GLONASS

History of the development of the system

2024: Russian President Vladimir Putin orders to open access to GLONASS to Uzbekistan

On September 19, 2024, the president Russia Vladimir Putin ordered to open To Uzbekistan access to the Russian GLONASS satellite navigation system. We are talking, in particular, about signals of high accuracy.

To accept the proposal of the Government of the Russian Federation on negotiations on the conclusion of an agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan on providing the Republic of Uzbekistan with access to the high accuracy signal of the Russian global navigation satellite system GLONASS, the order says.

Vladimir Putin

The Republic of Uzbekistan is provided with access to high-accuracy GLONASS signals through the supply of consumer navigation equipment within the framework of military-technical cooperation. It can be installed and used on weapons, military equipment and any other equipment available to Uzbekistan, including those supplied from the Russian Federation. At the same time, the Russian side does not transmit to Uzbekistan information on the structure of high-accuracy signals, methods of encoding it, as well as other information necessary for the development, creation and production of relevant equipment.

As part of the agreement, the Uzbek side undertakes a number of obligations:

• Use the received equipment and operational and technical documentation to it only for the stated purposes;
• Do not re-export or transfer to third parties the received products and operating and technical documentation without the prior written consent of the Russian party;
• Do not disassemble the received equipment for the purpose of its reproduction;
• Enable the Russian side to control the use of the received equipment for the stated purposes;
• Upon request, ensure the return to the territory of the Russian Federation or to another place agreed by the Russian side of the supplied equipment, in respect of which the facts of its use for purposes other than those stated have been established.^[1]

2022

Russia agreed with Venezuela on the location of the GLONASS ground station there

In December 2022, Russia and Venezuela signed an agreement on the deployment of the GLONASS measuring station in the South American country. The construction of the satellite system facility will be carried out by a subsidiary of Roscosmos.

The document was signed by Yury Roy, general director of Scientific and Production Corporation Precision Instrumentation Systems JSC, and Adolfo Jose Goda Pernia, head of the Bolivarian Agency for Space Activities.

According to RIA Novosti, the government delegations of the two countries also signed agreements on cooperation in the field of maritime transport, information technology, health care and customs regulation.

The presence of a GLONASS ground station in Venezuela will allow users in this country to use the Russian satellite navigation system, said Deputy Prime Minister RFAlexander Novak. The station is also needed to correct data transmitted by satellites.

Earlier, Roscosmos agreed to deploy a random measuring station of the GLONASS system in Venezuela. The development is designed to provide high-precision navigation for the end user using Precision Point Positioning technologies.

Request-free stations monitor the open signals of spacecraft of the GLONASS, GPS, Galileo and Beidou global navigation satellite systems so that measurements of current navigation parameters (code pseudo-ranges, carrier signal phases), receiving navigation messages from satellites and transmitting measurement results and navigation data to the processing center are timely (in real time).

Earlier it was reported that Roscosmos is negotiating the deployment of GLONASS stations in Argentina. In addition, in South America, stations can be located in Brazil, Venezuela and Paraguay.^[2]

Rostec has developed ground stations to improve GLONASS accuracy

On October 13, 2022, Rostec announced the development of stations to improve the accuracy of GLONASS. The implementation of the project as part of the state corporation is carried out by NPP Radio Communications of the Roselectronics holding. Read more here.

Russia and China signed contracts for the placement of GLONASS and Beidou systems stations

At the end of September 2022, Russia and China signed contracts for the mutual placement of the stations of the GLONASS and Beidou navigation systems. It is assumed that Russian equipment will be located in the cities of Changchun, Urumqi and Shanghai, and Chinese - in Obninsk, Irkutsk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The deadlines for the completion of construction are not called. Read more here.

Launch of the Glonass-K satellite

On July 7, 2022, the Glonass-K satellite was successfully launched, which will help increase the accuracy of GLONASS navigation. The spacecraft was taken under the control of ground systems of the G. S. Titov Main Test Space Center of the Space Forces of the Aerospace Forces.

The satellite was launched using the Soyuz-2.1b launch vehicle from the Plesetsk cosmodrome in the Arkhangelsk region at 12:18 Moscow time on July 7, 2022. It is noted that all pre-launch operations and the launch of the rocket took place as usual. Monitoring of the launch and flight of the rocket was carried out by means of a ground-based automated spacecraft control complex of the Russian orbital group.

Glonass-K is the third generation of domestic spacecraft for navigation (the first generation is Glonass, the second is Glonass-M). From the Glonass-M satellites, such devices differ in improved technical characteristics, including increased location accuracy (up to tens of centimeters).

Unlike its predecessors, Glonass-K carries two types of navigation signals - frequency and code division. In addition to their main functions, they will transmit information from the international search and rescue system in distress COSPAS-SARSAT.

By July 8, 2022, the orbital grouping of the Russian global navigation satellite system GLONASS includes 28 spacecraft (25 Issov-M and three Issa-K), of which 24 work for their intended purpose, one is on flight tests, one is on maintenance, one is in reserve and one is at the commissioning stage. For global coverage of the Earth with navigation signals, the system needs 24 operating satellites.

As noted by the manufacturer Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems (enterprise Roskosmos""), the third Glonass-K is made taking into account the flight tests of the first two devices and in comparison with them "the share of domestic components has been increased."^[3]

Roscosmos proposes to completely replace GPS in Russia with GLONASS

On April 22, 2022 Roskosmos , he will also send Ministry of Transport of Russia Rosaviatsia proposals for GPS transport replacing GLONASS equipment at all domestic facilities. First of all, this applies to aircraft, which are also planned to be connected the Chinese to the navigation system. " Beidow More. here

2021

Russia and China agree on the integration of GLONASS and Beidou satellite systems

In early October 2021, Russia and China agreed to integrate GLONASS and Beidou satellite systems. The corresponding roadmap for 2021-2025. approved by Roscosmos and the Commission on the Chinese satellite navigation system.

The document includes plans for the integrated and innovative development of GLONASS and Beidou systems, increasing their compatibility and complementarity, and mutual placement of ground measuring stations in China and Russia.

As specified in Roskosmos, the roadmap contains plans for monitoring and assessing the characteristics of global navigation satellite systems, as well as for the joint use of navigation technologies in the interests of the socio-economic development of Russia and China.

The Russian state corporation added that the signed document is important for the development of Russian-Chinese cooperation on satellite navigation issues, as well as for the promotion of GLONASS technology on the international market.

Earlier, Deputy General Director of Roscosmos for international cooperation Sergei Savelyev told RIA Novosti that the state corporation will begin deploying GLONASS ground stations that increase the accuracy of the Russian navigation system in China, approximately until the end of 2021, and in response, China will deploy Beidou ground stations in Russia.

Deputy General Director of Roscosmos Sergei Dubik said that Russian stations are planned to be located in Shanghai, Urumqi and Changchun, and three BeiDou measuring stations will appear in Obninsk, Irkutsk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. By the beginning of December 2021, the GLONASS network of ground stations totals 46 points in Russia and seven stations abroad, including South America and Antarctica.^[4]

Roscosmos develops a system for detecting cyber attacks on GLONASS for 2.58 billion rubles

On December 3, 2021, it became known about the contract concluded by Roscosmos with the Russian Space Systems company to develop a methodology for detecting cyber attacks on GLONASS. Read more here.

Launch of integration with COSPAS-SARSAT

On August 25, 2021, the Russian Space Systems Holding (RKS, part of the Roscosmos State Corporation) announced that it had launched the process of integrating the GLONASS medium-orbital satellite constellation into the COSPAS-SARSAT international space system. Read more here.

Completion of the ground segment of the GLONASS wide-field functional complement to improve navigation accuracy

On February 26, 2021, Russian Space Systems JSC (RKS, part of the Roscosmos State Corporation) announced the completion of the formation of the ground infrastructure of the high-precision complex of the wide-field functional complement of global navigation satellite systems based on the development of the differential correction and monitoring system (SDKM) - a network of 53 unified measurement collection stations (USSI) was created.

The network of stations is designed to receive information from navigation, satellites as well as processing and provision of corrective data to consumers Russia in and countries. CIS In total, as of February 2021 Russia , 46 stations are located on the territory, 18 of which are at the facilities of the branches of PJSC "," the Rostelecom last located ground infrastructure station recently began work in. Another 4 Yekaterinburg stations were built in the CIS countries and 3 in Antarctica.

The high-precision complex of wide-field functional complement of global navigation satellite systems was created by order of ROSCOSMOS State Corporation and is an important element of improving the accuracy of the GLONASS system.

All navigation information received by the stations is transmitted to the processing centers.

The wide-field functional addition of the differential correction and monitoring system developed by RKS makes it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of the complex of navigation services. With the help of a wide-band functional complement, position errors are reduced, it becomes more reliable, said Vladimir Denezhkin, Deputy General Designer for Ground Systems and Civil Systems of the RKS

USSIs receive open GLONASS radio navigation signals, signals of foreign navigation satellite systems and provide consumers with additional information that allows improving the accuracy and reliability of determining the speed of movement, accuracy of time reference, as well as spatial coordinates. Output information is communicated to consumers via special channels via geostationary communication satellites and via the Internet. The stations are provided with uninterruptible power supply systems and can operate offline for a long time.

Satellite differential correction systems SBAS (Space Based Augmentation Systems), which includes the Russian SDKM, are actively developing around the world. There are four foreign operating systems of this type - WAAS (USA), EGNOS (Europe), MSAS (Japan), GAGAN (India), but only the Russian one simultaneously works with data from GLONASS and GPS, the rest are focused only on GPS.

SBAS are designed to improve the accuracy and integrity of determining the position of spacecraft in orbit, aircraft and sea vessels, land consumers with open access navigation radio signals.

SBAS was most developed in aviation, several thousand airfields around the world are equipped with such a system. It complements traditional navigation aids and allows you to perform all operational operations, including accurate approaches with lateral and vertical guidance.

It is expected that the introduction of high-precision positioning in Russia and the CIS countries will provide an additional incentive for the development of GLONASS-based technologies in such industries as construction, agriculture (precision agriculture) and transport, as well as improve the safety of aircraft flights.

GLONASS has become mandatory for all locomotives in Russia

In January 2021, an order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation on equipping GLONASS equipment with railway transport began to operate. The satellite navigation system shall be installed in locomotives of passenger trains and trains carrying special and dangerous goods, as well as municipal waste.

