Bowel cancer (colorectal cancer)

Main article: Cancer (cancer)

Incidence

In Russia

2024: In Moscow, the share of colorectal cancer detections in the early stages in 3 years increased from 40% to 54%

In Moscow, the share of colorectal cancer detections in the early stages in 3 years increased from 40% to 54%. Such data at the end of August 2024 led to the metropolitan mayor's office.

They also said that if a small neoplasm is detected, doctors can remove it right during the study. Depending on the size, they can also refer the patient to the hospital to receive the necessary surgical treatment. In turn, tissue samples are sent to one of the Moscow specialized pathomorphological laboratories for research to determine the nature of the neoplasm

2019: 28K new cases

According to 2020 data Russia cancer , 25-30 thousand patients a year are detected in the colon. In Russia, a third of cases of bowel cancer are determined posthumously. One of the main reasons for the lethality of these patients is late diagnosis due to the patient's fear of seeking medical attention.

For example, according to the results of 2019, in the Moscow region every year 25 thousand Russians are diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm, of which about 1,500 people suffer from colorectal cancer. This is below the average for Russia: 20 patients with CRC per 100 thousand people against 29. In total, 12,297 residents are registered in the Moscow region with colon cancer.

In the world

2021: 1.4 million new cases per year

As of September 2022 ^[1], approximately 1.4 million new cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) are diagnosed annually in the world, which is 10% of all detected malignancies, and in the structure of mortality from cancer it is in second place.

2018: 881K deaths

In 2018 , 881,000 deaths of this disease were recorded in the world, and the five-year survival rate of patients with metastatic lesion is only 11%.

Risk factors

The main risk factors for colorectal cancer are alcohol, smoking, unbalanced nutrition.

Antibiotics increase your risk of developing bowel cancer. Oxford University study

In January 2023, it became known that antibacterial drugs for oral administration increase the risk of developing bowel cancer. Experts revealed this connection by analyzing data for 1989-2012 and for 11.3 million people. Read more here.

Antibiotic abuse raises bowel cancer risk by 50%

Antibiotic abuse increases the risk of developing bowel cancer by 50%, especially in people under 50. This was reported in early July 2021 at the World Congress on Malignant Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract of the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO-GI).

To our knowledge, this is the first study to link antibiotic use to an increasing risk of early colon cancer - a disease that has been growing at a rate of at least 3% per year for the past two decades. Junk food, sugary drinks, obesity and alcohol likely played a role in this growth, but our data highlight the importance of avoiding unnecessary antibiotics, particularly in children and young adults, noted researcher Sarah Perrott of the University of Aberdeen.

Overuse of antibiotics raises bowel cancer risk by 50%

Using a large Scottish primary care database of up to 2m people, the study looked at around 8,000 people with bowel (colon and rectal) cancer, researchers matched the findings with a history of people without oncology. Antibiotic use was found to be associated with an increased risk of colon cancer for all ages, but the risk was increased by almost 50% in people under 50, compared with 9% in the over-50 group.

In the younger group, the use of antibiotics from the quinol, sulfanilamide and trimethoprim class (broad spectrum drugs) was associated with the development of cancer of the first part of the colon (right side).

The researchers now want to investigate whether there is a link between antibiotic use and changes in the microbiome that potentially affect gut vulnerability to cancer development. After that, it will be possible to accurately talk about the presence of a causal relationship.^[2]

How the disease proceeds

Despite the fact that cancer tumors of the intestines develop rather slowly, this type of cancer is almost asymptomatic, which dramatically increases its lethality. Due to late diagnosis, mortality in bowel cancer reaches 20% within a year from the moment of detection of the disease.

The tumor found before the metastases spread is easily removed and the patient returns to a normal, healthy life. Symptoms are noticeable only in stages III and IV.

The ten-year survival rate for those diagnosed in the early stages is 95%. Mirror situation with advanced cancer. The chances of living for 5 years, if diagnosed at stage IV, do not exceed 10%. Treatment is reduced to severe drug and radiation therapy, complex extended operations, to the leveling of painful pains. The guarantor of health, despite the development of medicine, still remains preventive examinations.

