Turkish Stream (TurkStream) - the gas pipeline is laid from Russia to Turkey along the bottom of the Black Sea. It consists of two lines, the first of which is intended for Turkish consumers, and the second for gas supplies to Southern and Southeastern Europe. The capacity of each of the strings will be 15.75 billion cubic meters.
History
2023
Bulgaria introduced a fee for the transit of Russian gas
In October 2023, Bulgaria introduced a tax on Russian gas, the transit of which is carried out through its territory, with immediate effect. The move sent shockwaves through Serbia and Hungary, which rely heavily on fuel coming from Russia through Turkey via the TurkStream pipeline, with countries saying gas prices could soar.
Moldovan Energocom buys Russian gas from a Greek company that receives it through Turkish Stream
The Greek state-owned company DEPA Commercial in September 2023 won a tender for the supply of 100 million cubic meters of gas for Moldovan Energocom in the first quarter of 2024.
The cost of the purchased gas is not indicated, but the next EBRD loan for these needs amounted to 100 million euros.
At the same time, DEPA Commercial signed a contract with Gazprom"" for gas supplies until 2026: the Russian company supplies Greece about 2 billion cubic meters per year through Turkish stream"."
Greece also receives gas through the Trans-Adriatic gas pipeline from Azerbaijan, but, according to the Greek authorities, it provides only 20% of the country's gas needs.
Earlier, the chairman of the board of Moldovagaz, Vadim Cheban, said that Russian gas, purchased at exorbitant prices through European companies, was entering the country.
2022
EU sanctions banned the supply of goods and services for servicing the Turkish Stream
European Union sanctions have banned the supply of goods and services for servicing the Turkish Stream in Russia, South Stream Transport B.V., a gas pipeline operator, said in September 2022.
Dynamics of gas supplies to Europe
2020
Azerbaijan displaces Russia from Turkey's gas and oil markets
By September 2020, Gazprom"" completely lost the gas market. Turkey In fact, deliveries on the Turkish Stream stopped, and the Blue Stream, having stood for planned repairs, was never launched.
Russian gas Turkey replaces raw materials from, Azerbaijan which has become the largest supplier to the country. Over the past six months, Azerbaijan exported 8.7 billion cubic meters of gas. The supply of fuel from the Shah Deniz field to Turkey through the Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline in January-August approached 3 billion cubic meters.
Now Azerbaijan occupies 23.5% of the Turkish market share Iran - 14.2%, and in terms of liquefied natural gas supplies, it entered the first lines Qatar. in the Algeria Russia list of suppliers dropped to 5th place.
Threatened by the supply of Russian oil to the region. Turkey's largest refinery, STAR, has replaced Urals with varieties from Iraq and Norway. The plant with a capacity of 210 thousand barrels per day, which belongs to the Azerbaijani SOCAR, does not buy a barrel of Urals for the second month in a row, although in the past it was one of the country's largest customers of Russian oil workers.
Ukraine: Our losses will amount to 15 billion cubic meters of transit
Main article: Gazprom's business in Ukraine
Losses due to the Turkish Stream gas pipeline for Ukraine will amount to 15 billion cubic meters of gas transit. The head of the created operator of the gas transmission system (GTS) of Ukraine Sergey Makogon told about this on his Facebook.
He expressed regret that the construction of the highway could not be stopped. According to Makogon, currently supplies through Ukraine are only for the needs of Romania and Moldova.
Bulgaria, Turkey and other countries receive gas on other routes. Because of this, Ukraine is looking for a way to use the existing infrastructure for other projects. In January, test gas supplies for Ukraine from Bulgaria, Turkey and Greece will begin in the amount of up to 15.8 million cubic meters per day.
Makogon called the Turkish Stream a project "without economic meaning, but with a large political component."
Putin and Erdogan launched "Turkish Stream"
Presidents of Russia and Turkey Vladimir Putin and Recep Tayyip Erdogan launched the Turkish Stream on Wednesday, January 8, 2020. The gas pipeline consists of two lines with a capacity of 15.75 billion cubic meters. One is intended for supply to Turkish consumers, the second - to European countries. Bulgaria received the first gas on it on January 1, and Greece and North Macedonia on January 5.
2019: Russia ready to invest $1.4 billion to extend Turkish Stream through Serbia
Russia is ready to invest $1.4 billion in the continuation of the Turkish Stream in European countries through Serbia, Russian President Vladimir Putin said in January 2019 following the results of Russian-Serbian negotiations.
He assured that the Russian Federation is ready to implement projects to continue the Turkish Stream to European countries, many are showing interest in this.
"Serbiaand I are doing this work - this also applies to the development of infrastructure, including transit infrastructure in Serbian territory. We are ready to invest the necessary resources in this, they will amount to about $1 billion 400 million, "Putin said, answering the question of whether the issue of continuing the Turkish Stream to Europe through Serbia was discussed during the negotiations.
"We, in fact, are preparing this work, even practically we are starting it, but in the end everything will depend on other countries, including countries European Union - how much they will be able to protect their sovereign national interests in dialogue with European structures," the Russian president emphasized.
