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2024: China accounts for 64% of the world's solar and wind power capacity
In mid-July 2024, the results of a study by the American company Global Energy Monitor were published, according to which China accounts for 64% of the world's solar and wind power capacities. Read more here.
2023
35% of all world capacity in solar energy and 38% in wind power are in China
Main Article: Solar power (Global Market)
35.6% of all world solar power capacity is in China, the second most important is the United States, providing 14.7% of world production, all countries in Europe in total about 18%. The pace of implementation is incredible, just 10 years ago China had practically nothing - about 8.4 generation TVt·ch, and in 2023 almost 600 TVt·ch.
In terms of wind generation, the absolute leader is China - 38.1% of world production, the United States - 18.5%, European countries - 26.4%.
Low electricity prices for industrial plants
2022
Dramatic build-up of coal-fired power plants
In 2022, the Chinese authorities sharply increased the construction of coal-fired power plants. This was reported in local organizations "Center for the Study of power and Clean Air" and "Global Energy Monitoring" on February 27, 2023.
China has approved projects to build new coal-fired power plants with a total capacity of 106 GW. This is more than four times the level of 2021 and is the maximum since 2015. According to organizations, the capacity of power plants built in China in 2022 also increased, although not so significantly - by more than 50%, to 50 GW.
A report by the Center for power and Clean Air Research (CREA) and Global Energy Monitor (GEM) details China's issuance of permits for new coal-fired power plants in 2022, possible implications for China's climate commitments, and policy recommendations. A massive increase in new coal capacity does not necessarily mean that coal use or CO2 emissions from the energy sector in China will rise. Assuming growth in non-fossil energy generation from wind, solar, and atomic power continues to accelerate, and growth in electricity demand stabilizes or slows, coal-fired power production could peak and decline. President Xi also promised that China will reduce coal consumption in the period 2026-2030. That would mean lower utilization rates for China's vast fleet of coal-fired power plants, rather than continued growth in coal-fired power generation.
In 2022, the volume of permitted capacities more than quadrupled compared to 23 GW in 2021. Of the projects allowed in 2022, 60 GW were not under construction in January 2023, but are likely to begin construction soon, indicating an even greater start to construction in 2023. In general, 86 GW of new coal power projects were launched, which is more than twice as much as 40 GW in 2021. The largest amount of capacity was introduced in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang and Hubei.
New coal capacities added to the network remained stable: from 26.2 GW in 2021 to 26.8 GW in 2022. The two years saw the lowest annual increase since 2003, reflecting a decline in construction start rates during the 2017-2020 period. Capacity growth will recover in a few years, when the implementation of projects launched in 2022 begins.
In 2021-2022, China is experiencing a rapid increase in peak electricity loads, with the highest recorded short-term load increasing by 230 GW, which is associated with an increase in the prevalence of air conditioners and exceptionally strong heat waves. According to CREA and GEM, this is prompting increased development of coal-fired power plants as an expensive and sub-optimal solution, especially in large electricity demand centers and their neighboring provinces. Of China's six regional power systems, the South and East are the only ones that do not suffer from the glaring problem of excess thermal capacity. However, 50% of the new announced projects and 40% of the construction work started are in networks with excess capacity.
In 2022, the rate of disposal of power plants slowed down even more: in 2022, 4.1 GW of coal capacity will be closed compared to 5.2 GW in 2021. The policy of closing small and inefficient power plants has been revised in order to keep such power plants online as standby or in normal operation after modernization.[1]
Rapid growth in wind turbines and solar panels
Main article: Alternative power
The outlook for net growth power engineering specialists China in 2022 is growing stronger. As of June, China it will install a record 156 gigawatts of wind turbines and solar panels in 2022. This is 25% more than the record set last year, according to BloombergNEF.
2020: Average energy consumption per capita
and
2021
Dependence on coal in the electric power industry
India and China defended the future of coal for a reason at the Glasgow climate summit in November 2021: no country has introduced more coal-fired power plant capacity than these two major issuers in the past decade.
In 2021, China and India produce a total of 14 million tons per day. Not only does coal still play a crucial role in meeting their current energy needs, it also looks set to play that role for many more decades.
Rise in coal and gas prices leads to fanning power outages
In September 2021, China was at the mercy of a full-fledged energy crisis due to a sharp increase in coal prices and the load on the energy system. In 20 provinces of the PRC, restrictions on electricity consumption were introduced, which affected both industrial enterprises and residential buildings.
In Jiangsu province, more than a thousand factories and factories were ordered by the authorities to work according to the "two in two" scheme, and another 143 enterprises were completely stopped.
In Guangdong province GDP , which exceeds Russia China the entire economy and provides 10% of output in, a "two in five" scheme has been introduced for individual enterprises, while they need to keep energy consumption at 15% below full load during the peak period.
In office buildings, it was ordered to turn off on the second and third floors, and a number of production facilities were switched to night operation.
Due to fan blackouts and blackouts at the weekend, traffic lights were turned off on the streets of the northern provinces, provoking multi-kilometer traffic jams, and residents of skyscrapers had to walk down.
In the northeastern provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning, power supply problems forced to limit the supply of electricity, including residential buildings, despite a seasonal cold snap and a decrease in night temperatures to 10 degrees Celsius.
The northern provinces of the PRC receive electricity mainly from coal plants, and many of them have exceeded their quotas, which the Communist Party has been introducing since 2019.
The key problem was the sharp rise in gas and coal prices, which has already hit the European Union and Britain. Over the past month, a ton of thermal coal on the Zhengzhou exchange has risen in price by 40%, to $192.4 - a new record in 8 years. Compared to the summer of 2020, prices have doubled.
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Notes
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