As the department told Rossiyskaya Gazeta, the document was prepared in accordance with the provision on the powers of federal executive bodies to maintain, develop and use the GLONASS global navigation satellite system in the interests of ensuring state defense and security, socio-economic development of the Russian Federation and expanding international cooperation, as well as for scientific purposes.

The order, which was developed in July 2020, approves "the types of railway vehicles used to transport passengers, special and dangerous goods, transport solid municipal waste to be equipped with GLONASS or GLONASS/GPS satellite navigation equipment." The document also defines the head cars of motor-car rolling stock and headquarters passenger cars of locomotive traction mandatory for the installation of satellite navigation equipment.

The navigation system is designed to improve the safety of the transportation of passengers and dangerous goods, for example, chlorine or ammonia. With GLONASS, you can accurately track the location of trains. It is assumed that satellite navigation will reduce the impact of the human factor, automation will receive information about trains as quickly as possible and make control decisions.

Earlier, Russian Railways launched an online service that allows real-time tracking of the movement of long-distance passenger trains running through the territory of the Russian Federation in communication with the CIS and Baltic countries.^[5]

2020

Roscosmos: GLONASS did not achieve the declared accuracy

On November 13, 2020, Roskosmos"" reported on the unreachable GLONASS accuracy indicators, which were spelled out in the federal target program for the development of the navigation system for 2012-2020.

According to RIA Novosti, citing materials from the state corporation, the accuracy of location determination for ordinary civilian users has improved by 10 cm since 2012 - from 9.6 m to 9.5 m. According to the program approved by the government in eight years, it should have grown by more than a meter - up to 8.5 m.

The highest accuracy of the GLONASS satellite signal, excluding ground-based refinement tools and without restrictions for civilians, was achieved from January 30 to January 31, 2020 and amounted to 0.93 m. Six satellites of the GLONASS system out of 28 showed an average accuracy of 0.38 m in 2020 - this, according to the agency, is much more than that of the system as a whole.

"Today, in my opinion, it is not accuracy that is important, but interference immunity. Now this is a key parameter for the military. The achieved accuracy per meter is quite enough for, for example, missile weapons, "the agency quotes the opinion of Andrei Ionin, corresponding member of the Tsiolkovsky Russian Academy of Cosmonautics.

Aleksei Muravyov considers the chief of staff of the Chief Designer of Navigation Equipment for Consumers of the GLONASS system to be the main reason that over the past years it has not been possible to improve the accuracy of the GLONASS system, the sanctions imposed by Western countries against Russia. In particular, this is why it was not possible to purchase radiation-resistant equipment of the Space category for the creation of new navigation satellites, he noted.

At the same time, experts interviewed by RIA Novosti in the field of satellite navigation agree that one should not set the goal of developing the GLONASS system the need to catch up with the Americans, since the current accuracy is enough for most tasks.^[6]

Glonass-K satellite launched into orbit

At the end of October 2020, the Fregat upper stage launched the third Russian Glonass-K navigation spacecraft into the calculated orbit. According to the Russian Ministry of Defense, the launch of the launch vehicle and the launch of the satellite into orbit took place normally. The department added that stable telemetry communication is established and maintained with the spacecraft. The spacecraft's onboard systems function normally. Read more here.

Rostelecom launched a unified measurement collection station for GLONASS in Astrakhan

Technical specialists of Rostelecom and Russian Space Systems JSC (RKS, part of the Roscosmos State Corporation), by order of the Roscosmos State Corporation, have installed a unified measurement collection station in Astrakhan that will increase the accuracy of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS). The station will receive information from satellites of all existing open-signal navigation systems. This was announced on April 20, 2020 by Rostelecom South. Read more here.

In 66 regions of Russia, emergency services are fully equipped with GLONASS systems

On April 8, 2020, it became known that in 66 regions of Russia, emergency services are fully equipped with GLONASS systems.

The five leaders of the rating in 2019 included Moscow, Moscow and Novosibirsk regions, Primorsky Territory and the Republic of Bashkortostan. At the same time, in 66 regions of Russia, ambulance stations, sanitary transport and transport of the Ministry of Emergency Situations are fully equipped with hardware and software dispatch complexes.

In 2019, the share of ambulance and emergency situations equipped with GLONASS satellite navigation increased by 5.8% and amounted to 73.8%.

Assessment of GLONASS technology usage level is determined using the indicator of the proportion of vehicles equipped with satellite navigation equipment. Monitoring information from them goes to the regional information and navigation system.^[7]

A cargo drone has been created at the Moscow Aviation Institute to test the GLONASS navigation equipment

On January 15, 2020, the Moscow Aviation Institute announced the creation of a cargo unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to test GLONASS equipment, which is capable of making a soft landing in the event of an emergency. Read more here

2019

Rostec equipment in Antarctica will increase the accuracy of the GLONASS system

On September 5, 2019, Rostec announced that Roselectronics had installed ground satellite communication stations at the Russian Bellingshausen station in Antarctica to help improve the accuracy and overall reliability of the GLONASS system. Read more here.

Decommissioning the third satellite in August

On August 30, 2019, it became known that the Russian navigation the GLONASS system lost its third satellite during August 2019. The 745 spacecraft (7th operational point), launched into orbit eight years ago, in 2011, was decommissioned.

According to the information and analytical center for coordinate-time and navigation support GLONASS, the satellite was temporarily withdrawn from the system - it needs to carry out maintenance. As a result, as of August 30, 2019, of the 27 GLONASS-M spacecraft in orbit, only 21 are used for their intended purpose.

Three satellites are under maintenance, one is undergoing flight tests, and the remaining two are standby. According to RIA Novosti, such a quantity is not enough for 100% coverage of the planet's surface - for this, there must be at least 24 spacecraft in service.

As of August 30, the current GLONASS system half consists of satellites of the second generation GLONASS-M, which replaced the first generation (launches were carried out from 1982 to 2003 inclusive). The timing of maintenance of satellite number 745 at the time of publication of the material was unknown. The exact return dates of satellite 742, withdrawn from the system a few days earlier, are also not called. Spacecraft 717 is scheduled to return to service on September 1, 2019, it has been in service since August 1, 2019, and its launch into Earth orbit took place in 2006.

The second generation of GLONASS spacecraft has certain warranty periods established by the subsidiary of Roscosmos, Information Satellite Systems named after M.F. Reshetnev, and equal to seven years. In other words, half of the 27 satellites operate outside their warranty period. In addition, new GLONASS-M are not produced - their release was discontinued in 2015^[8]

Roscosmos agreed on the creation of the Sphere satellite constellation, which will improve GLONASS

On August 26, 2019, it became known that the project to create the Russian orbital satellite constellation "Sphere" was approved by the Military-Industrial Commission. Read more here.

The oldest GLONASS satellite failed

In early August 2019, the oldest GLONASS satellite failed. It is removed from the navigation system due to a malfunction, RIA Novosti reports with reference to the website of the Information and Analytical Center and the GLONASS Differential Correction and Monitoring System.

The malfunction of the satellite, launched on December 25, 2006, was recorded on August 1, 2019 at 15:45 Moscow time, and the spacecraft itself was put out for unplanned maintenance. The declared warranty period for the active existence of this device was seven years.

The affected satellite was commissioned on April 3, 2007. In addition to him, as part of the GLONASS group, there is another satellite launched in 2006 - it is in orbital reserve.

According to the agency, by the beginning of August 2019, 23 spacecraft remained in the GLONASS system, and 24 are required for global coverage of the globe. What caused the malfunction is not specified.

These are not the first problems in the work of the Russian global navigation satellite system. In April 2018, within a few days, two GLONASS spacecraft failed. Then it was reported that 22 GLONASS-M satellites continued to operate in orbit. The territory of Russia covers the signal of 18 satellites, so there were no failures in the Russian Federation.^[9]

Then a technical failure was recorded in the power supply circuit of the GLONASS ground infrastructure, due to which the system temporarily stopped providing consumers with high-precision corrective information through a satellite communication channel.

From 2019, it is planned to introduce updated satellites of the GLONASS-K2 generation, "more accurate spacecraft with improved mathematics." It is assumed that the accuracy of the navigation system by 2025 will increase by a quarter.

Production of GLONASS satellites will be postponed due to lack of imported components

On June 25, 2019, it became known that the production of GLONASS satellites would be postponed due to a lack of imported components.

As RBC writes with reference to the conclusion of the Accounts Chamber on the draft amendments to the federal budget for 2019, the government may abandon plans for the serial production of GLONASS-K spacecraft due to restrictions on the import of foreign components and the inability to quickly manufacture Russian analogues of the electronic component base.

Budget expenditures on satellites were reduced by almost 12.9 billion rubles. Half of this money (6.9 billion rubles) was planned to be spent by Roscosmos, another 6 billion rubles - by the Ministry of Defense. The money will be redistributed to import substitution developments, the government told the publication.

At the same time, expenses for other events of the federal digital program for the development of GLONASS will be increased by 7.05 billion rubles. Part of this money will go to the creation of an "insurance stock of an electronic component base of foreign production, including for the manufacture of 11 GLONASS-K2 spacecraft."

The office of Deputy Prime Minister Yuri Borisov told RBC that the program "to replenish and modernize the orbital group is preserved."

There is an internal redistribution of funds for domestic development work for the purpose of import substitution, - said the representative of the Deputy Prime Minister.

By June 2019, the mass of the GLONASS-K satellite of the Russian global navigation system is 1.4 tons. Such spacecraft form the basis of GLONASS. The mass of the modern spacecraft, GLONASS-K1, is approaching one ton. The mass of the GLONASS-K2 satellite, which differs in a reduced share of foreign components, is comparable to the mass of GLONASS-K^[10]

Glonass satellite signals will be protected from cyber attacks

On June 3, 2019, it became known that the signals satellites "" GLONASS will be protected from. cyber attacks This was announced by the chief designer (Glonass JSC system operator ERA-GLONASS) Mikhail Korablev.

In addition to improving the accuracy of the GLONASS system, experts are faced with the task of strengthening signal protection to prevent spoofing attacks (fake navigation signal).

There is a problem in interfering with the management of the courts. All sea vessels use satellite navigation, there is a confirmed fact of information attacks on ships that do not allow you to accurately determine the location. Therefore, one of the tasks of the program, in addition to improving accuracy, is to increase security,

The specialist did not disclose how exactly the protection of the satellite signal will be ensured.

It is planned that the entire navigation grouping of the GLONASS system will be updated with Glonass-K2 devices, which are completely assembled on the basis of domestic components. The first Glonass-K2 satellite is expected to be launched into orbit in late 2019 - early 2020^[11].

