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| Last Release Date: | 2015/03/27 |
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2015: There was a version of Dart 1.9
On March 27, 2015 it became known of the presentation of Google company - release[1].
Dart moves as language of the structured programming for a web, it has the syntax similar to Java, he does not demand explicit definition of types and can be used for creation of server and client applications. For start in the browser the code in the Dart language is compiled in JavaScript representation, for accomplishment of server applications the special Dart VM virtual machine develops. The code of the components connected with language is distributed under the license BSD.
For simplification of development is delivered SDK as a part of which:
- the compiler in JavaScript is dart2js,
- Dart VM virtual machine,
- package manager of pub,
- static code analyzer of dart_analyzer,
- set of libraries,
- Dart Editor integrated development environment
- plug-ins with support of Dart for:
- IntelliJ IDEA,
- WebStorm,
- Eclipse,
- Emacs,
- Sublime Text 2
- Vim.
Dartium - special assembly of the Chromium browser with the integrated Dart VM virtual machine is provided for accomplishment and debugging of applications in the Dart language, without compilation in JavaScript. Additional packets with libraries and utilities extend through a repository of pub which contains 1565 packets, including frameworks for development of web applications of AngularDart and polymer.dart.
The new release is remarkable providing convenient means for asynchronous programming which is applicable for any areas, including the organization of user interaction, network transactions and a file input/output. For the organization of accomplishment of the code in an asynchronous mode the new async methods and expressions of "await" which are implemented over Future API are provided. Difficult asynchronous interactions can be implemented using usual acceptances of flow control of accomplishment on the basis of cycles (for/while), conditional statements and exceptions (TRY/catch).
Example of a language syntax of Dart, 2015
- Also sync asynchronous generators * are provided synchronous and to async * by means of which generation of the sequences without the need for creation of iterators and without manual control by creation of a flow can become simpler.
- Full implementation of the listed types (enum). The developer is given an opportunity of determination of the special classes representing the predetermined set of fixed values;
- The static Dart Analyzer analyzer is transformed to the Dart Analysis Server server that gives the chance to simplify integration of means for the analysis of the code in the Dart language in third-party integrated development environments, such as IntelliJ and Sublime;
- In Dart VM sale of the engine of work with regular expressions is updated. The new engine in some situations works up to 150 times quicker, than used earlier.
- In Dart VM API Isolate is completely implemented that simplifies creating applications, at accomplishment scaled on several CPU.
2013
Google released the first stable release of the Dart programming language designed to replace JavaScript in November, 2013, having offered higher performance and efficiency of programming. The modern language is completely ready to development of real applications, the head of the project Lars Bak said.
The packet of Dart SDK 1.0 includes all necessary tools for creation of both the simplest scripts, and full web applications.
Enters a packet undemanding to resources and at the same time the powerful Dart Editor development environment among which opportunities - autoend of the code, refactoring, transition to determinations, debugging and the system of hints and warnings.
The custom version of the Chromium browser with the Dart VM virtual machine which also enters a packet along with other tools, allows to start the native code. Besides, debugging of the code is performed directly in Dart Editor, i.e. the programmer can instantly see result of the work.
For start of the code written on Dart in modern browsers the compiler Dart is provided in JavaScript - dart2js. The compiled applets and applications can be started in Internet Explorer 9 and 10, the latest version of Firefox, the latest version of Chrome and Safari 6.
Any of modern browsers does not support the native Dart code yet. In future Google is going to add this feature in Chrome.
2011
The Google company works on creation of alternative JavaScript of a programming language for a web. The modern language is presented in the alpha and Dart is called.
Google issued the preview version of a modern language of web programming under the name Dart which, as envisioned by engineers of the company, should press JavaScript from the leader's positions in this area.
According to Lars Buck (Lars Bak), the lead engineer of development team of Dart, the ultimate goal of Google consists in creating "structured, but at the same time flexible programming language for a web".
Though Buck did not call JavaScript by the main competitor of a modern language, internal correspondence of engineers of Google in which they actively criticize JavaScript got to open access and write that "its fundamental shortcomings cannot be corrected by normal evolutionary development".
Dart is intended for creation of web applications and is an object-oriented language, at the same time it is intended both for fast compilation of small projects, and for creation of large-scale software. Language contains an opportunity to add variables without reference to a certain data type, it is called dynamic typification, also static typification is supported, on the contrary. So based on language it is possible to create projects of any size, selecting the necessary type of typification.
The alpha of language includes the compiler and the virtual machine and also a set of basic libraries. In order that the applications created in Dart worked in browsers, programmers can compile them in JavaScript using special tools of Dart.
Finally Google calculates that all browsers will have the virtual machine on which it will be possible to start applications of Dart. So far even own browser of Google does not support this language. "We are only going to implement such option", - Buck writes.
Of course, that Dart could take the place of JavaScript, Google should do a great job. According to the monthly rating of programming languages from Tiobe Software JavaScript takes the 10th place in popularity in the world.
For the first time JavaScript was provided to Netscape in 1995 as language for creation of program scripts for a web of browsers. In 1996 the company provided it ECMA International as the standard, as a result there was a standardized version of ECMAScrip. Adobe also based on ECMAScript uses the version of ActionScript for development of Flash of a player.
Dart not the first attempt of Google in creation of perfect language a programming web. In 2009 the company provided Go which is positioned as an alternative of C ++, to Java and other traditional languages. More information on Dart will appear at the GoTo conference which will take place this week in Denmark.
The Google Dart language created as JavaScript alternative, for the first time was included in the fall of 2012 in the monthly list of 50 most popular programming languages published by Tiobe company. Google offered Dart at the end of 2011 as the language for web development deprived of shortcomings of JavaScript which are connected, in particular, with inconvenience of structuring programs when their sizes are beyond simple web applications. In October release of Tiobe Programming Community Index the Dart language took the 43rd place with popularity rating of 0.189%.
At the beginning of 2012 the representative of Mozilla corporation said that it is not going to provide support of Dart in Firefox, and Microsoft which does not support this language in IE too presented own solution of the problem of shortcomings of JavaScript — TypeScript superstructure.
The upper place of the Tiobe index this month was taken by Si with the rating of 19.822% which follow Java (17.193%), Objective-C (9.477%), C ++ (9.260%) and C# (6.530%). The rating is calculated using search systems by the analysis of references of languages.
Programming languages
Notes
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