2021: Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation: 30% of colon cancer patients die in the year of diagnosis

Almost a third of colorectal patients cancer Russia in die in the year of diagnosis. At the end of November 2021, the chief freelance coloproctologist of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health , academician RAS Yuri Shelygin, spoke about this.

There is such an indicator as one-year mortality, that is, this year [the disease] was revealed, and in the same year a person died. As for colorectal cancer, we have a fairly high [mortality rate] in our country: about 30% die per year of detection, "he said (quoted by TASS).

The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation reported that 30% of patients with colon cancer die in the year of diagnosis

According to him, in the Sverdlovsk region the situation is slightly better - 24% of patients with a malignant tumor of the large intestine die in the year of diagnosis. But there are regions even lower, where screening is carried out for several years, and this figure is reduced to 18%, Shelygin said.

He noted that in countries where oncoscrining is widespread, mortality from this type of cancer is approaching 10%.

The Minister of Health of the Sverdlovsk Region Andrei Karlov at the round table "Population Screening - A Way to Solve the Problem of Colorectal Cancer" at the end of November 2021 said that colorectal cancer occupies a leading position in mortality among both men and women. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out as many activities as possible to identify it in the early stages. It is early detection that allows you to achieve successful results in treatment.

The annual incidence of colorectal cancer reaches one million cases, and the annual mortality rate exceeds 500 thousand people.

At the end of November 2021, a joint working group of the American College of Gastroenterologists (ACG), the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) and the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) updated the recommendations for colorectal cancer screening. It is recommended to start screening from the age of 45.^[3]

Diagnostics

2024: Skolkovo residents agree to integrate their own solutions to improve early diagnosis of bowel cancer

Platform Third Opinion"" and, EVA Lab"" Skolkovo residents signed a memorandum of cooperation. The main tasks will be the integration of development Polyptron.Ai into the contour educational PTM platform and the sale of sales of EVA Lab products. This was Skolkovo reported on July 12, 2024. More. here

2023: Self-propelled robot endoscope developed to screen for bowel cancer

On July 21, 2023, it became known that a team of scientists from Imperial College London developed self-propelled robot endoscope that could change the technology of the conduct. screening cancer intestines The device as a whole is designed to significantly increase patient comfort during screening. More. here

2022: Russia has created technology that will help in the treatment of colon cancer

In Russia, as it became known in July 2022, they created a technology that will help in the treatment of colon cancer. We are talking about the joint development of scientists from the Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNIPU) and Iranian specialists.

They developed a mathematical model that allows you to mimic the flow of chymus (the contents of the intestines, consisting of partially digested food, gastric and intestinal juices) in the body, taking into account the wave-like contraction of the intestinal walls. This development will help to study the mechanisms of intestinal diseases and predict the course of the disease.

Russia has created a technology that will help in the treatment of colon cancer

Every year in the world cancer 300 thousand people die from the colon. One of the reasons for the development of this disease is poor nutrition. Abuse of fats and refined carbohydrates with a small amount of plant fiber leads to an increased viscosity of partially digested food - chymus. Slowing the course of the chemus creates conditions for longer contact of carcinogens with the mucous membrane of the colon. This leads to the emergence of the disease. Since such processes are difficult to study in laboratory conditions, modern mathematical and computer models come to the rescue. The development of scientists of the Perm Polytechnic will allow you to take into account the individual characteristics of the patient based on data radiation diagnostics (MRI images and ultrasound).

Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences of PNIPU Alexei Kuchumov noted that an interdisciplinary approach to solving the problem of colon oncology involves the participation of not only the medical community, but also representatives of technical and physical and mathematical sciences.

{{quote 'A personalized model of the course of chemus in the intestine will allow taking into account the motility and electrophysiology of the intestine. The clinical applications of the model will aid in the diagnosis of colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as imaging of colon disorders. Colleagues from other countries have already joined the project, - said Alexey Kuchumov^[4] }}

2020: Many countries celebrate colorectal cancer "rejuvenation"

According to data for 2020, in many countries there is a "rejuvenation" of colorectal cancer, more than 10% of cases are observed in people under the age of 50. Therefore, the first colonoscopy is recommended at 45, and not at 50 years. Colonoscopy is the most reliable method of cancer screening.