Russia and India decided to create a center for the joint development of navigation chips for 5 billion rubles

On March 12, 2019, it became known about the plans of Russia and India to create a joint center for the development of navigation receivers. Russia will invest 2.5 billion rubles in this project, the same amount of funds is planned to be attracted from private investors, Alexander Gurko, president of NP GLONASS and one of the leaders of the group of the national technology initiative Avtonet, told reporters.

According to him, India, not China, has become Russia's international partner in creating a navigation solution, since the latter is focused on developing its own system.

Gurko says that the launch of the design center, in which the navigation module will be created, should take place in 2019. It is assumed that the development of the line of chips will take two years.

The problem we're facing is the sharp cheapening of chips. Today, a navigation receiver costs $1.5. Seven to eight years ago, a GLONASS GPS receiver cost $250. For 10 years, the fall exceeded 100 times, - said Alexander Gurko.

According to RIA Novosti, the chipset is the main component of navigation systems, which is designed to receive signals from satellites. By March 2019, such solutions are mostly made in China and have to be imported. They want to produce a new Russian-designed chipset in India.

The Russian side will involve the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, the National Research University MIET, engineering companies, operators of various communication and telematic platforms.

In addition to chipsets for GLONASS global navigation systems, BeiDou GPS, Galileo and the Indian regional NAVIC system, it is planned to manufacture microassemblies based on them: navigation, communication components and other nodes. Earlier Roskosmos , they announced plans to install a GLONASS station in India.^[12]

2017

Putin's order to bring accuracy to GPS level

In September 2017, it became known that the President Russia Vladimir Putin gave instructions to equalize the accuracy of the Russian satellite navigation system GLONASS s. GPS This was told to journalists by the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation following the Dmitry Rogozin meeting. Military-Industrial Commission of the Russian Federation

The president put a special emphasis on GLONASS. He believes that it is extremely important today to reach positions equal to the Americans: GPS and GLONASS should be equal in accuracy, Rogozin said.

According to him, by September 2017, GLONASS is inferior to GPS in accuracy by about half: the level of resolution of systems is about 3.6 and 7 meters, respectively.

Rogozin expressed confidence that the launch of new satellites will allow Russia to compete with the United States. We are talking about GLONASS-K-2 spacecraft, the commissioning of which is scheduled for late 2018 - early 2019.

Third-generation satellites GLONASS-K-2 have greater accuracy in determining coordinates. They are designed for 10 years of operation, unlike the satellites of the previous generation GLONASS-M with a service life of seven years.

This will allow you to start, in fact, a spurt, that is, a finish race in order to reach absolutely competitive indicators by 2020, - said the Deputy Prime Minister.

During his speech, he also noted that 95% of any spacecraft consists of an electronic component of the base. Previously, Russia was completely dependent on the import of microcircuits, especially special microcircuits that can operate in outer space, in a vacuum, in the conditions of technological aggression of the so-called heavy particles that disabled spacecraft. By September 2017, the entire element base of strategic nuclear forces is fully produced on the territory of the Russian Federation, said Dmitry Rogozin.^[13]

The development of a differential correction and monitoring system (SDKM) in Russia will contribute to improving the accuracy and reliability of the domestic navigation system. It consists of ground stations and a space group - a multi-functional space relay system "Luch." The ground segment receives information on the status of satellites, their position, accuracy of the aircraft clock, generates corrective information and transmits it to consumers through the Luch satellites.

Ministry of Industry and Trade will invest 2 billion in the development of GLONASS

The Ministry of Industry and Trade (Ministry of Industry and Trade) has allocated about 1.84 billion rubles. for development work related to the development of the Russian global navigation satellite system GLONASS. Information about the corresponding tender, consisting of nine lots, appeared on the public procurement website. The^[14]

From the published documents it follows that the ministry is ready to spend 372.7 million rubles on the creation of a superminiature quantum frequency standard for high-precision equipment of GLONASS consumers. For the development of hardware and software for the navigation and information system of sea and river transport - 94.8 million rubles. To create an on-board synchronizing coordinate-time device for small-sized spacecraft, including spacecraft to ensure the tasks of monitoring the ionosphere and troposphere from space on the signals of spacecraft of the GLONASS system - 287.3 million rubles.

The development of unified hardware and software for use as part of navigation and aerobatic complexes of civil aviation aircraft was estimated by the Ministry of Industry and Trade at 280.9 million rubles. The creation of a navigation complex of hardware and software for small aircraft performing agricultural and special work - 117.9 million rubles. Development of hardware and software tools for synchronizing telecommunication networks, fuel and energy complex facilities and timing of consumer time scales - 96.8 million rubles.

In addition, up to 147.2 million rubles can be spent on the creation of navigation hardware and software for high-precision measurements of absolute and relative coordinates on the earth's surface from the budget. For the development of a hardware and software complex for navigation and time support of GLONASS system consumers in mobile communication networks (A-GLONASS) - up to 159.5 million rubles. And for the creation of high-precision positioning tools based on pseudo-satellites of global navigation satellite systems - up to 286 million rubles.

Restrictions on public procurement of foreign equipment for GLONASS

The government has expanded the list of foreign electronic products that are subject to restriction when making public procurement, adding GLONASS equipment to it. The corresponding decree was signed on July 6, 2017.

The government explains its actions by the fact that microcircuits and modules for GLONASS are already being produced in Russia, as well as light signaling equipment "with characteristics that are not inferior to foreign counterparts." The decision should increase its competitiveness and contribute to the further development of this market in Russia^[15]."

2016

GLONASS will earn underground and underwater for $28.5m

In order Roskosmos to increase the scope of application, GLONASS State Corporation announced in October 2016 a competition for the implementation of research work on the use of promising technologies in the global navigation system. The initial tender amount is 1.8 billion Russian. rubles

The main space department of Russia published on the public procurement website an announcement of an open competition for the implementation of the research and development program "Comprehensive research and scientific and technical justification for the use of promising technologies in the GLONASS system." The initial amount of the tender was also announced - from 1.8 billion Russian rubles ($28.5 million - approx. DR).

According to the terms of the competition, it is expected to solve the problem of creating special technologies for the use of the global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) in urban conditions, in mountains, canyons, indoors, under water and underground.

Applications for participation in the tender will be accepted by the state corporation until November 3, 2016, and the results of the competition will be announced on November 7. It is planned that the research will be carried out by November 2020.

Scientists will create an algorithm for the disposal of spent GLONASS satellites

Spacecraft in high orbits turn into space debris after fuel generation. Under the influence of the gravitational field of the Earth, the Sun, the Moon and other factors, the spent vehicle changes its orbit and begins to move along a new trajectory, creating the danger of collision with active satellites. No country has an effective mechanism for eliminating spent spacecraft. In 2016, scientists from the Department of Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics of the Research Institute of PMM TSU began creating an algorithm for the disposal of non-functioning satellites of the GLONASS system, the idea of ​ ​ which is to bring spent objects into such an orbit that it will contact the upper layers of the atmosphere. Once in them, the spacecraft will burn without residue.

The algorithm will be based on the results of fundamental research by employees of the Department of Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics, who managed to make a real discovery - to identify patterns of the influence of century resonances on the orbital evolution of artificial Earth satellites.

Resonances, including centuries-old ones, are generators of orbital evolution, - explains the head of the department of celestial mechanics and astrometry at the Research Institute of PMM TSU, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics. sciences, professor Tatyana Bordovitsyna. - They are able to transfer celestial objects from almost circular orbits to elongated ones, directing asteroids from the outer regions of the solar system to internal, and uncontrolled near-Earth objects from almost circular high orbits to orbits capable of touching the atmosphere.

Information about age-old resonances will help scientists in space "cleaning." Scientists will take this factor into account when calculating the amount of fuel needed to put the satellite ending its work into a disposal orbit. According to Tatyana Bordovitsyna, calculations will be made for GLONASS satellites, but the created algorithm is also suitable for eliminating satellites of navigation systems GPS and. Galileo

The problem of cleaning up near-Earth space is becoming more acute every year. According to NASA data in high orbits today there are about 22,000 objects of artificial origin measuring from 10 cm or more. 15855 objects were catalogued, only 6% of them are operating vehicles, and everything else is space debris: 24% are non-functioning satellites, 17% are the upper stages of launch vehicles, etc. Hundreds of new fragments appear in near space every year. Therefore, in the foreseeable future, the clutter of near-Earth space may reach such an extent that there will be nowhere to launch new satellites.

2015

The necessary supply of satellites has been created to support the GLONASS system

The Information Satellite Systems company (ISS, Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Territory) has manufactured eight Glonass-M spacecraft to replace, if necessary, satellites in the orbital constellation of the Russian GLONASS navigation system, ISS General Director Nikolai Testoedov said in June 2015 at the Le Bourget-2015 international aerospace salon.

"We have a powerful ground-based satellite reserve. Eight Glonass-M satellites are manufactured and stored. Now we are making the ninth. These spacecraft will be launched online during 2015-2017, providing an orbital grouping of the Global Navigation System, "Testoedov quotes Interfax."

Nikolai Testoedov recalled that Roscosmos and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation decided to launch satellites on operational need. "The grouping is very stable. All spacecraft are operational. Yes, a number of them have limitations on system redundancy, but not on functions. Therefore, now there is no question of launching new devices, "said the general director of the ISS.

He noted that mass production of spacecraft of the new Glonass-K1 series has begun.

"These are next class sets. They are leaky, have advanced functions and improved characteristics based on the navigation signal and accuracy of the aircraft clock. These satellites will ensure the development of the GLONASS group in 2017-2019, "said the head of the ISS.

According to him, the decisions made "will ensure guaranteed maintenance of the grouping and the provision of a free navigation signal."

2014

A large-scale failure occurred in the GLONASS system

The orbital grouping of the GLONASS system failed in April 214, Interfax reported, citing a source in the rocket and space industry. "The system shutdown lasted more than 10 hours - from about 00:30 to 11:30 Moscow time on April 2, 2014. It was caused by the so-called" human factor "- an error in transmitting incorrect ephemeris to satellites, that is, a problem in the mathematical support of the group's activities," the agency's interlocutor^[16].

According to him, the satellites, due to an error, gave out incorrect data on their location (ephemeris). As a result, consumers received incorrect information about their coordinates on the ground. As PC World writes with reference to Drew Davies from the Canadian company Rx Networks, specializing in navigation services, the problem with incorrect GLONASS data has been observed around the world.

