Gas exports from Russia

Main article: Russian Foreign Trade

Major Gas Trading Routes

Exporters

• Gazprom export
• Novatek

Gas pipelines

• Power of Siberia

• Turkish Stream (TurkStream)

• Gas pipelines to China through the Far East and Mongolia. In February 2023, Gazprom announced that the Russian Federation could become the largest gas supplier to the PRC in the foreseeable future.

"In February 2022, the second long-term gas purchase and sale agreement was signed. On the "Far Eastern" route, 10 billion cubic meters will be supplied to China annually. m of gas. Infrastructure design is underway. Negotiations are ongoing on a project to supply gas to China through the territory of Mongolia in the amount of up to 50 billion cubic meters. m of gas per year. The design of the gas pipeline is underway, "the materials say.

• Nord Stream AG (disabled by a terrorist attack by the United States and Norway with the participation of Britain)
• Yamal-Europe

In November 2022, the Polish authorities, against the background of the conflict in Ukraine, seized Gazprom's stake in the operator of the Polish part of the Yamal-Europe gas pipeline Europol Gaz. At the end of 2022, Yamal-Europe was completely deactivated.

At the end of 2022, 8-9% of the potential volume is supplied through the GTS of Ukraine, and the Turkish Stream is loaded by 50-55%.

LNG gas carriers by sea

Main article: Northern Sea Route

Unknown buyers, possibly linked to Russia, are buying up dozens of vessels capable of carrying LNG, suggesting that Moscow is expanding its fleet of energy tankers.

Although Russian LNG sales suffer less from Western sanctions than oil, Russian comps are preparing to tighten restrictions.

US and EU sanctions on Russian oil and gas sector

Main article: US and EU sanctions on the Russian oil and gas sector

Gas production in Russia

Main article: Gas production in Russia

Gas market in Russia

Main article: Gas (Russian market)

Gas exports to Europe

Main article: Gas exports from Russia to Europe

2024

After the imposition of sanctions, Gazprombank accepts payment for gas only in rubles

In December 2024, Vladimir Putin changed the procedure for paying for Russian gas supplies by foreign buyers, easing fears that the sanctions imposed by the United States against Gazprombank would lead to an early termination of supplies to Europe.

Gazprombank remains an authorized bank for making payments. However, this organization, which is under US sanctions, will accept payments only in rubles. That could mean buyers of Russian gas would have to have accounts with another bank if they wanted to pay in foreign currency. Another bank will have to exchange money for Russian currency and transfer it to Gazprombank.

China overtakes Europe as the main market for Russian pipeline gas

At the end of 9 months of 2024, China overtook Europe as the main market for Russian pipeline gas.

2023

Decrease in exports through pipelines by 29.9% to 99.6 billion cubic meters

In 2023, Russia supplied about 99.6 billion cubic meters of gas abroad through pipelines, which is 29.9% less than a year earlier (14.1 billion cubic meters). Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak cited such data on February 6, 2024 during his speech at the Federation Council.

According to other sources, in 2021 Russia supplied 202 billion cubic meters of pipeline gas for export, having a market share of 28.6% of the global supplies (704.4 billion cubic meters) of pipeline gas. In 2022, Russian gas exports decreased to 125 billion cubic meters (market share - 17.4%), and in 2023 - 95 billion cubic meters (market share - 14.1%). For physical supplies, against the background of the conflict in Ukraine, Russia lost almost 110 billion cubic meters to all countries.

In its best years in 2007-2008, Russia supplied 210-226 billion cubic meters to European countries (EU, Eastern Europe + Turkey).

In 2011-2014, the average supply volume was 184 billion cubic meters, post-Crimea sanctions and the European energy transition did not affect the export of Russian gas in any way, since the average supply volume in 2014-2021 was 178 billion cubic meters with a peak in 2017-2019 to 193 billion and 168 billion cubic meters in 2021. Turkey and Eastern Europe are taken into account here.

Directly to the EU countries in 2021, supplies were 132 billion, in 2022 - 61.5 billion, and in 2023 - 25.7 billion cubic meters with a tendency to degradation. The situation is stabilized by Turkey, which takes about 20 billion cubic meters.

