawling refugee camps. The largest is north of Rafah, where about a million civilians are huddled on a small patch of land trying to hide from the horrors of war.

Satellite images show that the campground was based on a desert area near farmland. At the same time, the number of its inhabitants continues to replenish: this is influenced by both the actions of the AOI in the south of the enclave, and the proximity to the border through which humanitarian convoys pass from time to time.

The Israeli government has already directly announced plans to establish control over the so-called. "Philadelphia Corridor" - the border between the Gaza Strip and Egypt with a length of 20 km.

Israeli bombs destroy archaeological heritage site - 13th century al-Basha Palace

In January 2024, it became known about the destruction by bombs of Israel in the Gaza Strip of the Palace of al-Basha, an archaeological heritage site during the reign of the Mamluk dynasty in the 13th century.

2023

Thousands of women and children killed by AI system solutions without people involved to strike Israel in Palestine

Main article: Lavender, Israel's military AI system

The number of victims of Israeli bombing reached 20 thousand people, of which thousands of children

Gaza's death toll topped 20,000 in December 2023.

Children in the Gaza Strip made up nearly 40% of minors killed in conflicts around the world in 2023, the UN said.

The war between Israel and Hamas brings violence to an "extreme level," said the head of the Guterres organization.

At the same time, the UN itself refused the call to stop hostilities.

The UN Security Council is voting on a condensed resolution in an attempt to win US support for more humanitarian aid. The truncated draft resolution calls for an increase in humanitarian aid, but does not contain a call for an end to hostilities, which was unacceptable for the United States.

The death toll in Gaza by the end of November 2023, according to the Ministry of Health, administered, HAMAS was about 15,500.

Earlier, the total number of victims in Palestine by October 22, 2023 since the beginning of the conflict increased to 4,651, including 1,873 children, 1,023 women and 187 elderly people, another 14,245 people received various injuries. According to the Ministry of Health, in the last 24 hours alone, 266 Palestinians, including 117 children, were killed as a result of Israeli shelling. As the ministry clarifies, these are mainly residents of the southern part of the Gaza Strip.

According to Israeli media on October 22, 16 children aged 4 to 17 were killed in Israel from Hamas attacks.

By the end of October, the number of victims in Gaza exceeded 8 thousand people. Everything that can be violated is the Declaration on the Protection of Human Rights, the Declaration on the Protection of Children's Rights, international pacts on the protection of human rights. Everything that humanity has done for its future.

The main devastation from Israel's strikes by the end of October was in northern Gaza.

The Palestinian HAMAS death toll in the Israel-Hamas war has reached 9,448 as of November 4, 2023, according to Gaza's health ministry, led by.

More than 1,400 people died in Israel, most of them as a result of the Hamas attack on October 7, with which the war began.

The number of wounded in Palestine exceeded 25 thousand people. According to the most conservative estimates, the number of temporarily displaced people is already over 1 million people. By this time, about 400 thousand residents remain in the Gaza Strip.

Israeli attempts to forcibly resettle 2.3 million Palestinians on Egypt's Sinai Peninsula

In October 2023, the Associated Press wrote that the Israeli government had prepared a plan to relocate 2.3 million residents of the Gaza Strip to the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.

Then the Financial Times reported that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu tried to convince European leaders to put pressure on Egypt to accept refugees there.

Soon after, the Israeli prime minister's office tried to soften the situation, calling the plan a "concept document" that means nothing.

However, the story has already provoked a reaction from Egyptian President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi, who said that his country is not going to accept Palestinian refugees, and the problem of their resettlement lies on the shoulders of Israel.

As the Egyptian channel @ TheMediterraneanMan noted, this is not the first time Israel has planned to forcibly relocate Palestinians to the Sinai Peninsula.

Back in 2010, Netanyahu, who was already in the post of prime minister, during a conversation with former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak proposed a similar scenario, which he was refused.

The current Egyptian President Al-Sisi and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas have repeatedly stated since 2013 that there will be no resettlement of Palestinians to the Sinai Peninsula, and they will live on their territory.

Netanyahu's plan to resettle Gaza residents, which has been in the works for more than a decade, would make life easier for ultra-Orthodox authorities in Israel, but would make the situation in the neighboring country much more complicated.

However, Egypt is not ready to make concessions and destabilize the already difficult domestic political situation, given that the Palestinians themselves reject such a scenario.

Israeli airstrike on hospital kills hundreds, including children

On October 17, 2023, it became known about an air strike by the Air Force Israel on a Christian Baptist hospital in the Gaza Strip. According to the Gaza Ministry of Health, at least 800 people were killed, including many children. In addition to patients, refugees were accommodated in the facility.

