Lviv Nikolay Aleksandrovich

Lviv Nikolay Aleksandrovich

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lvov (1753-1803) - architect of noble estates, park "ruins," cascades and water passes, churches, palaces and city houses of the Russian nobility.

The closest friend of Nikolay Lvova, G. R. Derzhavin (Lvov and Derzhavin<во втором браке> were married to the sisters of the Dyakov maidens) rightfully called him "Russian Leonardo" - so wide, so impressive was the scope of the creative achievements of N.A. Lvova. He distinguished himself as an architect, artist, poet, diplomat, mechanic, musician, sculptor, hydraulic engineer, geologist and editor. Nikolai Lvov himself modestly called himself a "lover of muses."

Biography

Lviv is of Tverich origin, (born in the estate of Nikolskoye-Cherenchitsy, Novotorzhsky district, Tver province). Here, on the Tver land and neighboring Pskov region, his relatives and acquaintances lived, with whom he equipped the estates.

Architectural heritage

It is known that Nikolai Lvov designed and, with very few exceptions, built more than thirty buildings for various purposes. All the buildings that have come down to us are valued as wonderful architectural monuments of classicism. Much of the created by Lvov sank into oblivion: Moscow houses were licked by the fire of 1812, others underwent a later restructuring, rural estates were destroyed or burned down in the summer, parks died, their layout is indistinguishable in the thickets of the forest.

Own estate in the Tver province

The manor house of Nikolay Lvova himself was built in Nikolsky-Cherenchitsy.

"There was an unremarkable area near the village: at the edge of the swampy lowland there was a wooden house, a pond and an old garden nearby, around a ravine and hills. All these "inconveniences" were the basis for the free, picturesque layout of the park. " Lviv drained, drained the swamp and turned Nikolskoye into a picturesque manor ensemble with a huge economic complex: a cattle yard, rigis, a granary, a windmill, a stable, a cellar, and a forge. A very professional hydraulic system was developed, which included: five artificial ponds, dams, drainage network, wooden underground water supply, several wells on natural keys.... "Meadows, gardens, ponds and groves." (G. Derzhavin)

In the center of the estate, on a hillock, he put a three-story house with a belvedere. The lower floor was finished with rustication, and the second and third were decorated with a four-column ionic portico. Later, it was decided to attach two outbuildings to the central volume, but, apparently, only the left was added, and only the foundation was laid on the right...

The manor house of Lviv in Nikolsky (its central part and the western outbuilding) for 2023 is in an abandoned state: bare walls with empty window openings...

The temple where N.A. Lvov himself was buried survived and restored outside.

In Lviv, descendants live in Moscow, who make great efforts to preserve the memory of their great ancestor. In 2023, the manor church (in the form of a rotunda) and the remains of the manor house are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List as part of the group nomination "Historical Center of Torzhok and Manor Architecture of Nikolai Lvov."

Visitors indicate such an accessible path: "By car from Torzhok: in the city from the street. Civil you need to turn to Ostashkovskaya, leave the city, and head past the cemetery church along a narrow asphalt road laid through pristine dense forests. There were no signs, they drove at random, occasionally asking passers-by for directions. After the bridge, they turned onto a dirt dusty road and, having traveled about 10 km, finally ended up in Cherenchitsy. "

Priory building for Paul I in Gatchina

"Paul I loved the Gatchina Manor, his residence, and Lviv also loved Gatchina... When the emperor became Grandmaster of the Order of Malta, he said:

• Lviv! Build a priory building for me in Gatchina, where I could play the role of Maltese prior with dignity. I do not need marble - this is usually, build, as you can, an earthmoving structure. And choose the place for the priory yourself "(Valentin Pikul. "Leisure of a lover of muses").

And the sought-after Priory Palace for Knights of the Order of Malta was erected in Gatchina in one summer in 1798! Erected from nothing - from the muddy mud of Black Lake, the shore of which was chosen for construction.

"The whole structure is of clean land, without any impurity and without any other connection, except for floors and ceilings, in a special way arranged for this... The main building, above the stone foundation, was built all of the land filled with portable machines, neither inside nor outside (except for windows) plastered, but overstuffed only on the ground with turpentine water "(Nikolai Lvov).

The Priory in Gatchina is the only building in Russia built using excavation technology. During World War II, the building did not crack anywhere, did not give precipitation in the foundation.

The estate of General-General F.I. Glebov-Streshnev "Znamenskoye - Rayok"

3 km from the Moscow-St. Petersburg highway, in the thickets of oak forests and empty fields, the former estate of General-General F.I. Glebov-Streshnev "Znamenskoye - Rayok" is buried - an outstanding monument of classicism, a masterpiece of architectural creativity of N.A. Lvova.

A two-story, belvedere, manor house built into a white antique colonnade with galleries, and this endless colonnade symmetrically surrounds the entire manor courtyard with a flower stalls (in the past), part of the park, forming a closed and simultaneously open space for sight and festivities...

The colonnade, experts write, symbolized the necklace that the customer Fyodor Glebov-Streshnev presented to his beloved. And the metal gate in the front arch of the colonnade is a clasp of this decoration... just!

Holy Trinity Church "Kulich and Easter"

Church of the Holy Trinity "Kulich and Easter," 1790 (St. Petersburg, pr. Obukhov Defense, 235). The church itself, imitating the cake, is a rotunda with a colonnade of 16 columns of an Ionic order supporting the entablature. Crowned with a low dome without a bribe drum.

The outer walls are painted yellow-brownish "Petersburg," the dome is green.

The atypical geometry for the Orthodox church-rotunda and bell tower-pyramid rightly evokes associations with Masonic symbolism. The customer of the construction was the Catherine nobleman, Prosecutor General Prince Alexander Alekseevich Vyazemsky (1727-1793). The church became the decoration of the country estate of A. A. Vyazemsky in the village of Aleksandrovsky, then located here, the dowry of the wife of Prince Elena Petrovna Trubetskoy.

However, famous historians of Freemasonry Oleg Platonov and A.I. Serkov do not indicate Alexander Alekseevich Vyazemsky in the lists of Freemasons. Other princes of the Vyazemsky family appear among the Masons, in particular, Andrei Ivanovich (1754-1807) and his son Pyotr Andreevich (1792-1878), poet, friend of Pushkin.

Perhaps not Masonic symbolism moved Lviv during the construction of this original church, but love for Attica and Ancient Rome. The bell tower reproduces the pyramid of Cestius in Rome. Based on the model of the Cestia pyramid in Tsarskoye Selo Park, designed by architect Charles Cameron in 1782-1783. a small pyramid was built of brick and faced with granite, which served as a tombstone of Empress Catherine II (Tom Anderson, Zemira and Duches).

The bell tower was apparently created under the impression of the trip of the architect Lvova to Italy in 1781. Similarly, the round church in plan is associated with the round churches of Vesta in Rome and in Tivoli, which were studied and sketched by the architect Lviv. This architectural ideal construction as an Orthodox church Lviv in his life used several times, including in his family estate Nikolsky.

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