The interlocutor of Interfax said that the error simultaneously arose on almost all devices, after which the satellites were designated as transmitting incorrect ephemeris on the website of the Roscosmos Information and Analytical Center. As of Thursday, April 3, incorrect ephemeris were recorded in the Glonass-M satellite No. 746.

The government expects to earn billions of rubles on GLONASS

The Russian government approveda roadmap for the creation of GLONASS OJSC, the development of the ERA-GLONASS state automated information system and its use in the interests of other information and navigation complexes and systems created by federal executive bodies and organizations. The corresponding document is published on the official portal of legal information^[17]

The implementation of the "road map," prepared on behalf of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, is designed to increase the efficiency of the ERA-GLONASS system, which was created and put into permanent operation by the Ministry of Transport, the document says.

Expanding the range of functions implemented using ERA-GLONASS, which are offered by the roadmap, will allow, according to the Government, to introduce navigation technologies faster and at lower financial costs.

It is also noted here that the implementation of the activities of the "roadmap" will allow accumulating creative, scientific and resource potentials for the creation of large-scale projects in the field of navigation activities.

The development, creation, implementation and operation of intelligent transport systems, geoinformation systems, road navigation systems, toll collection systems and other navigation and information systems on a single technological base will have a positive effect on the time and speed of project implementation, will ensure information and technological security and independence of the Russian Federation, the document says.

The expected result of the implementation of the activities of the roadmap is the creation of a basis for new civilian technologies using ERA-GLONASS, expanding the quality and quantity of services provided using this system, as well as the introduction of navigation information in various areas of daily life and the further development of the ERA-GLONASS system itself with the involvement of extrabudgetary funds.

The Roadmap is designed for 2014-2018. At the same time, 3 benchmarks were selected to assess the effectiveness of its implementation - a reduction in costs from the budget for the operation of the system, the annual gross income of GLONASS OJSC and the number of state systems using the ERA-GLONASS infrastructure.

So, if in 2015, with budgetary costs for operating the system in the amount of 590 million rubles, the income of GLONASS OJSC should be 1 billion rubles, then in 2018 state costs should be reduced to zero, and the company's income, on the contrary, will increase to 5 billion rubles. At the same time, the number of state information systems using the ERA-GLONASS infrastructure should reach four by 2018.

GLONASS replenished with a satellite

On December 1, at 00 hours 52 minutes, the Soyuz-2.1b rocket with the Glonass-K satellite on board was launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome. The launch was carried out by a joint calculation of specialists Ministry of Defence Russia and enterprises of the rocket and space industry.

In accordance with the flight cyclogram, the Glonass-M spacecraft (manufactured by OJSC "Information Satellite Systems named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev," Zheleznogorsk) was put into a target orbit and taken into control. It will replenish the current orbital grouping of the domestic global navigation satellite system GLONASS.

The Glonass-K spacecraft is a GLONASS spacecraft representing the third generation of domestic navigation satellites. From the satellites of the previous generation, Glonass-K differs in its life increased to 10 years (instead of 7 years for Glonass-M), reduced mass (935 kg instead of 1415 kg), the introduction of code separation of the navigation signal due to broadcasting in the L3-band. In addition, the equipment of the international search and rescue system COSPAS-SARSAT is located on the new satellite.

2011-2012: Completion of grouping. Development of FTP for GLONASS development until 2020

• In August 2011, the Russian government received a draft federal target program for the development of the GLONASS global navigation satellite system in 2012-2020. As Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov previously stated, it is planned to allocate about 60 billion rubles for the new federal target program, but so far the program's budget has not been approved: there are disputes over it.

The new federal target program will determine plans for the development of the GLONASS global navigation satellite system in 2012-2020. The FTP project has already been submitted to the government, General Director - General Designer of the Russian Space Systems Corporation (RKS), GLONASS General Designer Yuri Urlichich told Interfax. "The system has to evolve, of course. This is what the project of the new federal target program "Maintenance, development and use of the GLONASS system," designed for the period from 2012 to 2020, is aimed at. The program has not yet been approved. There are disputes over the amount of necessary budget financing, as well as the attracted extra-budgetary funds, "he said.

The program is based on financing the production of ground-based consumer equipment (NAP) and the creation of electronic maps.

Yuri Urlichich noted that the development of GLONASS is largely determined by the ground component of the system, including the development of consumer equipment. "A lot depends on the budget order," he said.

The general designer named the main customers of GLONASS. If earlier the main customers were the Ministry of Defense and Roscosmos, now the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Transport have been added to them, which also has plans to introduce geo-information technologies in automobile, aviation, sea and river transport.

Plans to launch five Glonass-M and one Glonass-K spacecraft in 2011 remained unchanged. As of the summer of 2011, the system includes 23 operating devices that provide almost global navigation signal coverage of the globe.

• On October 3, 2011, it became known that the Glonass-M satellite launched from Plesetsk was successfully delivered to orbit^[18]. The Soyuz-2.1B Raketa carrier, launched from the Plesetsk cosmodrome, successfully launched a Glonass-M satellite into orbit. At 03.55 Moscow time, the satellite was taken for control. The launch of the launch vehicle and the launch of the spacecraft into orbit took place normally, Colonel Alexei Zolotukhin, an official representative of the Russian Space Forces, told the agency.

The launch was carried out on a backup date. It did not work out on October 2 due to the impending cyclone. Initially, they wanted to launch the satellite at the end of August 2011, but then all launches were postponed due to the crash of the Progress M-12M space truck and the need to find out the causes of this accident.

Before the current launch, all components of the rocket elements were checked. The check confirmed that "today this rocket was operational, all units are serviceable, everything is fine," said the head of 1 state test cosmodrome, Major General Alexander Golovko.

After commissioning, the satellite completed the formation of the GLONASS space group, designed for 24 devices operating in normal mode. As noted by the deputy head of Roscosmos Anatoly Shilov, the Russian satellite system is fully equipped for the first time after a 15-year break. A constellation of 24 satellites will allow receiving GLONASS system signals without restrictions not only in Russia, but also around the world. The accuracy of determining coordinates will also increase. Even 2-3 years ago, the determination error was 30-50 meters. Thanks to the commissioning of new satellites, it was reduced to 5-6 meters. In a few years, Russian scientists hope to reach the accuracy of the determination of 1 meter. High-precision positioning will be in demand in such professional areas as the construction of roads, bridges and buildings, cartography and geodesy, security.

• The state plans to allocate 330.5 billion rubles for the implementation of the federal target program "Maintenance, development and use of the GLONASS system" in 2012-2020, the Roscosmos agency reported. The main task of the program is to maintain the GLONASS system and its development in order to ensure competitiveness and create conditions for its large-scale use, both in our country and abroad, the agency said in an official statement.

• On November 28, 2011, a successful launch of the Soyuz-2.1b space rocket with the Fregat upper stage and the GLONASS-M navigation spacecraft took place. Thus, taking into account the launch of three GLONASS-M spacecraft on November 4, 2011, the formation of the full composition of the orbital group of GLONASS spacecraft (24 spacecraft in three orbital planes) is being completed. The last of them is planned to be commissioned in early December 2011. The result will be an increase in the accuracy and availability of navigation definitions, as well as the stability of the system. Thus, the main task of the federal target program "Global Navigation System" will be fulfilled - the formation of an orbital grouping of the full composition and the provision of navigation definitions with a given accuracy throughout Russia and on a global scale.

• In December 2011, the 24th GLONASS satellite was commissioned, the Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) reported. Thus, the formation of the satellite grouping of the Russian navigation system has been completed: for it to completely cover the entire earth's surface, just 24 spacecraft operating in three orbital planes are needed.

According to the information and analytical center of Roscosmos, in addition to the 24 satellites used for their intended purpose, 3 more are now at the stage of entry into the system, 2 are temporarily put out for maintenance, one is at the stage of flight tests and another is in orbital reserve. The launch of the last satellite took place on December 4. The timing of sending previous satellites to space has been repeatedly postponed, and three of them, we recall, at the end of last year were generally lost - due to a technical error, instead of orbiting, they landed in the Pacific Ocean.

Due to constant delays, postponements and an accident, the group was formed with a great delay: President Dmitry Medvedev instructed officials to do this before the end of 2010. After the loss of three satellites, the Roscosmos leadership hoped to quickly replace them and complete the formation of the group in March 2011.

Roscosmos reports that two more satellites are planned to be commissioned by the end of 2011, and another in early 2012. "This will increase the accuracy and availability of navigation definitions, create an orbital reserve of spacecraft necessary to increase the stability of the system," the federal agency explains.

This is not the first time the GLONASS group has started working in full force. The number of satellites in the navigation system was brought to 24 in 1995, but due to lack of funding for the program, by 2001 it was reduced to 6. The first GLONASS satellite was launched in October 1982.

The formation of the federal target program "Maintenance, development and use of the GLONASS system" for 2012-2020 is nearing completion. During this period, it is planned to allocate 330.5 billion rubles for it.

Russian officials plan not only to invest, but also to make money on GLONASS - the commercialization of this technology, including at the level of transport and consumer devices, is one of their goals. Earlier, the authorities have repeatedly stated the possibility of introducing duties on imported consumer devices that do not support the Russian navigation system.

In 2011, the first navigators smartphones with GLONASS began to appear on the market. Of the world manufacturers of the latter, support for the Russian navigation system, along GPS with in the released new devices, at least at the specification level, has already been announced,, and Apple. HTC Samsung Motorola

GLONASS implementation program in Bashkiria

In January 2012, Bashkiria approved the republican target program (RCT) "Introduction of GLONASS satellite navigation technologies in the interests of the socio-economic development of the Republic of Bashkortostan" for 2012-2015, developed under the cooperation agreement between the NIS and the government of the republic. The state customer-coordinator of the program has determined the State Committee of Bashkiria for Transport and Road Facilities.

In addition, the program budget was approved with a total amount of financing of 1.496 billion rubles, including funds from the republic's budget in the amount of 442.4 million rubles. As part of the program, the navigation and information infrastructure of Bashkiria will be created, including the republican navigation and information center with a single multifunctional navigation platform of the republic, which will ensure the control of republican vehicles, as well as special departmental transport in crisis situations.

At the first stage of the program, navigation systems based on GLONASS technology will be introduced on passenger urban and municipal transport in the city of Ufa, a republican navigation center will be created in the government and the presidential administration of Bashkiria.