Journalists from the Palestinian TV channel Al-Yum say that before the attack, the AOI warned local residents to hide in this hospital.

The Israeli Air Force strike on the Baptist hospital in Gaza was expected to cause a violent reaction in the world:

• and Russia UAE requested an urgent Security Council meeting for the morning of October 18 UN in connection with the strike on the hospital in Gaza.

• The Foreign Ministry Egypt blamed the Israeli Army for the incident and condemned its actions. The country's position was joined Jordan by and, Qatar as well as the League of Arab States.

• Turkish President Recep Erdogan called on the world community to take measures to stop the massacre in Gaza.

• Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau called the airstrike "terrible and unacceptable."

The head of the international organization MedGlobal, Sacher Sahlul, called the event "the worst attack on a medical facility in the 21st century and a war crime."

The Israelis themselves deny everything: the AOI claims that what happened is a consequence of the unsuccessful launch of the Hamas rocket. At the same time, local resources talk about "self-fire," the detonation of ammunition allegedly stored in the warehouse building and other incredible versions.

Hundreds of people die from the bombing of Israeli aircraft. Among them are 700 children

In October 2023, after the outbreak of war, which Hamas declared to Israel, Israeli aircraft attacked Gaza. Palestinians living in the poor coastal strip have done what they have done many times over the past decade: flee inland and seek refuge in schools, homes and mosques.

Israeli aerial bombing killed hundreds of people and leveled Palestinian areas.

Drone footage shows the extent of destruction in Gaza after Israel launched the most brutal airstrikes in the 75-year history of the conflict with the Palestinians into the enclave.

The 2.3 million Gazans crammed into a narrow strip of land just 25 miles long have endured four wars and chronic deprivation in the past 14 years, but are now bracing for their fiercest attack yet.

In response to each "unannounced strike" and bombed house by Israel, Hamas will execute one civilian prisoner, Abu Ubeida, a spokesman for the group's military wing, told Al Hadath television.

The Israeli military has decided to strike the Gaza Strip even in cases where it would potentially pose a threat to the hostages held there, The Times of Israel wrote, citing high-ranking sources in Israel.

It is noted that in cases where there will be verified information that hostages are definitely in a building in Gaza, then in such cases Israeli military strikes will not be delivered.

According to UNICEF, as of October 15, at least 2,215 Palestinians (including 700 children) were killed in the last week during the Palestinian-Israeli conflict in territories controlled by Hamas, 8,744 people were injured.

European Commission suspends financial support for Palestinian structures

The European Commission suspends financial support for Palestinian structures and begins to revise a number of projects amid the aggravation of the conflict between Israel and Hamas, said Oliver Varheli, European Commissioner for Enlargement and Good Neighborhood Policy, in October 2023.

UN: Israel's disproportionate strikes on Gaza over two years is a war crime

Disproportionate strikes Israel on Gaza from May 2021 to August 2023 constitute a war crime, and the ban on the importation of humanitarian aid into Gaza violates international law, the commission said UN in October 2023.

Conflict over Israeli raids on Al-Aqsa Mosque on Temple Mount

Clashes between Israelis and Palestinians take place almost annually amid the Muslim holy holiday of Ramadan and the Jewish celebration of Passover. And 2023 was no exception.

On the night of April 4-5, Israeli security forces stormed the Al-Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount, where Palestinians barricaded themselves, trying to stay there for a night prayer.

Under earlier agreements with the Jordanian-administered Jerusalem Waqf, which controls Al-Aqsa, the mosque was due to be closed to the public overnight in 2023. However, Muslims were provoked by the actions of individual Jewish fanatics who announced their intention to sacrifice on the Temple Mount, which is generally prohibited by the tenets of Judaism. One way or another, several hundred believers were detained in Al-Aqsa using special means, 50 people were injured.

That same night, Palestinian groups from the Gaza Strip fired at the south of Israel - most of the missiles were intercepted by the Iron Dome air defense system, but several shells hit Sderot. The Israeli Air Force has traditionally responded with attacks on Gaza and Hamas facilities in the sector.

After the incident, representatives of Palestine announced plans to contact the UN. The victims were supported by the Arab states and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.

At night, the assault on Al-Aqsa was repeated again - the Israelis broke into the religious building and drove the Muslims out of there.

The next day, Palestinian groups from Lebanon fired 34 rockets at Israeli cities, a small part of which hit civilian targets in the city of Shlomi.