The main reason for the decline in pipeline gas exports is the shutdown of fuel supplies to Europe through the Yamal - and pipelines Europe. In Nord Stream 2022, they had a significant impact on the export result, but already in the fall of that year gas it was possible to pump only through the the Ukrainian gas transmission system and. "Turkish Stream"

Russia supplies a total of 24-25 billion cubic meters to the CIS countries - here there is stagnation without a chance of growth.

China is increasing supplies, which in 2021 took 10 billion cubic meters from Russia, in 2021 - 15, and in 2023 about 22 billion cubic meters.

At the end of 2023, gas exports to China by the Power of Siberia amounted to 22.7 billion cubic meters. This is 700 million cubic meters more than Gazprom's contractual obligations and 1.5 more than in 2022 (15.4 billion cubic meters). According to the General Administration of Customs of China, in monetary terms, gas exports through the pipeline from Russia to China in 2023 increased by 61.7% compared to a year ago and reached $6.4 billion. Russia ranks second in this indicator. In the first place, according to the ministry, is Turkmenistan ($9.6 billion). On the third - Myanmar ($1.4 billion).

Earlier, the head of Gazprom, Alexei Miller, at a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin, said that gas supplies to China in 2023 increased 1.5 times compared to 2022. He stressed that in 2025 the company is going to fulfill its contractual obligations and deliver 38 billion cubic meters of gas to China.^[1]

Losses of the European market, taking into account Ukraine, amounted to about 120 billion cubic meters relative to supplies in 2021, and the reorientation to China has so far yielded only 12 billion with the potential of another + 8 billion by 2025. Turkey and the CIS countries are integral in zeros with fluctuations in the range of 2-5 billion cubic meters.

Accordingly, net losses are at least 100 billion cubic meters of pipeline gas exports by 2024-2025.

Decline in LNG exports by 1.9% to 45.4 billion cubic meters

According to the materials of the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Government Novak, the export of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Russia in 2023 decreased by 1.9% - to 45.4 billion cubic meters (in 2022 - 46.3 billion cubic meters). In the Russian Federation, large-tonnage LNG is produced by Sakhalin Energy plants (co-owners - Gazprom, Mitsui and Mitsubishi), as well as Yamal LNG (participants - NOVATEK, TotalEnergies, Chinese CNPC and SRF).

Unlike pipeline gas, Russia managed to maintain its LNG market share on the trajectory of expanding global supplies.

According to other sources, LNG supplies from Russia were slightly less. Thus, in 2021, global LNG supplies amounted to 516 billion cubic meters, of which Russia - 39.6 billion cubic meters (market share - 7.67%), in 2022 - 542.4 billion cubic meters, of which Russia accounted for 40.2 billion cubic meters (7.41%), and in 2023 - 549.2 billion cubic meters, where Russia supplied 42.7 billion cubic meters (7.77%).

Over three years, LNG supplies from Russia increased by 7.8% or 3.1 billion cubic meters, and the market share increased by 0.1 percentage points.

It is no less interesting to assess how the geography of supplies has changed. Russia's share in gas supplies to Europe from global supplies in 2021 was 16.1%, in 2022 - 11.5% and the same in 2023.

In turn, the share of Europe in the structure of Russian exports in 2021 was 43.9%, in 2022 - 48.8%, in 2023 - 45.5%. It is important to note that the European market is not only not lost, there is even an increase in supplies from 17.4 to 19.4 billion cubic meters in two years, and the market share in the global context has decreased due to an increase in LNG supplies to Europe along the pipeline gas replacement trajectory.

The second important note is that over 95% of Russian LNG supplies go to unfriendly countries. The policy of sanctions in the relationship of pipeline gas does not work regarding the LNG market - as if another dimension.

Russian LNG exports have never been to North America, and supplies to Central, South America, the Middle East and Africa from scratch increased only to 0.2 billion cubic meters in 2023, i.e., within the limits of account accuracy, the regions may not be considered. Where does the rest of the volume go?

The rest goes to Asia, where Russia has three key clients (China, Japan and South Korea).

Russia's share in global LNG supplies to Asia is growing from 5.98% (22.2 billion cubic meters) in 2021, 5.92% (20.6 billion cubic meters) in 2022 to 6.55% (23.1 billion cubic meters) in 2023.