By 2015, the GLONASS system should be equipped with at least 80% of vehicles carrying passengers, heavy, large, dangerous goods, agricultural equipment of machine and technological stations, as well as special vehicles (Ministry of Emergency Situations, Ministry of Internal Affairs and ambulance and emergency medical care). Vehicles will transmit telematic data to the republican navigation and information system. As a result, navigation and information systems for monitoring the transport of Bashkiria will be created and modernized.

The plans also include the creation of an effective high-precision positioning system in Bashkiria based on the GLONASS system.

"The creation of a navigation and information infrastructure in the Republic of Bashkortostan will contribute to the development of the transport complex of the region, will allow introducing more effective methods of managing sectors of the economy and, in general, will increase the safety of the population of the republic, the quality of passenger traffic, and will increase the number of jobs," said Andrei Bykovsky, Deputy Chairman of the Bashkirian State Committee for Transport and Road Facilities.

Also, the main areas of work within the framework of the RCT will be the deployment of the ERA-GLONASS federal emergency response system in Bashkiria, which includes the creation of the ERA-GLONASS interregional navigation and information center in Ufa.

Russia plans to build ground stations for differential correction and monitoring of the GLONASS system in 34 countries. This was reported in March 2012 by the ITAR-TASS agency with reference to the words of the Director General of Russian Space Systems Yuri Urlich.

Such stations that provide meter positioning accuracy of the GLONASS system will be installed mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. According to Urlichich, agreements will be reached with the first 10-15 countries in the near future. According to him, negotiations with Australia are being completed, it is also planned to place correction stations in Indonesia, Brazil, Nicaragua.

• The GLONASS system by 2020 will not be inferior in accuracy to the American GPS. This was stated in April 2012 at the VI International Forum on Satellite Navigation by the head of Roscosmos Vladimir Popovkin. He said that in 2012, a new federal target program for the development of GLONASS until 2020 was approved. Among the main tasks is to give GLONASS accuracy no worse than that of the American system.

• In May 2012, there are 24 regularly operating navigation satellites in orbit, and four more vehicles are in reserve. All of them orbit the Earth in three orbital planes at an altitude of 19 thousand km. This arrangement provides coverage of the entire surface of the Earth with navigation system signals with a coordinate accuracy of several meters. The first satellite of the third generation of GLONASS-K1 was launched into orbit, with which experiments are being carried out to expand the navigation capabilities of GLONASS. In 2013, it is planned to switch to new GLONASS-K2 satellites, which will become the basis of a more accurate global positioning system. The life of these satellites is already ten years.

• In May 2012, the developers reported on the completion of the Federal Target Program "Global Navigation System," the purpose of which was to restore the domestic global positioning system.

The following federal target program "Maintenance, development and use of the GLONASS system" for 2012-2020 was formed and adopted. It was presented by Deputy Prime Minister Vladislav Surkov. He promised that by 2020, 300 billion rubles will be spent on the program for the development of the Russian positioning system.

The head of the Federal Air Transport Agency announced the uselessness of GLONASS on Russian aircraft

Russian airlines equip aircraft with GLONASS equipment that does not bring them any practical benefit. The head of the Federal Air Transport Agency Alexander Neradko reported this to the government, Izvestia was informed in December 2012.

"On most domestic aircraft equipped with GLONASS/GPS satellite navigation equipment that do not have a digital flight and navigation complex, satellite navigation equipment does not interact with the on-board navigation complex, therefore, automatic navigation by GLONASS GPS signals is not provided, and most types of PBN navigation characteristics are not provided (navigation based on operational characteristics)," writes Neradko.

According to the order of the Ministry of Transport of 13.02.12, domestic civilian aircraft (both aircraft and helicopters) with a take-off weight of more than 495 kg, used for commercial transportation, must be equipped with GLONASS or GLONASS/GPS equipment by January 1, 2015, take-off weight of 5700 kg or more - by January 1, 2016. Foreign-made aircraft must be equipped with GLONASS equipment by January 2017. (from 495 kg), and until the beginning of 2018, those whose mass exceeds 5.7 tons.

According to the Federal Air Transport Agency, at the beginning of November this year, out of 1885 domestic aircraft in operation, 530 were equipped with GLONASS GPS equipment. The cost of the device required for installation is approximately 1 million rubles.

After some time, the Federal Air Transport Agency published a refutation of the information that appeared in the Izvestia newspaper.

According to representatives of the department, no letters with such allegations from the Federal Air Transport Agency were sent to the Government of the Russian Federation.

"GLONASS

satellite navigation equipment on civilian aircraft performs multiple functions in the interests of ensuring flight safety. This is a well-known fact that is never questioned by specialists, "the ministry said in a statement

.

As noted in the Federal Air Transport Agency, when equipping GLONASS or GPS satellite navigation equipment with aircraft in certain cases, various technical problems arise in using the functionality of the satellite navigation system. These problems are solved in accordance with the established procedure by competent organizations.

"Equipping GLONASS aircraft with equipment is an important factor in improving safety and effective activities in air transport," said Alexander Neradko, head of the Federal Air Transport Agency.

2010: Successful and failed satellite launches

By March 30, 2010, the number of operating spacecraft was brought to 21 (plus 2 backup spacecraft).

With the transition to Glonass-K satellites, the accuracy of the GLONASS system will become comparable to the accuracy of the American navigation system GPS - the only foreign deployed navigation system.

As part of the project, which is an analogue of the European eCall project, it is planned to equip millions of cars throughout Russia with GLONASS transceivers, which in the event of an accident will automatically transmit information to emergency services about the incident and the place where it occurred. In Europe, since 2014, equipping all cars with the alarm button of the eCall system has been introduced forcibly.

Era GLONASS It is planned to allocate about 4 billion rubles from the federal budget for "" (180 million rubles were allocated for 2010). In addition to budget funds, invest 2-3 billion rubles. the project is planned by the operator NIS who is engaged in its implementation.

• On September 2, 2010, the Proton-M heavy-class launch vehicle, launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome (Kazakhstan), successfully launched three Glonass-M spacecraft into low-earth orbit using an upper stage. This is the second launch of the Glonass-M spacecraft in 2010. "In total, in 2010, it is planned to conduct three launches of the Glonass-M blocks - three spacecraft each, after which the orbital group of the Glonass system will be brought to the standard number - 24 spacecraft, and the necessary reserve of vehicles will be created." In total, in the history of the deployment of the Glonass system, more than 100 navigation satellites were launched into orbit.

• On December 5, 2010, the launch of the Proton-M rocket, which was supposed to launch three satellites of the Glonass navigation system into orbit, was unsuccessful - spacecraft worth about $190 million fell into the Pacific Ocean. An emergency situation occurred, a representative of the State Scientific and Scientific Center named after Khrunichev (manufacturer of JSC «Proton») Alexander Bobrenev told Vedomosti, but did not comment on the details^[19].

The Glonass-M satellites were supposed to rise to an altitude of about 20,000 km, but the launch vehicle avoided the course by eight degrees, which eventually led to the "loss of spacecraft in the Pacific Ocean." Most likely, there was a malfunction of the upper stage of the DM-3, suggests an employee of the enterprise who participated in the unsuccessful launch at Baikonur.

The lost launch vehicle alone costs about $100 million, the manager of a large NoLimit Electronics estimates. Another $90 million could cost satellites flooded in the Pacific Ocean, two of his colleagues in the market calculated. The representative of Roscosmos does not comment on the cost of these devices, but assures: both satellites and the launch vehicle were fully insured, so that the state will not suffer damage.

With the commissioning of these satellites, the Russian Glonass navigation constellation would cover almost the entire globe. The fall of the JSC «Proton» launch vehicle is a negative event, but it will not significantly affect the quality of Glonass's work, said Evgeny Belyanko, chief designer of the M2M telematics group of companies (controlled by Navigation and Information Systems, Glonass Development Officer). Now there are already 26 Glonass satellites in orbit, of which two are in reserve, and this is quite enough for the high-quality operation of the system on the territory of Russia and most of the globe, he says.

• December 2010: Head of Roscosmos Anatoly Perminov announced that GLONASS satellites that have fallen into the Pacific Ocean will soon be replaced with new ones. But it will be possible to form a group sufficient to cover the entire globe only by March 2011, while the president was tasked with doing this in 2010. Perminov noted that now Roscosmos is working on implementing the president's instructions - provide a constellation of 24 satellites as soon as possible, and therefore it was decided to include two spacecraft - 21st and 22nd in the GLONASS system - which were in reserve. According to the head of Roscosmos, one of the backup devices has already undergone an adjustment and is moving to the working point where the fallen satellites were supposed to be launched.

The third satellite will try to put the Soyuz launch vehicle into orbit. Its launch from the Plesetsk cosmodrome is scheduled for December 28, 2010. As noted, this satellite belongs to a new generation of orbiters - GLONASS-K. Judging by Perminov's words, the launch of this satellite will become an experiment: "it was planned to conduct rather long flight tests with them, but if it enters the system and starts working efficiently, then we will first put it into operation, and after its work we will deal with new flight tests," - explained the head of Roscosmos.

• On December 21, 2010, it became known that the insurance of satellites, which were supposed to provide the Glonass system with 100% coverage of the Earth, did not cover 5% of their price^[19].

Three Glonass-M satellites that fell into the Pacific Ocean were insured by Sputnik for a total of $3.5 million - this is the amount of the direct insurance contract, said Alexander Koval, head of the Federal Insurance Supervision Service (FSSN).

The reinsurer of this risk is the Russian Insurance Center (RSC), the reinsurance agreement was concluded for $3.3 million, according to Sputnik's response to the request for insurance supervision, Interfax quotes Koval.

The purpose of the request is to determine the impact of the volume of risks on the solvency of insurers, Koval noted. He sees no difficulties with the insurance payment by either the insurer or the reinsurer: "The service was only worried about the potential stability of the companies<...>, the history of payments to the RSC shows that the company already had to deal with such losses."

But the amount for which the satellites were insured shocked market participants. It is "much lower than their real value," said Vadim Yanov, CEO of Sogaz. Deputy General Director of Ingosstrakh Nikolai Galushin estimates the cost of three lost satellites and a rocket at $80-100 million. Ingosstrakh last year paid FSUE Cosmic Communications almost 1.1 billion rubles for the partial death of the Express-AM2 satellite, and in 1998 - $85 million for the death of the Coupon satellite. Such risks are 95% reinsured in the foreign market, Galushin notes.

The representative of Roscosmos did not comment on the size of the insurance. The phones of the insured, FSUE "Center for the Operation of Ground Space Infrastructure Facilities," did not answer yesterday. His office is located at the same address as Roscosmos. Sputnik's office is in a nearby building.

