China City in Moscow

Main article: Moscow

Red Square

Main article: Red Square

History

Main article: History of Moscow

1991

American musical group Metallica, Moscow, 1991.

1978

Group "Boni M" on Vasilievsky Spusk during a tour in Moscow, December 1978.

Cathedral of the Znamensky Monastery on Varvarka, 1970s. The Rossiya Hotel, which stands to the left, has now been demolished.

1941

Kitaigorod wall in Zaryadye along the embankment

1940-1941]]

1938: Demolition of buildings on Vasilyevskaya Square for the construction of a new Moskvoretsky bridge

Demolition of buildings on Vasilievskaya Square for the construction of a new Moskvoretsky bridge, 1930s

1934

Nikolskaya Tower Kitay-Gorod. Year: 1934

1930

View of the Kitaigorod Wall from the inside. Directions from Lubyanskaya Square to Mal.Cherkassky Lane (right). 1925-1930.

View of the Kitaigorod Wall from Barbarian Square. Year: 1925-1930

1927

Inner passage of the wall of Kitai-Gorod towards the Vladimir Gate, 1920s

1925: Communal apartment in the Barbarian Tower

Barbarian Tower on Barbarian Gate Square. The tower is residential, the stove is heated. Until the demolition, it had a large communal apartment, 1925

1917

Ilyin Gate Kitai-Gorod, 1911-1917

1913

View of the house of the Romanov boyars from Pskov Lane. Moscow. Photographer K.A. Fisher, 1913

1912

Resurrection Gate of China City (Iver Gate), 1912 Author: K. Bullah

Nikolsky Gate (aka Vladimir or Sretensky Gate) of the Kitai City, the Church of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God and the Chapel of St. Panteleimon. The gates served as milks of passage and passage from Nikolskaya Street to the old Lubyanskaya Square. 1912 g

1910

Vladimir (Nikolsky) Gate in 1900-1910 - an unsaved structure in the walls of Kitai-Gorod in Moscow, which opened the passage and passage from Nikolskaya Street to the old Lubyanskaya Square.

1898

Trade walls of the Moscow Kremlin, 1898

Vasilievskaya Square. 1898. Photo by Peter Pavlov.

1889

Resurrection Gate Kitai-Gorod, 1880-1889

1887

3rd view of Kitai-gorod, 1887

View of Ilyinka (from the exchange to the Kremlin), 1887. Author: "Scherer, Nabgolts and K"

1886

Old Middle trading rows on Varvarka. By Scherer, Nabgolz and Co. 1886

Middle city rows (view along Khrustalny Lane from Varvarka). 1883-1886 Author: "Scherer, Nabgolz and K"

Middle city rows - view along Ilyinka from the northeast corner, 1886

Author: "Scherer, Nabgolz & K"]]

Upper city rows - Middle Transverse Passage (from the monument to Minin and Pozharsky), 1886 Author: "Scherer, Nabgolts and K"

1884

Vladimir Gate, 1884

View from Theater Square to Kitai Gorod. Moscow. 1884. Engraving by Scherer Nabgolz and K in Moscow. Source: Naydenov. "Moscow. Views of some urban areas, temples, notable buildings and other structures, "page 45.

1852: Map

City Police Unit in Khotev Atlas (1852)

1737: The Great Fire. About a hundred people died, a quarter of the city's buildings burned down

In 1737, on the feast of the Trinity in Moscow, there was a big fire, which contemporaries nicknamed the Veliky. The Kremlin, the houses and shops of Kitai-Gorod and the White City were on fire. This fire killed about a hundred people and about a quarter of the urban development, which was still wooden.

1675: Map

Reconstruction of the map according to data for 1675. Click to open the map in high resolution

1638: Plan of Adam Olearius

Plan of the Russian capital of Moscow from the book of Adam Olearius, 1638.

1538: Construction of the Kitaigorod Wall

Kitaigorod Wall, Bird Tower appeared in the reign of Ivan the Terrible's mother, Elena Glinskaya. The stone wall was erected in 1538 under the leadership of the Italian architect Petrok Maly.

The ancient structure was built taking into account the protection against artillery, which since the construction of the Kremlin in the 1480-1490s has become more powerful. Using the example of the Bird Tower and the nearby section of the wall behind the Metropol Hotel, you can imagine what the walls of Kitai-Gorod looked like. They were wider and lower than the Kremlin ones (it would be too expensive to build thick walls higher), with several levels of loopholes. In addition, the walls are not sheer, but deviating either backwards or forward for a rebound of nuclei.

Part of the white stone foundation of the Varvara Tower has been preserved in the underpass to the Kitay-Gorod metro station. Petrok used burnt red brick for construction, the base of the wall was made of white stone (limestone).

The fortress was impressive in size: more than two and a half kilometers in length. The wall began from the Corner Arsenal Tower and ended at the Beklemishev Tower. Kremlin It included 14 towers, of which seven were with gates.

The Kitaygorod Wall was built to defend the residential and commercial area of ​ ​ the city - the Great Posad. There were four main streets: Nikolskaya, Ilyinka, Varvarka and Velikaya, which took place in the middle of the modern Zaryadye park.

The Bird Tower is the only surviving tower of the ancient Kitaigorod Wall. Initially, the Bird Tower was probably unnamed, and received its modern name much later from the Poultry Museum located in the neighboring Round Tower. According to another version, the tower received such a name for its appearance - at the beginning of the 19th century it was decorated with dovetail teeth, as on the walls of the Kremlin. You can enter the tower through the arch in the western building of the Tretyakov passage.

The Kitaygorod wall was destroyed in the 1930s, a year after its restoration under the leadership of architects Nikolai Vinogradov and Dmitry Sukhov.

In addition to a fragment of the wall behind the Metropol Hotel (you can climb it by entering the building of the Russian State University of the Humanities from Nikolskaya Street) and the Bird Tower, there was still a section of the wall in Kitaygorodsky Passage. Only its lower part with loopholes of the lower battle was preserved here. The upper combat course was reconstructed already during the construction of the Rossiya Hotel. And after the opening of the Zaryadye park, access was opened here and an exhibition of small arms of the Moscow kingdom was organized.

1450: Archeology Maps

Map of archaeological finds in Moscow for centuries at the Museum of Archeology