In the structure of Russian exports from 2021 to 2023, the share of China: 15.6 - > 15.2 - > 25.8%, the share of Japan: 22.1 - > 22.9 - > 19.6%, South Korea: 9.9 - > 6.7 - > 5.3%, Taiwan: 6.5 - > 3.7 - > 1.8%, and the share of India changes between 1.4-1.5%.

Georgia increased imports of natural gas from the Russian Federation by 16.5% over the year

In 2023, 2.3 million tons of natural gas were supplied to Georgia from abroad, which is 0.2% less than a year earlier. At the same time, imports from Russia increased by 16.5%, to 486 thousand tons. This was announced at the end of January 2024 by the Georgian Statistics Service. Read more here.

Russia sharply increased LNG supplies to India and Turkey

The export of Russian liquefied natural gas (LNG) to Turkey in 2023 increased 1.4 times compared to 2022 and reached 814,000 tons. Supplies to India increased 1.5 times to 432,000 tons. Kpler analysts presented such data in mid-January 2024.

As Vedomosti writes with reference to Kpler materials, in Europe at the end of 2023, LNG supplies from Russia to Greece increased significantly - 4.5 times to 662,000 tons. At the same time, Turkey, like Greece, is a member of the North Atlantic military-political bloc. In general, the above countries have become leaders in increasing imports of Russian LNG, analysts concluded.

It is also noted that in 2023, the Russian Federation for the first time in five years supplied a batch of LNG to Brazil in the amount of 67,000 tons.

According to Sergei Finam Kaufman, an analyst at FG "," quoted by the publication, the increase in LNG imports by Greece and Turkey is associated with an increase in production at the Gazprom Portovaya KSPG plant. Leningrad Region Previously, this complex sold LNG to the Baltic countries, but by January 2024 there are no long-term contracts, and the plant sends LNG to the spot market, where the main buyers were Greeks and Turks.

According to Kaufman, India in the future may take a high place in the ranking of LNG importers from Russia. He admits in 2024 the likelihood of resuming purchases of Russian LNG by Indian Gail and the supply of gas volumes from Arctic LNG 2.

At the same time, one should not expect an increase in LNG imports to Turkey and Greece in 2024, since the main volumes will be produced by Arctic LNG 2, which is under US sanctions, Kaufman added.^[2]

Reduction of LNG exports from Russia by 2%

In 2023, Russian plants produced 32.33 million tons of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is 2% less than a year ago. The total volume of LNG exports decreased by the same 2%, although separately in December 2023 it turned out to be the maximum for the year and 7% more compared to the last month of 2022. Such data analysts Kpler published in January 2024.

According to their estimates, the reason for the drop in LNG supplies was summer repairs on the liquefaction lines of the Yamal LNG and Sakhalin-2 projects. Thus, the first in 2023 produced 19.88 million tons (21 million tons in 2022), and the second - 10.2 million (11.5 million tons).

Novatek's Cryogas-Vysotsk plant increased shipments by 7.5% compared to the previous year, reaching 0.76 million tons of LNG. The Portovaya LNG plant of Gazprom, which began work a little over a year ago, shipped 1.47 million tons.

Despite the general decline in Russian LNG supplies abroad, exports to Europe in 2023 increased by 1%. Taking into account Turkey, the volume of shipments in 2023 amounted to 16.42 million tons against 16.25 million tons a year earlier.

At the same time, Russian LNG supplies to Asia decreased by 6.1% - from 16.48 million tons in 2022 to 15.48 million tons in 2023. The main buyers of Russian LNG in 2023 were:

• in Asia - China, which received 6.7 million tons, Japan - 6 million tons, South Korea - 1.7 million tons.

• in Europe - Spain and Belgium, who purchased 5 million tons each, as well as France with 3.67 million tons.

Yamal LNG accounted for more than 70% of shipments to Europe. Despite the initiatives of individual countries, the EU countries did not impose restrictions on the supply of Russian LNG. EU countries partially compensate for the decline in Russian gas supplies through pipelines due to LNG imports, including from Russia.

Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak on December 27, 2023 predicted LNG production in the Russian Federation at 33 million tons at the end of 2023.^[3]

EU ports help resell more than 20% of LNG imported by EU from Russia

EU ports help sell more than 20% of LNG imported by the EU from Russia, the FT wrote in November 2023.

