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GDP
2023
20 years of GDP contraction since 1951
GDP per capita - $536.92
2020: Trade with Russia accounts for 4.7% of Sudan's GDP
Inflation
2022: Inflation in November - 103%
Power
2025
2020: Very low energy consumption per capita
and
2019: Electrification rate 47%
Mining
2025
7th in gold mining in Africa - 50 tons
UAE develops infrastructure for the export of gold from Sudan, under the control of the RBU
Sudan's prolonged civil war forces both sides of the conflict to seek external sources of funding in 2025. While the authorities in Khartoum are betting on partners from Russia, Iran and other non-Western countries, the militants of the Rapid Response Forces (RBU), which control the western regions, are actively trading in gold - and this is what their war economy is built on.
The main hub for gold mining and export is located in Northern Kordofan, in the area of the village of Umm Badr. Over the past two years, active construction of infrastructure has begun here - primarily runways. The first full-fledged runway with a length of 3 km appeared by the end of 2023. According to satellite images, in March 2025 a small cargo plane took off from it - presumably with gold. By mid-May, there were already at least five such lanes in the region. The last of them was built in just five days - from May 7 to 12, 2025.
The mined gold is sent to the UAE - the main sponsor of the RBU. Emirati gold miners linked to the political establishment trade gold for weapons and equipment that are being transported to Sudan through Chad. In addition to supplies, the UAE also provides logistics through the upgraded Kauda and Nyala airports.
Over the past two years, external sponsors of the militants, represented mainly by the UAE, have helped them build and upgrade several air harbors throughout the territory under their control. These air hubs serve not only to export gold, but also to supply combat groups in the central part of the country.
As a result, the entire SBR system is built on gold feed. Until this flow is blocked, it is hardly possible to talk about a quick victory for the armed forces.
After the May strikes by government forces on Nyala, militants installed air defense and electronic warfare systems at the former UN base in order to complicate Khartoum's air strikes and increase the survivability of their logistics channels.
1848: Kovalevsky mission uncovers gold deposits in Sudan and organizes its mining
In 1848, a Russian mission led by traveler, writer, diplomat and orientalist Yegor Kovalevsky arrived on the territory of modern Sudan (before British colonization, these territories were controlled by Egypt, which was part of the Ottoman Empire). The goal of the mission was to search for gold deposits: the Russians managed to find gold deposits at the foot of the Kossan mountains and build a gold washing factory.
Later, the Russians discovered a new deposit in the upper Tumat River. The factories continued to function under the guidance of trained Egyptian engineers in the Urals.
Foreign trade
2025
Growth of Russian exports of agro-industrial complex to Sudan 2.3 times to $410 million
For the calendar year 2025, Russia supplied 1.7 million tons of agro-industrial complex products to Sudan in the amount of about $410 million. In comparison with 2024, the volume of supplies increased 2.3 times both in physical and value terms. This is evidenced by expert data released in January 2026. Wheat occupies a dominant position in the structure of Russian supplies of agricultural products - more than $408 million. The import of active yeast (more than $570 thousand), wheat or rye-wheat flour (more than $260 thousand) was also carried out[1]
RBU militants seize Heglig, a key hub of the country's oil infrastructure on the border with South Sudan
In December 2025, the Rapid Reaction Force seized the Heglig oil field, a key hub of the country's entire oil infrastructure.
Heglig is located on the border of South Kordofan and South Sudan and plays a critical role for the economies of both countries: there are about 75 wells, processing facilities and a section of the export pipeline leading to Port Sudan.
South Sudanese troops, previously patrolling the fields along with the Sudanese army, actually missed the militants. The decision was dictated by pragmatism, since the whole of South Sudan depends on oil revenues and the authorities in Juba feared for the safety of the pipeline.
2024: Growth in oil supplies from Russia
2023:79% of wheat supplies come from Russia and Ukraine
2020:75% of wheat imports fall on Russia and Ukraine
R&D
2020: R&D expenses - $281 million
Sudan IT Market
2022: More than 1 start-up
Transport
2025: Rail gauge - 1067 mm
Unemployment
2020: Unemployment rate - 25%
Consumption
2023: Beef is the most consumed type of meat
2019
Hunger
Low rice consumption: 1.2 kg per person per year
2018
Vegetable consumption - 79 kg per capita
There is a ban on the sale of alcohol
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