Treatment

2023

Russia cured last-stage bowel cancer using 3D vascular modeling

Doctors from Sechenov University successfully coped with stage four colon cancer with liver metastases in a 74-year-old patient. This breakthrough was achieved by joint efforts of innovative surgical methods and modern drugs, the press service of the university said in August 2023.

The elderly patient went to the surgical department of the University Clinical Hospital No. 4 of Sechenov University with a diagnosis of stage 4 colon cancer with metastases in the liver. Treatment was planned in three stages: initial removal of the tumor and lesions in the left lobe of the liver, subsequent course of chemotherapy, followed by removal of the metastatic right lobe of the liver.

Doctors from Sechenov University successfully coped with stage four colon cancer with liver metastases in a 74-year-old patient

Before the operation, a standard procedure was carried out - 3D modeling of vessels for a more accurate planning of the procedure and assessment of vessel intersection. This approach provides physicians with a deeper understanding of the patient's anatomy, which reduces the time of surgery and reduces its impact on the body.

The surgery itself was performed by laparoscopy through several small incisions. The process began by removing liver metastases using argonoplasma coagulation to prevent bleeding. An area of the intestine with the tumor and surrounding lymph nodes was then removed. Thanks to the minimalist approach, the postoperative period was successful: the patient began to walk the next day, and a week later he was discharged.

Subsequently, chemotherapy courses with the use of modern targeted drugs were used. Treatment was selected based on tumor type and patient genome features. Effective treatment reduced liver metastases so much that removal of the entire right lobe of the liver became optional. For additional confidence, secondary surgery was performed, while maintaining the maximum amount of healthy liver tissue.

Specialists used an interdisciplinary approach, collaborating with chemotherapists, radiation diagnostics and pathomorphologists in the development of a treatment plan. Based on genetic research and analysis of data from various diagnostic methods, physicians create a comprehensive vision of the disease by determining the best course of action.^[5]

A unique technique for removing colorectal cancer has begun to be used in Russia

In July 2023, it became known that a unique technique for removing colorectal cancer without a large incision on the abdomen began to be used. This is the development of specialists from the Clinic of Faculty Surgery No. 2 of the University Clinical Hospital No. 4 (UKB No. 4) of Sechenov University.

To create a new technique, scientists combined two technologies. Doctors enter the retroperitoneal space using the Single Access System (SILS) - a special device thanks to which three instruments are introduced through one small incision. This avoids the use of carbon dioxide and problems associated with adhesions or overweight of the patient.

A unique technique for removing colorectal cancer has begun to be used in Russia

The basis of this technique was proposed by the colorectal surgeon from Great Britain Tarek S. Honey, but in a simplified version. Doctors at Sechenov University modified and improved the method using vascular skeletization. They isolated all the vessels that go to the removable area of ​ ​ the intestine, and crossed only the artery that supplies the tumor.

A new minimally invasive technique for the operation of colorectal cancer reduces the time spent in the hospital and allows more patients to perform gentle operations. In the future, this method can be implemented in hospitals throughout Russia.

Work on the new method is carried out by doctors of the surgical department No. 2 under the leadership of the head - surgeon, coloproctologist, oncologist, associate professor of the Department of Faculty Surgery No. 2 named after G.I. Lukomsky Sergey Efetov. According to him, the skeletization of vessels in the clinics of Sechenov University has been used for a long time. But if earlier surgeons performed it only from the abdominal cavity, now they have performed it for the first time from the retroperitoneal space, he explained.^[6]

2022

A Norwegian company has created a drug that cures colorectal cancer. The first person has already recovered

On August 25, 2022, the Norwegian company Oncoinvent AS, which is in the clinical stage of the development of therapy with alpha emitters in various types of cancer, announced that the first patient with colorectal cancer in a phase 2A RAD-18-002 clinical trial received treatment with the candidate drug Radspherin. Read more here.

Standard chemotherapy regimens

Standard chemotherapy regimens for mCRC in 2022 include fluoropyrimidine in combination with irinotecan and/or oxaliplatin; targeted therapy targeting endothelial growth factor receptors or epidermal growth factor receptors is also often used.

Notes