Although contracts for the so-called Russian LNG transshipment were banned Britain in and, data obtained in Netherlands 2023 suggests that authorized consignments of Russian gas are regularly reloaded from one tanker to another in, and Belgium France Spain before heading to customers on other continents.

Deliveries to China by Power of Siberia are approaching the level of supplies to Western Europe before the conflict in Ukraine

Gazprom's pipeline supplies China in the near future may reach the level of gas supplies that were sent to Western Europe, the head of "" said.Gazprom Alexey Miller

At the end of 2022, Russia exported 15.5 billion cubic meters through the Power of Siberia gas pipeline to China. m of gas. Russian gas supplies to China by Power of Siberia in 2023 are expected at 22 billion cubic meters. m. The gas pipeline reaches its design capacity of 38 billion cubic meters. m expected in 2025.

At the same time, in the coming years, Gazprom's total exports to China will reach 48 billion cubic meters. m of gas per year (due to the implementation of the project for gas supplies to China along the "Far Eastern" route), and taking into account the transit gas pipeline through Mongolia - almost 100 billion cubic meters. m per year - Miller.

Gazprom for the first time delivered a batch of LNG of its own production along the Northern Sea Route

On September 15, 2023, the Veliky Novgorod gas tanker with a batch of liquefied natural gas (LNG) produced by Gazprom at the Complex near the Portovaya CS completed unloading at the Tangshan LNG receiving terminal in China. This is stated in the message of Gazprom, published on the company's website.

As specified in the company, this is the first delivery of LNG produced by Gazprom along the Northern Sea Route.

According to company representatives, the use of this route significantly reduces the time for LNG delivery to the countries Asia-PAX region.

Russia began to deliver LNG to China by trucks

The first tank container with liquefied natural gas (LNG) was sent along the Blagoveshchensk-Heihe international automobile bridge to China. This was announced on August 2, 2023 by the press service of Gazprom. Read more here.

Decline in LNG exports in June to the level of 2021

According to Bloomberg, in June 2023, Russian LNG supplies to Asia decreased by about 15% to the lowest level since August 2021.

Japanese utilities are demanding alternative supplies from sellers. End consumers in South Korea do not buy Russian LNG on the spot market, sources add.

Chinese LNG imports from Russia fell to an 11-month low.

Agreement with Uzbekistan for the supply of 2.8 billion cubic meters of gas

Uzbekistan agreed with Russia on the purchase of gas within two years, the annual volume will be about 2.8 billion cubic meters. m. This was announced on June 19, 2023 by the press service of the Ministry of Energy of Uzbekistan. Read more here.

Novatek invests 2.4 billion rubles in LNG hub in Murmansk region

On January 20, 2023, it became known about Novatek's decision to invest more than 2.4 billion rubles in the project of the offshore transshipment complex (IPC) of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the Murmansk region. For this, an agreement was concluded by the Far East and Arctic Development Corporation (KRDV). Read more here.

Russia in January came out on top in gas supplies to China

Russia in January 2023 came out on top in terms of natural gas supplies to China, bypassing Turkmenistan and Qatar. Total supplies of Russian fuel to China amounted to 2.7 billion cubic meters. m, while the volumes of the other largest suppliers - Turkmenistan and Qatar - amounted to 2.2 billion cubic meters. m and 1.9 bcm. m, respectively.

Britain stopped importing LNG from Russia

Britain stopped importing liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Russia from January 1, 2023

2022

Russian LNG exports grew by 8% to 46 billion cubic meters. m, to Europe - by 13.5%

Russia increased LNG exports in 2022 by 8% - up to 46 billion cubic meters. m, the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation reported in January 2023.

According to BP, LNG exports in 2022 amounted to 40.2 billion cubic meters and was comparable to 2021 (39.6 billion cubic meters). The data differ from the official statistics, since the calculation methodology is somewhat different.

Russia in 2022 ranks fourth in the world in terms of LNG exports, behind Qatar (114.1 billion cubic meters), Australia (112.3 billion cubic meters) and the United States (104.3 billion). The global share fell slightly from 7.7 to 7.4%.

In 2022, global foreign trade LNG flows amounted to 542.4 billion cubic meters - plus 5.1% YoY.

Almost half of Russian LNG exports go to Europe, and in comparison with 2021, supplies increased from 17.4 to 19.6 billion cubic meters. Russia's share in the European LNG market decreased from 16.1% to 11.5%, as Europe actively replaced losses of pipeline gas through LNG, the main supplier of which was the United States.