2018
Gazprom resumed construction of the marine part of the second line of the Turkish Stream
Gazprom resumed construction of the second line of the Turkish Stream in June, South Stream Transport B.V. (a subsidiary of Gazprom) said in a statement.
 | "Today, the Pioneering Spirit vessel resumed laying the second line of the Turkish Stream offshore gas pipeline, moving towards the village of Kiyikey in Turkey. After entering the Black Sea on June 20, the Pioneering Spirit vessel completed preparatory work, including lowering the stinger and checking equipment for pipe laying, "the statement said. |  |
In 2017, 224 kilometers of the second line of the Turkish Stream were built to the exclusive economic zone of Turkey. In May, Gazprom completed the construction of the offshore part of the first line of the Turkish Stream.
49% of the length of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline is laid
Gazprom has laid more than 910 kilometers of the offshore section of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline, which is 49% of its total length, Gazprom Chairman Alexei Miller said in an interview with Anadolu in February 2018.
"More than 910 kilometers of the gas pipeline was laid on the offshore section of the project (Turkish Stream - ed.), 49% of its offshore section has been completed. Gas on the first line of the project will be supplied to the Turkish market under existing contracts, "Miller said.
According to him, Turkish Stream is designed to meet Turkey's growing energy needs and ensure the reliability of supplies to Turkish and European partners. "Gazprom's strategy also provides for the construction of underground natural gas storage facilities in Russia and abroad, as well as participation in projects to ensure energy supply, but it is too early to talk about specific projects in Turkey," Miller said.
Gazprom continues to consult with authorized national transit companies and government agencies. At the moment, these consultations are being held constructively, various options for the development of the European gas transmission system are being considered, "Miller said.
Turkish Stream will cost €7 billion
Gazprom confirmed the estimate of the cost of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline at €7 billion, given in 2017. According to the company's CFO Andrei Kruglov, it is unlikely that project financing will be attracted during the construction phase of the gas pipeline, so the project will be fully financed from Gazprom's budget. However, after the launch of the gas pipeline, Gazprom expects to refinance part of the costs through the issue of project bonds.
Gazprom, like a year ago, estimates the cost of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline from the Black Sea coast of Russia to the European part of Turkey along the bottom of the Black Sea at €7 billion, said Deputy Chairman of the company Andrei Kruglov during a conference for investors in London. In the summer of 2017, Mr. Kruglov called the estimate of the gas pipeline at $6 billion, but, as Kommersant's interlocutors explained in the company, it was a very old estimate. A year ago, Gazprom indicated €7 billion (.pdf) in a presentation for investors.
"Turkish Stream" involves the construction of two lines of the gas pipeline with a capacity of 15.75 billion cubic meters each, which should replace the Ukrainian corridor as a route for the supply of Russian gas in the southern direction. One line is for Turkey's consumption, the second for the Balkans and southern Europe.
Turkish government introduces tax breaks for the construction of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline
The Turkish government introduced tax breaks for work to be carried out as part of the construction of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline, the corresponding cabinet decree was published in the official publication of Resmi Gazete in February 2018[1]
"The parties agreed that the tax imposition will not apply to the activities of companies that work during the implementation of the project in the exclusive economic zone of Turkey in the Black Sea, as well as on platforms. Design work and legal services are also exempt from VAT. Tax and customs incentives will affect vehicles, including ships, as well as the supply of pipes, other materials, equipment and spare parts, "the document says.
2017: Start of offshore construction
On May 7, 2017, Gazprom began construction of the offshore section of the Turkish Stream gas pipeline. Gazprom's investments in the project in 2017 amounted to 92.8 billion rubles. Gazprom in 2018 plans to almost double its investment in the construction of the Turkish Stream compared to 2017 - to 182.4 billion rubles.
2016: Russia-Turkey talks resume
In 2016, Russian Energy Minister Alexander Novak announced that Russia and Turkey are continuing negotiations on the construction of two lines of the gas pipeline. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan also said that Ankara is ready to "immediately take steps towards the implementation of this project."
As of August 2016, the length of the marine part of the project was supposed to be about 910 km, the land part in Turkish territory - 180 km.
The first branch of the gas pipeline from Russia to Turkey along the bottom of the Black Sea with a capacity of 15.75 billion cubic meters was planned to be introduced at the end of 2016, two years after the signing of a memorandum of understanding between Gazprom and the Turkish state Botas.
The cost of the branch is €4.3 billion, the total project, which includes four strings, is €11.4 billion, excluding VAT.
Existing and planned gas pipelines to Europe for August 2016
2015: Project freeze after Russian fighter jet shot down by Turks
In August 2015, the cost of the Turkish Stream with a capacity of 63 billion cubic meters per year was estimated at €11.4 billion, but already in December 2015 it was frozen due to the deterioration of Russian-Turkish relations that arose after the destruction by Turkish Air Force fighters of the Russian Su-24M bomber on the Syrian-Turkish border (the incident occurred on November 24, 2015).
2014: Abandonment of South Stream AG, memorandum on Turkish Stream with Botas
In 2014, having announced the abandonment of South Stream AG, "" on the Gazprom same day signed a memorandum construction on a new gas pipeline with the Turkish company Botash (). Botas
Read also
- Gas exports from Russia
- Nord Stream AG (Nord Stream)
- South Stream AG
- Turkish Stream (TurkStream)
- Power of Siberia
- Baltic Pipe
- US and EU sanctions on Russian oil and gas sector
- Sanctions of Ukraine against Russia
- Foreign sanctions against Russian citizens and companies
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