Glonass satellites, as a rule, are not insured under property insurance contracts, two top managers of companies leading the space insurance market told Vedomosti. Liability, delivery, etc., is insured, but due to the low quality of the devices, insurers ask for an increased tariff. Large insurers, including Sogaz, offered their satellite insurance services, Yanov said recently, but their proposals did not suit the insured: according to him, the tariff was the criterion.

The Glonass-M spacecraft No. 743 was successfully introduced in the spring of 2013 into the GLONASS orbital group, the vehicle is used for its intended purpose. Thus, the GLONASS orbital group is fully deployed, the Roscosmos Information and Analytical Center reported in March 2013.

In total, for the full functioning of GLONASS, it is necessary to operate 24 spacecraft in orbit, which is how much, according to Roscosmos, is now used for its intended purpose. In total, there are now 29 devices in the GLONASS orbital grouping.

2008-2009: Rollout rescheduling

At the end of March 2008, the Council of Chief Designers for the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), which met at the Russian Research Institute of Space Instrumentation, slightly adjusted the timing of the deployment of the GLONASS space segment. Previous plans assumed that in Russia the system would be possible to use by December 31, 2007; however, this required 18 operating satellites, of which some managed to develop their own warranty resource and stopped working. Thus, although in 2007 the plan for launching GLONASS satellites was fulfilled (six vehicles entered orbit), the orbital constellation as of March 27, 2008 included only sixteen operating satellites. On December 25, 2008, the number was brought to 18 satellites.

At the GLONASS Council of Chief Designers, the system deployment plan was adjusted so that the GLONASS system would work in Russia at least by December 31, 2008. Previous plans involved launching two triples of the new Glonass-M satellites into orbit in September and December 2008; however, in March 2008, the timing of the production of satellites and rockets was revised to put all satellites into service before the end of the year. It was assumed that the launches will take place earlier by two months and the system will work in Russia by the end of the year. The plans were implemented on time.

On January 29, 2009, it was announced that Sochi would be the first city in the country where public transport will be massively equipped with a satellite monitoring system based on GLONASS. At that time, GLONASS equipment manufactured by M2M telematics was installed on 250 Sochi buses.

In November 2009, it was announced that the Ukrainian Research Institute of Radio Engineering Measurements (Kharkov) and the Russian Research Institute of Space Instrumentation (Moscow) would create a joint venture. The parties will create a satellite navigation system to serve consumers in the two countries. The project will use Ukrainian correction stations to clarify the coordinates of the GLONASS systems.

On December 15, 2009, at a meeting between Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and the head of Roscosmos Anatoly Perminov, it was announced that the deployment of GLONASS would be completed by the end of 2010.

2001: Adoption of the Global Navigation System

In August 2001, the federal target program "Global Navigation System" was adopted, according to which the full coverage of the territory of Russia was planned already in early 2008, and the system would have reached global scale by early 2010. To solve this problem, it was planned to carry out six launch of the launch vehicle during 2007, 2008 and 2009 and put 18 satellites into orbit - thus, by the end of 2009, the group would again have 24 vehicles.

To restore the system, second-generation satellites were developed, GLONASS-M - their service life is seven years.

1982-1995: The unfolding of the grouping

The first satellite of the GLONASS system was launched by the Soviet Union into orbit on October 12, 1982. On September 24, 1993, the system was officially put into operation with an orbital constellation of 12 satellites.

In December 1995, the satellite constellation was deployed to a staff of 24 satellites, but due to the short life of the satellites, it actually ceased to exist after six years.

Market in Russia

Devices with GLONASS support

Russian enterprises producing systems using GLONASS mainly offer solutions for vehicle monitoring and automotive navigation. In particular, the companies M2M Telematics"," RNT KB "" and Hung others specialize in them. The largest projects of GLONASS implementations Russia in 2008-2009, according to the data, CNews Analytics are also mainly related. transport Russians have not yet been able to export such solutions.

Alexander Gurko is not aware of any projects in the field of GLONASS that Russian companies have implemented outside the CIS. The NIS itself, according to the operator's general director, is conducting experimental operation of its systems or is waiting for tenders in countries such as India, Cuba and Venezuela.

Government measures to stimulate the GLONASS market are yielding tangible results. The demand for receivers for the Russian navigation system for 2010 has grown more than 2 times, and next year it may increase by 5 times. In 2008-2010. "many regulatory documents were adopted to stimulate the GLONASS market," told CNewsBorisov Yuri, Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade.

"This is the adoption of technical regulations for wheeled vehicles, which regulate the possibility of installing GLONASS GPS or GLONASS equipment on transport, and the adoption of a navigation law, which provides for the installation of only GLONASS systems on vehicles for transporting especially dangerous goods or passengers," he explained.

In addition, the government commission decided to raise duties on GPS receivers and reset to two- or three-system (using GLONASS and the European navigation system Galileo). According to Borisov, customs tariffs do not apply to communicators and cell phones.

As a result of all the measures taken, the GLONASS market is growing at an impressive pace. If in 2008 about 10-15 thousand navigation receivers of domestic production were sold in Russia, then in 2009 - about 40 thousand. The forecast for 2010 will be delivered to 100 thousand, and for 2011 - about 500 thousand.

Such rapid growth, according to Borisov, occurs due to the formation of a capacious state order: "Colleagues from the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the Ministry of Internal Affairs have funds in their three-year budgets for the implementation of GLONASS systems."

In 2010, Navis Design Bureau occupies 73% of the GLONASS receiver market in Russia. About 16% of receivers, according to him, are supplied by the Izhevsk Radio Plant, 8% by the Geostar Navigation company, 1% by the Russian Institute of Radio Navigation and Time, 2% by other manufacturers.

In 2011, Navis Design Bureau expects to further increase its share. This will happen due to the development of the consumer device market with GLONASS, Shulgin hopes. Izhevsk Radio Plant, in his opinion, will somewhat reduce the share, because "focused primarily on the state order."

Qualcomm announced in December 2011 that over 15 devices operating on the basis of its two previous generation mobile platforms with GLONASS support at the hardware level are currently on the market. Taking into account smartphones and tablets on the latest manufacturer's platform, which also supports GLONASS, the number of such devices is in the tens.

According to the NIS, the volume of the domestic market for GLONASS GPS chipsets for road transport in 2011 reached 270 thousand, which is 3 times more than in 2010. Forecasts for the current year are 500 thousand devices. The growth is due to the demand for the creation of navigation and information systems from large corporate clients, as well as the demand for industry solutions for regional and departmental customers.

The Chinese captured 15% of the Russian market for GLONASS receivers during the year

Back in 2011, Russian manufacturers of GLONASS receivers for transport monitoring systems did not rank Asian vendors as their main competitors, and at the end of 2011 they already attributed 14-17% of this market to them. Representatives of Asian companies in 2012 expect even more demand for their products. According to expert estimates of the domestic supplier of GLONASS GPS receivers for satellite monitoring systems of transport - GeoStar Navigation (part of the M2M Telematics Group of Companies) - the share of Chinese and Taiwanese manufacturers of these products on the Russian market in 2011 amounted to about 14-17%. Russian suppliers call SkyTraq and MStar Semiconductor, both based in Taiwan, the most notable Asian players in the GLONASS GPS receivers market. The products are the first in Russia to be sold by the supplier of electronic components Macro Group. The company's product manager Pavel Vasenin told CNews that in 2011 his company sold "several tens of thousands" of dual-system SkyTraq receivers. The total market volume, according to his estimates, amounted to about 250-300 thousand receivers. In 2012, according to Vasenin, we can expect an even greater increase in demand for dual-system receivers, including due to the fact that the price of them will decrease.

As the general manager of China ZTE for Russia, Ding Haomin, told CNews in February 2012, his company is not now preparing new models smartphones with GLONASS support for any of the Russian operators. According to him, this is due to the lack of demand for such devices among Russian consumers. ZTE created the world's first GLONASS smartphone based on the chipset, the AmericanQualcomm which went on sale only in Russia in April 2011 under the brand. MTS

Presenting this device to Prime Minister Vladimir Putin at the end of 2010, Chairman of the Board of Directors of AFK Sistema (is the main shareholder of MTS) Vladimir Yevtushenkov spoke about the volume of supplies of the first batch of 500 thousand units. Later, ZTE representatives adjusted this figure to about 100 thousand units.

In reality, the volume of the first batch did not exceed 5 thousand pieces, Dean Haomin admitted in a conversation with CNews. At the same time, the sale of even such a volume of smartphones took MTS six months. Before the start of their sales, ZTE hoped to bring 3-5 models of such devices to the market. However, a month after the start of sales, these plans became less certain.

Plans for the release of a smartphone with GLONASS have also been revised by the Chinese Huawei.

Control over the location of transport

In April 2011, it became known that from January 1, 2012, for the absence of the GLONASS navigation system on commercial and special vehicles, it was planned to introduce a fine: for drivers - in the amount of 2.5 thousand rubles, for enterprises - 30 thousand rubles, the Ministry of Transport proposed the corresponding amendments to the Administrative Code.

So far, we are talking only about equipping the system for special vehicles carrying passengers (licensed taxis, public transport), dangerous, heavy and (or) large cargo. The traffic police will begin checking the presence of GLONASS at inspection points (another draft government decree, also published yesterday on the website of the Ministry of Economy) from July 1, 2012.

The proposed version of the sanctions is much softer than the original version of the Ministry of Transport, presented in February. Then the ministry insisted on the same 2.5 thousand rubles. for the driver, but also introduced sanctions in the amount of 5 thousand rubles. for officials responsible for the technical condition and operation of vehicles, as well as 50 thousand rubles. for legal entities. The timing of the amendments was also tougher - from July 1, 2011. But, as the representative of the Ministry of Transport explained to Kommersant, the first announced "the timing was not too realistic," and as a result, the introduction of the amendments was decided to be postponed to January 1 of next year. "The introduction of a system of sanctions for the absence of GLONASS on transport was, in fact, the only effective measure to implement it," the source said.

True, according to the "Russian Space Systems," if in 2008 about 10 thousand navigation systems were introduced, then in 2010 there are already about 100 thousand (forecast for 2011 - from 200 thousand). In addition, according to the interlocutor of Kommersant, the ministry had to coordinate for a long time and "make more humane" the very amounts of fines, which "business representatives called during discussions and meetings predatory." "Representatives of the business community during the meetings referred to the fact that the navigation system itself is not too cheap (up to 20 thousand rubles), and high fines for the lack of a navigator can completely damage businesses, especially small ones, for example, small taxi services or forwarding services," he explained.