Russia ranks third in Europe in terms of LNG supplies after the United States (72.1 billion cubic meters) and Qatar (28 billion cubic meters), and the closest competitor of Russia is Algeria with supplies of 13.4 billion cubic meters per year.

Russian pipeline exports to Europe decreased by 81.6 billion, so LNG compensated over ¾ from losses. From Azerbaijan, Iran, Algeria and Libya, pipeline gas imports to Europe almost did not change, and from Norway increased by 4 billion. The rest was offset through reduced consumption.

In 2021, the US share in the European LNG market was 28.5%, and became 42.4%. In 2022, Europe increased LNG supplies from 108.2 to 170.2 billion cubic meters (+ 57% or plus 62 billion cubic meters). In the structure of supply growth for 2022, the US contribution is almost 68% (42 billion out of 62 billion cubic meters of total growth).

Also, LNG supplies to Europe increased Qatar by 5.5 billion, Egypt by 4 billion and Norway by 3.5 billion cubic meters.

At the end Europe Turkey of 2022, including, imported about 125 million tons of LNG, about Russia 13% of this volume, estimated Maria Belova from Vybon Consulting. Russian LNG played a significant role in the gas market Europe in 2022 - the absence of 20 billion cubic meters of LNG supplies from Russia could play a critical role during the season of gas injection into underground gas storage facilities, said Sergey Skoltech Kapitonov, an expert at the Center for Energy Transition and ESG. The share of LNG in total Russian gas supplies has grown markedly - from 7% a year earlier to 25% of total gas supplies, said independent expert Alexander Sobko.^[4]

Poland purchased liquefied hydrocarbon gas from the Russian Federation almost twice as much as the rest of Europe in 2022. "Poland is still the largest importer of LPG from Russia, this is one seventh of the fuel on our market," Rzeczpospolita wrote in March 2023. In 2022, Warsaw imported 710.3 million euros of liquefied gas from Russia, and the rest of the EU - by 417 million euros.

According to Kommersant, the main contribution to the increase in supplies was made by Novatek, whose Yamal LNG plant increased supplies to the EU by about 13.5%, to 14.65 million tons, Kommersant calculated based on data from the Kpler analytical system. Also, about 0.7 million tons came from another Novatek project - Cryogas-Vysotsk. Another project that allowed, albeit slightly, to increase LNG exports to Europe was Port LNG, launched by Gazprom in September 2022.

As for the Asian direction, where spot prices throughout the year were lower than Europe, deliveries from Gazprom's Sakhalin-2 project in the Far East increased by about 2%, to 10.64 million tons, NOVATEK reduced supplies to Asia from Yamal LNG by 7%, to about 5.1-5.3 million tons, the newspaper said.

Yamal LNG has a nominal capacity of 17.4 million tons per year. It includes three 5.5 MTA lines based on Linde's western technology and one line with a capacity of approximately 1 MTA based on NOVATEK's own Arctic Cascade technology.

Pipeline gas exports collapse 38% - all-time record

Before the sanctions imposed by the EU after the outbreak of the conflict in Ukraine, almost 83% of Russia's total pipeline exports went to Europe, and the total export volume, taking into account the CIS countries, exceeded 200 billion cubic meters.

In 2022, pipeline gas exports fell by 38% YoY - a record decline in history, even covering the period of the USSR.

Russia supplies pipeline gas in three directions: Europe, the CIS and China. The capacity of the CIS market is 25-30 billion, where the main consumer is Belarus, importing 18-20 billion cubic meters.

Given the weakness and low capacity of the CIS economies, there is no potential for growth here. In 2022, gas exports to these countries even decreased by 6.5% from 27.1 to 25.3 billion cubic meters.

Europe 167 billion cubic meters were delivered to countries, taking into account Turkey in 2021, and in 2022 exports fell by half to 85.4 billion cubic meters

Russia has reduced the supply of helium abroad

In 2022, Russia exported 696 thousand cubic meters of helium, which is 14.2% less than the volume of supplies a year ago at 812 thousand cubic meters. This is evidenced by the data that BusinesStat analysts presented in October 2023. Read more here.

