Oil and gas production in Turkey

Main article: Economy of Turkey

Gas pipelines

• Turkish Stream (TurkStream)

Oil pipelines

The route of oil pipelines from Azerbaijan and Iraq and the epicenter of the earthquake in Turkey in 2023

History

2024: Turkey starts exporting natural gas to Europe for the first time

In early June 2024, Turkey announced that it had first begun exporting natural gas to Europe. In addition, Turkmen gas supplies to European countries through Turkey are reportedly being prepared.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan announced the shipment of natural gas to Europe, TRT Haber TV channel reports. Relevant agreements were signed in 2023. According to the head of state, this event is a "big step" in achieving the goal of turning Turkey into an international center for energy trade.

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Reuters

Botas began exporting gas to Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania. For the first time, we export gas to two European countries that are not our neighbors, Erdogan said.

In addition, he noted that the beginning of the supply of natural gas, which will be produced in, to Turkmenistan Turkey and further to Europe, is only a matter of time. Among the countries of the former Soviet Union, Turkmenistan ranks second Russia after gas reserves. The country has the technical capabilities to deliver gas to Europe through an extensive network of pipelines passing through,, and Kazakhstan. Russia Belarus Ukraine In addition, Turkmenistan can export gas to the neighboring one through Iran two direct pipelines. At the same time, Turkmenistan's main export market is. China

The long-term cooperation, including the projects of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan, Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum and the Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline (TANAP) pipelines, not only benefited Turkey and Azerbaijan, but also made a significant contribution to the energy security of the region and Europe. The delivery of gas from Turkmenistan to Turkey and Europe and the expansion of TANAP capacity is only a matter of time, Erdogan stressed.[1]

2023: Gas production begins at the largest field in the Black Sea

The discovery of a gas field in Turkey sets the stage for President Erdogan's pre-election energy push. On April 20, 2023, Turkey will start producing natural gas from the largest field in the Black Sea, which will give President Recep Tayyip Erdogan the opportunity to reduce consumer energy prices less than a month before the election.

2022

Reduction of gas imports by 7% to 54.662 billion cubic meters

In 2022, Turkey reduced natural gas imports by about 7% to 54.662 billion cubic meters. Such data are provided in a report published at the end of February 2023 by the country's Energy Market Regulatory Council (EPDK).

It is noted that the negative dynamics is associated with the current macroeconomic situation and the rise in energy prices. Imports of pipeline gas in 2022 decreased by 11% - to 39.491 billion cubic meters. At the same time, purchases of liquefied natural gas (LNG) rose by 8%, amounting to 15.171 billion cubic meters.

Turkey slashes pipeline gas imports but increases purchases of liquefied natural gas

In 2022, Turkey sharply reduced gas imports from Russia: supplies fell by about 18%. If in 2021 the purchases of Russian gas from the Gazprom energy holding amounted to 26.341 billion cubic meters, then in 2022 - 21.575 billion cubic meters. The bulk of Russian gas came to Turkey through pipelines - approximately 15 billion cubic meters. The remaining volume fell on LNG. It is Russia that is one of the key suppliers of natural gas to Turkey: according to the results of 2022, the Russian Federation accounted for about 40% of the total volume of purchases.

In general, gas consumption in Turkey in 2022 decreased by about 11%, amounting to 53.278 billion cubic meters. The energy segment recorded a decrease in demand by about 30% - to 14.47 billion cubic meters. On the other hand, consumption in the residential sector rose by 8%, reaching 18 billion cubic meters.

Due to the intensification of the global energy crisis, natural gas supplies to Turkey fluctuated greatly during 2022. The maximum indicators were recorded at the beginning and end of the year, while in other periods there was a sharp drop in imports. The bulk of gas is imported into the country by the state monopoly Botas: it is estimated to account for about 95% of supplies.^[2]

Discovery of 58 bcm gas field in the Black Sea

In December 2022, Turkish President Erdogan said that Turkey had discovered a new gas field in the Black Sea with a volume of 58 billion cubic meters. Together with him, gas reserves on the shelf in Turkish waters are now estimated at 710 billion cubic meters, their estimated value is about $1 trillion.

Proven reserves of Black Sea gas can cover 33-year demand of the Turkish population, Minister of power Fatih Donmez said in January 2023. The goal is to reach the maximum level of gas production in the Black Sea within four years, which will reduce the import of'blue fuel' by 30%.

Discovery of the oil field for $12 billion

On December 12, 2022, it became known that Turkey opened an oil field with reserves of about 150 million barrels in the southeast of the country. The total cost of the "black gold" located here is estimated at $12 billion.

The discovery of the site was announced by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who previously said that there is good news regarding the exploration of oil fields. According to him, this event is one of the 10 largest discoveries made on land in 2022.

Turkey opened a new oil field for $12 billion

Шаблон:Quote 'Turkey discovered 150 million barrels of net oil reserves in the area of ​ ​ Mount Gabar (Shirnak province in the southeast of the country). The cost of reserves is about $12 billion, Erdogan said. Earlier, the Turkish president announced the discovery of the Cukurova field in the south of the country. It was said that in monetary terms, oil reserves here amount to $1 billion. Later, the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of the country said that the deposit would produce up to 8.0 million barrels of "black gold."

In general, Turkey is becoming a major player in the global market when it comes to energy supplies. In 2020, Turkey opened the Sakarya gas field on the Black Sea shelf. Initially, its reserves were estimated at 320 billion cubic meters. m, but then 540 bcm was reported. m. Theoretically, the field is able to cover world gas needs for almost half a century - 45 years. Erdogan said that the discovery of the field will be a new era in the history of Turkey. This site will provide an opportunity not only to solve the problems of energy shortage, but also to significantly improve the financial situation of the country due to gas exports. At the initial stage, the production volume will be 10 million cubic meters. m per day, and subsequently the production is planned to increase.^[3]

2020: Azerbaijan squeezes Russia in Turkey's gas and oil markets

By September 2020, Gazprom"" completely lost the gas market. Turkey In fact, deliveries on "" To the Turkish stream stopped, and the "Blue Stream," standing for planned repairs, was never launched.

Russian gas Turkey replaces raw materials from, Azerbaijan which has become the largest supplier to the country. Over the past six months, Azerbaijan exported 8.7 billion cubic meters of gas. The supply of fuel from the Shah Deniz field to Turkey through the Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline in January-August approached 3 billion cubic meters.

Now Azerbaijan occupies 23.5% of the Turkish market share Iran - 14.2%, and in terms of liquefied natural gas supplies, it entered the first lines Qatar. in the Algeria Russia list of suppliers dropped to 5th place.

Threatened by the supply of Russian oil to the region. Turkey's largest refinery, STAR, has replaced Urals with varieties from Iraq and Norway. The plant with a capacity of 210 thousand barrels per day, which belongs to the Azerbaijani SOCAR, does not buy a barrel of Urals for the second month in a row, although in the past it was one of the country's largest customers of Russian oil workers.

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