GLONASS-M

Main article: Space satellites of countries of the world

Glonass-M (ROC name: Uragan-M) is a series of spacecraft of the Russian global navigation system GLONASS of the 2nd generation, developed and produced by OJSC ISS named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev. From satellites of the Glonass series (1st generation) they differ in the warranty period of active existence (7 years) and the use of imported (French) components. These satellites emit, unlike the previous generation of devices, already 2 signals for civilian consumers, which makes it possible to significantly increase the accuracy of location. The ^[1]

Tactical and technical data

• weight - 1415 kg,
• guaranteed active life - 7 years,
• withdrawn by Proton-K and Proton-M launch vehicles from the Baikonur cosmodrome,
• features - 2 signals for civil consumers,
• compared to Glonass satellites, the accuracy of determining the location of objects has been increased by 2.5 times^[2],
• power SEP - 1400^[3],
• the beginning of flight tests - December 10, 2003.

Starts

Started

• in 2003 - 1 satellite (December 10 - No. 701 and 2 Glonass satellites)
• in 2004 - 1 satellite (December 26 - No. 712 and 2 Glonass satellites)
• in 2005 - 2 satellites (December 25 - No. 713 and No. 714 and 1 Glonass satellite)
• in 2006 - 3 satellites (December 25 - No. 715, 716, 717)
• in 2007 - 6 satellites (October 26 - No. 718, 719, 720 and December 25 - No. 721, 722, 723)
• in 2008 - 6 satellites (September 25 and December 25)
• in 2009 - 3 satellites (December 14)
• in 2010 - 3 satellites (March 2)
• in 2010 - 3 satellites (September 2)

Planned

• in 2010 - 3 satellites
• in 2011 - 5 satellites

2022: Satellite Launch

On November 28, 2022, the last Glonass-M satellite was launched. He was assigned 761 number (16th working point). The navigation apparatus was launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome, the Information and Analytical Center for Coordinate and Temporary Support reported.

As it clarifies TASS with reference to a source in the rocket and space industry, the orbit was launched by the only Glonass-M series remaining in the ground reserve. Now only new generation devices will be launched into space.

Last Glonass-M satellite launched

On November 10, 2022 GLONASS , the Glonass-M satellite No. 735 (22nd working point) was removed from the orbital group. By the end of November 2022, the orbital group includes 26 vehicles, 22 of them are used for their intended purpose, two are at the stage of entry into the system, one is in reserve, and another is at the stage of flight tests.

The Soyuz-2.1b Raketa carrier launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome at 18:17 Moscow time on November 28, 2022. The spacecraft at the estimated time was launched into the target orbit by the upper stage Frigate"." It was reported that the satellite was assigned the serial number "Cosmos-2564." Stable telemetry communication is established and maintained with it.

Glonass-M is a series of spacecraft of the Russian global navigation system GLONASS of the 2nd generation, developed and produced by the ISS named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev. From satellites of the Glonass series (1st generation) they differ in a guaranteed period of active existence (7 years). These satellites emit, unlike the previous generation, already 2 signals for civilian consumers, which makes it possible to significantly increase the accuracy of the location.

The satellites of the Glonass-M series will be replaced by the next generation devices - Glonass-K and Glonass-K2. The last Glonass-M satellite became the ninth in the ground reserve of the GLONASS system.^[5]

2020: Installation of a cryptographic protection tool developed by Rostec

Concern "Automation" of the State Corporation Rostec has created a data protection device for the third navigation satellite of the latest generation "Glonass-K." Rostec announced this on November 13, 2020.

The Rostec cryptographic protection tool was also installed on the Glonass-M spacecraft, which launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome in March 2020. Read more here.

2016: Installation of on-board radio engineering systems from RKS

The Glonass-M spacecraft, launched in February 216, installed on-board radio engineering systems developed by Russian Space Systems JSC (RKS, part of the ROSCOSMOS State Corporation). The onboard source of the navigation signal, the equipment of inter-satellite measurements, the information and navigation complex, the equipment of the command and measurement system successfully function.

The onboard equipment of the command and measuring system (BA KIS), created in the "Russian Space Systems" for the Glonass-M satellites, provides individual control of each of the devices throughout its active existence through communication sessions with ground-based radio engineering systems, which are also developed in RKS.

Nikolai BULGAKOV, Head of the Russian Space Systems Department for the Creation of Onboard CIS of Automatic and Manned Spacecraft: "BA CIS has undergone three stages of modifications characterized by the transition from individual devices that make up the complex to highly integrated, low-weight, energy consumption, designed for an active life of 10 years or more."

The onboard navigation signal source (INS), developed in the RKS and part of the target equipment of the Glonass-M satellites, is designed to create a global navigation field in near-earth space and transmit messages in two frequency bands. Since August 2014, spacecraft have been introduced into the space group, in which the INS equipment forms and emits another navigation signal in the third range. The increase in the number of radiated signals allowed to expand the range of users and create additional advantages, in particular, for aviation navigation.

On-board equipment for inter-satellite measurements (BAMI) organizes radio links for information exchange and measurement of parameters of relative motion of spacecraft. This makes it possible to ensure the autonomy of the functioning of the space satellite group, to increase the accuracy of ephemeris and frequency-time support of the system, prompt delivery of information from all navigation spacecraft. Command-program information is transmitted by means of BAMI and telemetric information is received, operational monitoring of space system integrity is carried out to provide users with information on reliability of navigation definitions, load on computing facilities of ground control system is reduced.

The launch of the next Glonass-M brought the number of Russian navigation satellite constellation to 28 spacecraft operating in medium-altitude circular orbits in three planes.

The update of the orbital grouping of the GLONASS system is going according to plan. Spacecraft launches are carried out as needed to ensure the standard state of the group - 24 vehicles. As of February 2016, there are 4 vehicles in the orbital reserve, and 8 spacecraft ready for launch in the ground reserve Grigory STUPAK, First Deputy General Designer of Russian Space Systems

Glonass-M spacecraft form the basis of the Russian orbital navigation group. The devices of the new generation "Glonass-K" pass the stage of flight tests and are the third generation of satellites of this series after the "Glonass" of the first generation and "Glonass-M" of the second. The new Glonass-K differs from the satellites of the previous series by a warranty period of active existence of 10 years, a large number and level of emitted signals.

Accidents and incidents

• In the Ulyanovsk region, a train carrying the Proton-M launch vehicle was involved in an accident. The transported rocket was intended for the launch of three Glonass-M navigation satellites from Baikonur on September 2, 2010.

Notes

Links

• The status of the grouping at the moment and other detailed information about GLONASS