Growth in gas exports to China by 173% in 10 months

In the first 10 months of 2022, gas supplies from Russia to China increased by 173%, the Chinese Ambassador to the Russian Federation said. The diplomat stressed that China "will never allow external forces to interfere in energy cooperation" with Russia.

China has become the world's largest consumer and importer of natural gas, which is the most important factor for strengthening the Russian-Chinese gas cooperation.

Russia accounts for 40% of gas supplies to Turkey

Algeria overtakes Russia in terms of gas supplies to Europe through pipelines

Decrease in Gazprom's exports to Europe by 53% with revenue growth

From January to November 22, 2022, Gazprom's total supplies to Europe collapsed by 53% YoY, and from the beginning of September, when Nord Stream was finally turned off, supplies collapsed 5 times relative to 2021 and 7 times below potential.

71 billion cubic meters have already been lost, by the end of December, losses will amount to another 13-14 billion cubic meters in comparison with 2021, i.e. for the year minus 85 billion supplies to Europe. If everything goes as it has been since September, then pipeline deliveries could amount to 30 billion cubic meters in 2023, compared with 150 billion in 2021 and 180-190 billion potential.

Accordingly, the gas war cut 120 billion cubic meters per year. How much is that?

The design capacity of Power of Siberia is 38 billion cubic meters per year, and in 2022 Gazprom, according to the current contract with the Chinese CNPC, must supply at least 15.6 billion cubic meters. The estimated volume of gas supplies to China from Gazprom may amount to about 17 billion cubic meters in 2022.

To compensate for the European direction, it is necessary to the current Power of Siberia for three more similar pipes and bring them to full capacity or increase deliveries to China 7 (SEVEN) times relative to the 2022 base, which is 70% higher than 2021 (17 billion in 2022 against 10.4 billion in 2021).

This is significant, so do not underestimate the scale of the drop in supply to Europe, Spydell Finance noted.

At the same time, since June, the restoration of gas exports from Russia in monetary terms has been noticeable.

In 2021, all positions received 121.4 billion from Europe (coal - 6.6 billion, oil and oil products - 87 billion, gas - 28 billion).

In 2022, in the first nine months, there are already 129 billion, where coal is 6.6 billion (comparable to 2021, but trade was completely stopped in September), oil - 81 billion, and gas - 41 billion dollars.

Russia begins gas supplies to Azerbaijan under a new agreement

In November 2022, it became known that Russia it was starting gas supplies Azerbaijan under a new agreement. The document was signed between "" and the Gazprom state oil company. Azerbaijan SOCAR Deliveries will last until the end of March 2023, Russia will supply 1 billion cubic meters of gas.

LNG export growth in October due to supplies to France, China and Japan

Russian LNG supplies rose in October 2022 to almost a record level.

LNG supplies from Russia rose to their highest since March. France, China and Japan were the main buyers of Russian gas in October.

Decline in Gazprom's exports to non-CIS countries by 38% in 8 months

Gazprom's exports to non-CIS countries for 8 months of 2022 amounted to 84.8 billion cubic meters. m. This is 38.8% less than the same indicators over the past year. In the domestic market, demand decreased by 3.3% (by 5.4 billion cubic meters. m).

Japan LNG export growth of 211% in August

Japan in August 2022 purchased 211.2% more LNG from Russia in quantitative terms compared to August 2021, follows from trade statistics published by the country's Ministry of Finance.

Russian gas supplies to China hit historic record in August

Russian gas supplies to China in August 2022 reached a historic record for a total of $409.37 million. After the Western embargo on coal and oil from the Russian Federation, domestic companies redirected the export of volatile hydrocarbons to the East.

Despite generous discounts for friendly countries, Russia is making record export profits amid the general rise in world prices.

Which countries have not yet agreed to pay for gas in rubles

The largest gas buyers from Russia

Putin signs decree selling gas to unfriendly countries for rubles

Why was it decided to sell gas for rubles? There have been several claims about the seizure of energy proceeds from the American ambassador to special accounts. He coordinates sanctions against Russia.

The new form of payment will reduce the risk of European banks blocking payments in euros.