The Ministry of Transport received an order to introduce administrative responsibility for the absence of GLONASS following a meeting with Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin last summer. According to the minutes of the meeting (dated August 10, 2010 N VP-P7-44pr), the meeting participants came to the conclusion that "the introduction of satellite navigation technologies has begun in the regions of the Russian Federation, however, in general, the level of equipment, as well as the use of... remain low. " In early April this year, Vladimir Putin announced that in 2011 a new federal target program for the development of the GLONASS system will be developed, which will be focused on "the practical introduction of navigation technologies in most sectors of the country's economy." Representative of the federal network operator OJSC Navigation and Information Systems (NIS GLONASS; responsible for the commercialization of the system) assures that "navigation equipment on the Russian market will be enough to ensure the implementation of the state program."

The installation of the ERA GLONASS system (emergency response in case of accidents) for individuals on cars produced before 2013, as explained in mid-April by the representative of the NIS GLONASS Andrei Ionin, will be voluntary for the time being.

The Government of the Russian Federation obliged passenger transportation companies to install GLONASS satellite system equipment or a combined GLONASS GPS system in their vehicles. The corresponding decree was published on the website of the Russian government on September 30, 2011.

In order to improve road safety and reduce mortality in road accidents, the Ministry of Transport, together with the Ministry of Health and Social Development and the Ministry MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS of Industry and Trade Russia , have developed a bill tightening licensing requirements transport for passenger transportation. According to the document, from January 1, 2012, all Russian passenger transport must be equipped with GLONASS or GLONASS/GPS equipment. This rule applies only to public and commercial transport, which carries more than 8 people: buses, minibuses, taxis, etc. The lack of navigation equipment will be considered a gross violation of licensing obligations.

From January 1, 2012, all buses and minibuses (over 8 passenger seats) in Russia must be equipped with a GLONASS or GLONASS GPS monitoring system. The corresponding government decree was issued on September 27, 2011 under number No. 790. Check the presence of satellite navigation equipment will begin at inspection points from July 1. The fine for the absence of GLONASS will be 2.5 thousand rubles. from the driver and 30 thousand rubles. from a legal entity or individual entrepreneurs.

• As of May 2012, the most common use of the GLONASS navigation system in Russia is to control the location of vehicles. The state expects to establish means of monitoring the situation of public transport - plans to equip up to 850 thousand public transport buses and another 300 thousand cars carrying the most dangerous goods with an onboard navigation and safety system. So far, only 10 thousand cars are equipped with appropriate equipment.

Transport monitoring in Moscow

According to information as of May 2012, the Moscow part of the project, the NIS GLONASS national operator of the positioning system, will be implemented jointly with the company M2M Telematics"." As part of this project, which was called the "Green City," up to 22 thousand vehicles will be equipped with navigation equipment, cameras video surveillances and communications. The information received by the control center will not only determine where the buses are located, but also predict their arrival at a specific stop. Some stops will be equipped with special information boards on which this information will be displayed. To Moscow There are already four bus routes in the, which are equipped with all the necessary equipment. It is also planned to supply them with heavy vehicles and even cars. It is assumed that this will make it possible to respond more quickly to road accidents.

Control of transportation of alcoholic beverages in Russia

The Federal Service for the Regulation of the Alcohol Market took control of the transportation of alcohol and alcohol-containing products throughout the Russian Federation. In accordance with the requirements of the Orders of Rosalkogolregulirovanie (RAR) dated September 7, 2012 No. 256 and No. 258 in terms of accounting for traffic volumes, market participants will not be able to obtain a license for the transportation of alcohol if vehicles carrying alcohol are not equipped with special onboard equipment based on GLONASS technologies.

The introduction of navigation technologies will ensure maximum transparency of the process of transportation of alcoholic beverages, thus excluding any manipulation with changes in temperature conditions in tanks or unauthorized drains at all stages of transportation.

The tightening of the rules for the transportation of alcohol by the PAR is associated with increased control over the illegal circulation of alcoholic beverages on the Russian market. According to the federal legal portal law.edu.ru, the income of shadow structures from the sale of illegally produced alcohol is about 20 billion rubles a year.

Alcohol transportation control is the first and most important step towards streamlining the alcohol market, creating uniform and transparent rules for all participants. Previously, the lack of control tools did not allow comprehensive monitoring and prompt suppression of violations related to the transportation of alcohol: from production to filling. Thanks to the developed onboard equipment, this opportunity has appeared.

In accordance with the requirements of Rosalkogolregulirovanie, as well as taking into account the requirements of the Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia No. 285 of July 31, 2012, in terms of improving the safety of dangerous goods transportation, unique explosion-proof equipment based on GLONASS satellite navigation technologies was created. The onboard device operates according to a special algorithm and transmits to the automated transportation control system the completeness of information on the state of liquid in tanks at the stage of flooding/unloading and directly transportation.

Measuring sensors (flow meters and level gauges), which are part of the onboard equipment, allow you to measure the density, temperature and level of alcohol in tanks in real time and with high accuracy, taking into account the slightest deviations.

Joint ventures in Russia

In 2010, Trimble with the state holding "Russian Space Systems" formed a joint (50/50) enterprise "Rusnavgeoset" in order to create a high-precision positioning infrastructure based on GLONASS for civilian consumers in Russia and the CIS. Rusnavgeoset became the first Russian-American satellite navigation enterprise. "The Russian satellite navigation market is open to competition, from which devices for the end consumer ultimately technologically benefit," Trimble said.

Now Rusnavgeoset is completing the development of the GLONASS/GPS/GALILEO navigation receiver for reference stations, is developing software, and is forming commercial offers for customers, the company told CNews. The determining factor in choosing a partner to create a joint venture, according to the representative of Rusnavgeoset Alexander Zubakhin, was not country affiliation, but the company itself: "Trimble has wide international experience, as well as successful experience in creating international joint ventures."

Use outside Russia

2015: GLONASS to host ground stations in China

The GLONASS differential correction and monitoring stations will be located in China, Interfax reports.

"Relevant

documents have been drawn up and signed regulating the placement of stations for the GLONASS differential correction and monitoring system in China," said Andrei Tyulin, general director of Russian Space Systems.

The differential correction and monitoring system provides the satellite navigation system with information on the integrity of the navigation field, as well as on the exact coordinates of the satellites and the frequency-time parameters of the system.

Similar stations to those to be located in China already exist in Russia (19 stations), Antarctica (3 stations) and Brazil (one station). Two more stations are planned to be built in Kazakhstan, one in Belarus.

2014

Equipment for servicing the GLONASS system will be installed in Iran

The GLONASS system will determine the coordinates of the targets with an accuracy of a centimeter after Iran places stations for signal correction. They are auxiliary equipment that allows you to accurately calculate the location of objects at a distance of up to two hundred kilometers from support bases. To ensure the unmistakable functioning of GLONASS, a quantum optical system will also be installed in Iran.

This project is carried out within the framework of extensive Russian-Iranian cooperation in the field of space exploration. The construction of new differential correction and monitoring stations in different parts of the world allows you to significantly improve the quality of GLONASS. By observing the motion of the satellite from such points, significant corrections can be made to the mathematical model that allows you to find out the location of targets on Earth. Accordingly, the more SDMCs monitor the movement of the spacecraft in real time, the more accurately the calculated coordinates will coincide with the real ones.

Not so long ago, GLONASS determined coordinates with an accuracy of no more than 35 meters, two years ago it was brought to about three meters, and as the SDKM spreads across countries and continents, the accuracy will reach almost ideal values. This will significantly simplify the work of transport, rescue services, operational response bodies, bring amateur tourism, local history, and the work of military-patriotic search teams to a qualitatively new level. The work of fishermen, foresters, livestock breeders, who have to move a lot by type of activity, without having any guidelines, will also be noticeably simplified.

In the near abroad, such corrective signal stations will improve the work of GLONASS from the territory of Kazakhstan, Ukraine and Belarus.

Russia is going to cooperate with Cuba in the development of GLONASS

The Government of the Russian Federation submitted in June 2014 to the State Duma a bill on ratification of the agreement between the governments of Russia and Cuba on cooperation in the field of research and the use of outer space for peaceful purposes.

"The agreement is of a framework nature and defines the necessary principles, norms and conditions for the development of bilateral relations in the field of space activities, including on the protection of intellectual property rights, regulation of the protection and exchange of various types of information," the message says.

The agreement meets the interests of the Russian Federation, including those related to the need to install stations of the differential correction and monitoring system of the GLONASS system in the territory of the Republic of Cuba, is added in the certificate to the document.

The GLONASS system in its civil part is designed to generate a navigation signal, with the help of which it is possible to highly accurately determine the coordinates and speed of movement of any mobile objects equipped with system receivers. It also provides solutions to problems in the interests of Russia's security.

The Cabinet of Ministers explained that the agreement with Cuba for its entry into force is subject to ratification, since it "contains different rules" than those prescribed in the current legislation of the country.

The document was considered and approved at a meeting of the Government of the Russian Federation on June 5, 2014.

GLONASS in Chinese territory

A memorandum on the deployment of three GLONASS ground stations on Chinese territory will be signed between Russia and China. In turn, China will place three stations of the Beidou system in the Russian Federation. This was announced to the media yesterday in June 2014 by the deputy head of the Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) Sergei Savelyev. According to him, the memorandum is already ready for signing, and Roscosmos confirms its intention to cooperate and install stations on mutually beneficial terms.

In November 2014, it was reported that Russian Space Systems OJSC (RKS), part of the ORKK, is ready to deploy in China stations of the differential correction and monitoring system (SDKM) of the Russian GLONASS satellite navigation system. RKS presents high-tech developments in the field of navigation, remote sensing of the Earth, communications and security as part of the combined exposition of the ORKK at the China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition (Airshow China 2014).

The placement of stations of the Russian differential correction and monitoring system on the territory of the PRC will increase navigation characteristics for consumers of GLONASS signals. SDKM is a functional addition to the GLONASS satellite navigation system; provides information on the integrity of the navigation field, correcting information to ephemeris (satellite coordinates) and time-frequency parameters, and data on the vertical ionospheric delay value.

High-precision navigation technologies are indispensable in transport and agriculture, in the search and rescue of people, in environmental monitoring, law enforcement and monitoring of complex engineering structures. The operation of delivery services, transport management of banks and collection organizations, optimization of logistics processes, control of the location of equipment are based on modern navigation services.