After assessing the situation and a meeting of the Israeli military-political cabinet, the Israeli Air Force attacked the previously identified positions of Palestinians in southern Lebanon.

Lebanon announced plans to file a complaint with the UN Security Council. At the same time, representatives of the UNIFIL international peacekeeping mission in the demarcation zone between Lebanon and Israel said that they were in contact with the parties to the conflict and they did not seek escalation.

It is noteworthy that the Lebanese Hezbollah did not take responsibility for what was happening, but Israel believes that without the knowledge of the organization, the attack would not have happened.

In parallel, Arab riots and terrorist attacks began in Israel and the West Bank. At Hamr junction, three Israelis were shot by Palestinians. In Tel Aviv, a car driven by an Arab was hit by seven people, one of them died.

On Sunday, Muslims barricaded themselves again in Al-Aqsa, but this time Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu ordered security officials to stop the raids on the Temple Mount, which was supported by part of the government ministers and Israeli Chief Rabbi Yitzhak Yosef.

At the same time, this caused discontent on the far right - the ultra-right Minister of National Security Itamar bin Gwir called the decision a mistake and organized a march of thousands of Israelis in the West Bank of the Jordan to show that "the people of Israel will not leave this land."

Israel's new illegal settlements in the Palestinian West Bank

In early 2023, the Israeli government, led by Netanyahu, decided to officially legalize 9 Jewish outposts within the administrative borders of Palestine on the west bank of the Jordan as settlements.

Such measures have not been taken since 2012, and none of the key countries on the planet officially recognizes Israeli expansion in the territory of the Palestinian National Authority.

However, despite the declared disapproval, no state actually opposes violations of the agreements between Palestine and Israel.

2022: More than 150 Palestinians and 20 Israelis killed in clashes

In 2022, more than 150 Palestinians and 20 Israelis were killed in clashes, attacks on terrorist attacks, according to the UN.

2014: Israeli invasion of Gaza: Deaths of more than 2,000 Palestinians and dozens of Israelis

Israel's major invasion of Gaza was in 2014. It lasted seven weeks and led to the death of more than 2 thousand Palestinians and dozens of Israelis.

Foreign policy

HAMAS

Main article: Hamas

2024: Armenia, Ireland, Norway, Spain, Slovenia officially recognize Palestine as an independent state

In May 2024, during Israel's punitive operation in Palestine, Ireland, Norway, Spain and Slovenia officially recognized Palestine as an independent state.

In June 2024, Armenia officially recognized the state of Palestine, the country's Foreign Ministry said on June 21, 2024.

2022: Which countries recognized Palestine. Card

Economy

Financial system

2021: Exploring the possibility of issuing a digital currency

In June 2021, the Palestinian Monetary Authority is exploring the possibility of issuing a digital currency (see CBDC), which will allow it to deal at least a symbolic blow to monetary dependence on Israel.

Under an agreement with Israel reached in the 1990s, the Palestinians agreed not to immediately create their own currency, and their economy mainly uses Israeli shekel, as well as the Jordanian dinar and the US dollar.

Two studies on cryptocurrencies are underway and a decision has yet to be made, but the hope is that eventually the digital currency will be used "for payment systems in our country and hopefully with Israel and other countries for real payments," said the head of the Palestinian Monetary Authority, Feras Milhem.

Power

2023: One power plant operates in Gaza, fuel sponsored by Qatar

For 2023, Gaza has two sources of electricity: 120 megawatts (MW) are purchased from Israel and supplied to the sector directly through power lines. Until recently, another 65-75 MW was generated by three turbines from Gaza's only power plant. The fuel needed to operate the power plant is funded by Qatar, purchased from Israel and delivered to Gaza through the Kerem Shalom crossing.

On July 31, the Palestinian power and Natural Resources Authority announced that Qatar would fund the costs of operating the fourth turbine of the power plant in August. The fourth turbine was damaged in 2004-2006, when the Israeli Air Force bombed the power plant. The funds allocated by the government will ensure the operation of the fourth turbine, increasing the total capacity of the power plant to about 95 MW. This will still not be enough to meet the basic needs of Palestinians in the Gaza Strip, where real demand exceeds 500 MW.

Education

2019: Number of years of education by citizens over 25

History

1931

129 BC: In the Seleucid state

650 BC.

1404 BC: Amarna Archive - diplomatic correspondence with Egypt

The Amarna Archive is a collection of correspondence on clay tablets, mainly diplomatic, between the government of Ancient Egypt and its representatives in the Eastern Mediterranean (Canaan and Amurru), as well as the kings of other powerful powers of the region (Babylonia, Hatti, Mitanni, Assyria).