From April 1, 2022, the payment is as follows:

• companies from unfriendly countries open a special account in Gazprombank, the Board of Directors of the Bank of Russia  from April 1, 2022 established a regime of bank accounts of type "K" for settlements with foreign buyers for natural gas
• funds in the currency specified in the contract are transferred to this special account.
• Gazprombank sells currency from this account on the exchange
• the proceeds rubles are credited to another special account from which the funds are debited in favor of the gas supplier.

As a result, payments will be made in foreign currency, without the risk of blocking.

The indignation of Europeans can be understood, since the contracts of such a scheme did not provide. But the seizure of funds from the National Welfare Fund and accounts of state banks in Russia was not provided for. Otherwise, it may turn out that gas is supplied, but there is no money.

2021

Leading countries in the purchase of Russian gas

List of leading countries in the procurement of Russian natural gas by pipeline:

• Germany - in 2021 purchased 48.2 billion cubic meters. m, 23.7% of total Russian gas exports;
• Turkey - 26.8 billion cubic meters. m, 13.2%;
• Belarus - 19.8 billion cubic meters. m, 9.7%.

Share of gas exports from Russia - 6.2% of the world market

Gas export growth 2.1 times to $54.2 billion

At the end of 2021, the price of gas exported from Russia increased 2.1 times compared to 2020 ($54.2 billion against $25.7).

Russia among the largest exporters of LNG

Gas exports to South Korea

Take-off of Gazprom's exports in the 1st quarter

Russian gas supplies to key Gazprom customers in the first quarter of 2021 set a 3-year record.

For three months, Gazprom pumped 52.7 billion cubic meters in the western direction - 12.4 billion (30%) more than a year earlier. The volume of exports only slightly missed the absolute maximum shown in 2018 - 54.25 billion cubic meters.

Germany increased purchases of Russian gas by a third, to 15.54 billion cubic meters. Deliveries to Turkey soared by 106%, to 7.76 billion cubic meters. Poland increased imports by 18.5%, to 2.45 billion cubic meters.

It was exported to Finland by 67% more than in the first quarter of 2020, to Romania - by 90%, to Bulgaria - by 52%, to Greece - by 23%. "The main factor that influenced the large-scale selection from UGS this winter was weather, or rather, abnormal frosts that hit Europe. On certain days of January and February, over 1 billion cubic meters of m per day were selected from UGS, and on January 15, the fourth daily indicator of sampling from UGS in Europe in the history of observations since 2011 was recorded, "experts from the Skolkovo Power Center say.

In addition, a noticeable drop in LNG imports, which poured into Asia, where prices at the moment rose above $1,000 per thousand cubic meters, affected. In March, 8 billion cubic meters of regasified liquefied gas were delivered to the EU - 20% less than a year earlier and in February. By April, Europe's storage facilities had approached just over a quarter full. This means that in the summer it will be necessary to pump 65-70 billion cubic meters of gas, according to Skolkovo.

2020

Gas sales brought Russia $25.1 billion - at least since 2004

According to the Central Bank, the sale of gas in 2020 brought Russia $25.1 billion - at least since 2004.

At the end of 2020, Gazprom pumped 179.3 billion cubic meters of gas to far abroad - the minimum volume over the past five years. In physical terms, exports fell by 10%, and in monetary terms - by 40% due to a sharp decline in prices in Europe, which in the spring went below the point of profitability of Gazprom (about $100 per thousand cubic meters).

The fall in Gazprom's revenues from gas exports in January-February by 51%

Gazprom's revenues from gas exports in January-February 2020 fell by 51% to $5 billion.

2019

Why gas demand is growing

According to the International Energy Agency, natural gas was the leader in the category of fossil fuels in terms of consumption growth rates for the period from 2006 to 2019. We can expect that gas demand will continue to grow in 2020, mainly due to increased consumption in Asia, and especially in China, Beijing's environmental policy provides for very ambitious goals to reduce polluting emissions and the mandatory transition of the entire country from coal to gas.

Gas is very popular due to its prevalence, usability and relatively low degree of environmental hazard. Thus, in comparison with coal, natural gas during combustion produces 40% less carbon dioxide (CO2), fine particles (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). That is why gas is often used as an auxiliary or spare energy source in energy networks powered by solar panels or wind generators, which are known to be able to supply current with significant interruptions.

Gas is also one of the key raw materials in the petrochemical industry. For 2019, natural gas and its by-products account for about 29% of the total fossil fuels used in the chemical industry.