The demand for Precision Point Positioning (PPP) navigation services is growing, and successful joint work with Chinese partners on the mutual placement of ground correction tools in Russia and China for GLONASS and Chinese Beidou is especially relevant.

As of November 2014, there are 19 SDKM stations in Russia that allow consumers to receive a navigation signal with an accuracy of one meter. Three stations - in Antarctica, one in Brazil, two are planned to open in Kazakhstan and one in Belarus.

Russia and India will cooperate in the field of GLONASS

In October 2014, a meeting of the Russian-Indian Working Group on Trade, Economic and Investment Cooperation took place in Delhi. Representatives of the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Housing, the Central Bank of Russia and the relevant relevant Indian departments discussed promising areas of cooperation between the two countries. The meeting was attended by the head of the international projects service of NP GLONASS Bondarenko Alexander.

Discussing the issues of interaction in the field of navigation technologies based on GLONASS, the parties confirmed that the successful experience of implementing large-scale projects in the field of satellite navigation, developed by the Federal Network Operator in the field of navigation activities of NP GLONASS, can be used in the Republic of India.

As part of the Make in India strategic program, the launch of which was recently announced by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the parties are considering deploying GLONASS-enabled navigation devices in India.

For the introduction of navigation technologies based on GLONASS in India, priority areas were chosen:

• management of the forces and means of the police and special services;
• establishment of a national emergency response system for accidents;
• creation of systems for control and effective management of municipal transportation, as well as ensuring the safety of passengers;
• creation of control systems for commercial vehicles;
• introduction of navigation technologies in the activities of insurance companies;
• monitoring the state of stationary and natural objects;
• construction of road toll systems.

Issues of cooperation between Russia and India, including in the field of satellite navigation technologies, will be considered on November 5 during a regular meeting of the Intergovernmental Russian-Indian Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific, Technical and Cultural Cooperation chaired by Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin and Foreign Minister of the Republic of India Sushma Swaraj.

In December 2014, as part of the official visit of President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin to India, a number of agreements were signed aimed at strengthening cooperation between the two countries. One of them was a memorandum of understanding between the GLONASS Non-Profit Partnership and the Indian company Eirene Systems Private Limited (ESPL).

According to the signed memorandum, the parties will expand and strengthen cooperation in the field of joint development of satellite navigation systems and geoinformation systems through the joint development, production and implementation of solutions, technologies and products in this area. The integration of efforts will contribute to the successful implementation of projects for the implementation of GLONASS-based navigation and information services in India.

To develop projects using navigation projects, a joint Russian-Indian enterprise will be created. The organization will be engaged in the production of equipment and the introduction of navigation and information systems.

Within the framework of the joint venture, it is planned to deploy a national navigation platform to provide consumers with navigation and information services based on GLONASS. Priority projects can be "Safe Bus," modernization of police forces and means, a solution for controlling railway transportation, and management of supply chains. It is also planned to discuss R&D to create a navigation receiver with support for the Russian GLONASS and Indian IRNSS using 40 nm technology.

2013: How the CIA and Pentagon secured a GLONASS ban in the US

At the end of 2013, US President Barack Obama signed a defense spending law that effectively prohibits the construction of Russian GLONASS stations on American territory^[20].

For stations to be allowed into US territory, the Secretary of Defense and Director of National Intelligence must assure Congress that the facilities will not be used for intelligence activities against the US and will only transmit open data. At the same time, the GLONASS system should not increase the efficiency of Russian weapons and weaken the position of the American GPS system in the market.

In November 2013, the New York Times wrote that the CIA and the Pentagon officially appealed to the US State Department with a request to prevent the construction of monitoring centers for the Russian GLONASS satellite system in the United States. The military and special services argued their position with fears that with the help of monitoring centers, Russia could spy on secret objects and increase the accuracy of control of its missiles.

A RBC source at the Energomash engine-building enterprise located in Khimki near Moscow said that an option was signed with the United States in 1997 to supply 101 RD-180 engines designed for American Atlas missiles. The approximate value of the contract is $1 billion. The buyer is the American company United Launch Alliance (a joint venture between Lockheed Martin and Boeing). The option, according to the interlocutor of RBC, is calculated until 2020, to date it has been fulfilled by about 70%.

As part of the option, the source continued, of 70 engines transferred to the American side, about 40 have already launched the Atlas-5 rocket into orbit. According to an employee of the NPO Energomash, there are also already agreements with the American side on the supply of 29 more engines to them in the period until 2017. The cost of one engine at the moment, according to the source, is approximately 10-15 million dollars.

Russia sent a request to the United States for the construction of GLONASS stations in May 2012. Roscosmos planned to place eight stations there. The development of the GLONASS system began in the 1970s, and was fully commissioned by the Ministry of Defense in 1993. Russia was ahead of this American competitor - GPS, which was officially recognized as ready for operation two years later - in 1995.

In November 2014, under sanctions, the United States abandoned negotiations with Russia on the deployment of GLONASS navigation system stations on American territory. Russia will uphold the ban on the use of GPS stations in our country for military purposes, but there will be no new restrictions. This was announced by Deputy Prime Minister of Russia Dmitry Rogozin in an interview with IAR "TASS."

In total, 11 GPS stations operate in Russia. They are located in the Kaluga and Sverdlovsk regions, Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Sakha - Yakutia, Irkutsk, Magadan, South Sakhalin, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Ground stations are used to clarify coordinates, but disabling them will not disrupt the functioning of the GPS system, an official of one of the relevant US departments said earlier. You can distort the transmission of the signal, reduce accuracy, but it is impossible to turn it off, said a person close to the Pentagon.

2011

Swedes: GLONASS works better than GPS

Swedish company Swepos, a national network of satellite reference stations providing real-time positioning data, said GLONASS performed better in northern latitudes than GPS, Reuters reported.

Data from satellites obtained through Swepos reference stations is provided to companies for solving problems that require exact coordinates: for example, for geodetic services, compiling geographical databases, studying the movement of the earth's crust with millimetre accuracy.

"It (GLONASS system, - approx. CNews) works a little better in the northern latitudes, because the orbits of its satellites are located higher, and we see them better than GPS satellites," said Bo Jonsson, deputy head of the Swepos geodetic research unit. He also noted that 90% of their customers use GLONASS in combination with GPS.

It is worth noting that the Swedish company has been using the Russian navigation system for several years: for example, in 2006, the Swepos network totaled 120 stations with GLONASS and GPS receivers.

As of April 2011, 23 GLONASS satellites are operating in orbit. 24 satellites are needed for global coverage. By the end of the year, Putin demanded to bring the number of spacecraft in the group to 29-30.

Americans and British embed GLONASS in their chips

Chips with GLONASS support for consumer devices are being prepared by several Western microelectronics manufacturers at once: in addition to the French STMicroelectronics, Atheros (USA), Broadcom (USA) and CSR (UK) became interested in the Russian navigation system.

Steve Chang, director of the Chinese navigator manufacturer Mio for the EMEA region, told CNews that his company is already negotiating the supply of GLONASS chips for use in navigators with the listed suppliers from the USA and Great Britain.

Atheros, whose main focus is the development of Wi-Fi chips for computers and laptops, confirmed to CNews that a number of their new GPS solutions will support GLONASS. Company spokesman Greg Wood said that these solutions are planned to be announced in the near future. Product specifications have not yet been disclosed.

In early 2010, Qualcomm, a manufacturer of processors for mobile devices that has already introduced chips with GLONASS, announced the purchase of Atheros for $3.1 billion. One of the models is used in a Chinese smartphone ZTE - at the end of December 2010 it was demonstrated to Prime Minister Vladimir Putin as the first device of its kind with GLONASS. smartphone It will start selling in spring MTS under its own brand.

The GLONASS-enabled solution is on the list of products that Broadcom, a developer of communication chips, plans to introduce in 2011. In particular, the company's roadmap announced a model of a multifunctional monolithic chip with support for GLONASS, GPS and Japanese QZSS navigation systems.

SirF (since 2009 - as part of the CRS group of companies), specializing in the development of chipsets and software for consumer navigation devices, announced a few years ago its intentions to release solutions with support for all commercially profitable navigation systems, including GLONASS. SirF Marketing Director Greg Turetzky noted an increase in demand for GLONASS equipment in the global and Russian markets.

2010

As of August 2010, the market for devices with the ability to navigate in the GLONASS system is expanding in the United States. The reason for this is the Russian policy, which is being pursued in this direction. "Russia supports a long-term policy of open and free access to GLONASS signals around the world. As a result, satellite navigation equipment companies use GLONASS in their solutions, "a Trimble spokesman told CNews.

It is known that support for the Russian navigation system leads to a significant increase in the cost of devices. GPS receivers of the American Trimble Net-G3 series can be bought in Russia from the Prin distributor for 255 thousand rubles. (August 2010), and similar devices with GLONASS and European GALILEO support - for 295 thousand rubles.

Support for two or more systems provides tangible advantages in the accuracy and reliability of coordinate determination, as well as independence from the availability of signals of one single satellite system. Equipment with the ability to navigate in the GLONASS Trimble system has been selling since 2006,

Devices with support for navigation in the GLONASS system are already offered by other foreign manufacturers: for example, Japanese Topcon, Swiss Leica Geosystems, Canadian Novatel (a subsidiary of Swedish Hexagon) and SkyWave Mobile Communication, Belgian Septentrio. The product lines of these companies include receivers or terminals for industrial use equipped with the GLONASS GPS module. They are used for engineering and construction tasks, in geodesy, cartography, agriculture.

In geodesy, navigation receivers are used in the construction and design of geodetic networks, land surveying and surveying, to observe deformations of the ground surface. In agriculture, they can be used, for example, in the introduction of precision agriculture, which assumes that agrotechnical operations, for example, the application of fertilizers, are carried out not evenly, as in traditional agriculture, but differentiated for each point of the field.

The growing interest of foreigners in GLONASS is confirmed by Alexander Gurko, General Director of the Russian federal GLONASS operator Navigation Information Systems (NIS). More and more Western and Asian manufacturers of navigation equipment, according to him, equip their GLONASS products or consider the following possibility: "This market has great potential, which is why it is interesting to foreigners."

Gurko does not see the risk that foreigners will take away the GLONASS device market from Russia. Moreover, according to the general director of NIS, the release of technology outside the country is necessary for its development. "In no case should this market be limited to foreign manufacturers: as you know, technologies whose use is only local in nature are more likely to become unviable over time," he said. "The state is interested in spreading this technology around the world."

Notes