Gazprom export decline by 38% in the second quarter

The second quarter of 2019 turned out to be a failure for Gazprom's revenue from gas exports: revenues fell by 38% compared to the first quarter. The loss is really colossal: the former $14.1 billion against the current $8.7 billion. Such negative dynamics is associated with a decrease in gas exports to non-CIS countries by 5.9%. But the biggest damage came from a sharp drop in energy costs. Gas prices in the European Union fell to absolute lows over the past 10 years. It will sound unexpected, but the domestic gas monopoly easily overcomes the gigantic decline in revenue.

The reason lies in the uniquely low cost of Russian gas. In Europe, only Gazprom was able to sell gas at such a low price and "not fly into the pipe." In the hope of maintaining market share and waiting for prices to recover, American LNG suppliers increased the supply of liquefied gas to European countries by 1.5 times. But they do this to their detriment: operating losses on the supply of gas from the United States to Europe are $37-48 for every 1000 cubic meters. m. They will not be able to work endlessly in the negative, there are already rumors that the construction of new LNG facilities in the States may be postponed.

In fact, low prices squeeze Gazprom's competitors out of the European market without any effort from the latter. This does not apply to the three main gas suppliers to Europe: Norway, Algeria and Qatar. They also export their gas through pipelines, and firmly hold their positions.

2017: Export to non-CIS countries grew by 8.1% to 193.9 bcm. m.

In 2017, gas exports to foreign countries from Russia increased by 8.1% compared to 2016 and amounted to 193.9 billion cubic meters. m. Export

• to Germany increased by 7.1%,
• to Austria - by 25.0%,
• to the Czech Republic - by 28.0%,
• in Slovakia - by 24.5%,
• to France - by 6.8%,
• in the Netherlands - by 4.6%,
• in Denmark - by 1.9%.

Also, the trend of growth in demand for Russian gas continued to demonstrate the target markets of the Turkish Stream project. Export

• to Turkey increased by 17.3%,
• to Hungary - by 21.3%,
• to Bulgaria - by 4.7%,
• to Greece - by 9.3%,
• to Serbia - by 21.2%.

LNG exports to the Asia-Pacific countries in 2017 increased in physical terms by 5.3% to 15.5 million cubic meters (10.9 million tons).

The price of Russian gas on the border with Germany in December 2017 increased by 6.1% compared to last year and amounted to 176.7 euros/thousand cubic meters (166.49 euros/thousand cubic meters in December 2016^[5].

2015: Export of Russia 211.5 billion cubic meters - No. 1 in the world

In 2015, Russia sold 211.5 billion cubic meters of gas, becoming the largest exporter in the world. At the same time, Qatar is the leader in terms of liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplies (106.4 billion cubic meters).

The main Russian supplier is Gazprom, which has the monopoly right to export pipeline gas and sells LNG, competing with Novatek and Rosneft.

Europe remains the largest consumer of Russian gas.

In addition, Gazprom supplies LNG to Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, India and China.

According to the FCS, in 2015 Gazprom exported 185.5 billion cubic meters and earned $41.8 billion. This is 23.5% less than in 2014^[6].

In 2015, European sales of Russian gas increased to 158.6 billion cubic meters.

2011: Export of 203.9 billion cubic meters (+ 11%), with production of 670 billion

In 2011, the export of Russian gas, as planned, increased significantly. The main impact on this process was some economic recovery in European countries and a cold winter. In January-December 2011, 203 billion 936.2 million cubic meters were exported from the Russian Federation. m, which is 11% more than a year earlier with a production of 670 billion cubic meters. m.

2007: Gazprom officially gains monopoly on gas exports

In 2007, the de facto single gas export channel that existed before was legislated and the implementation of the state monopoly on gas exports was entrusted by the state to the owner of the Unified Gas Supply System (UGSS) represented by Gazprom.

Read also

• Oil and gas production
• Oil production in Russia
• Refining in Russia
• Petroleum products in Russia

• Oil exports from Russia
• Nord Stream AG (Nord Stream)
• South Stream AG
• Turkish Stream (TurkStream)
• Power of Siberia
• Baltic Pipe
• TANAP Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline

• Technologies in the Gas Industry
• Technologies in the Russian oil industry

• US and EU sanctions on Russian oil and gas sector
• Sanctions against Russia

Notes