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Climate
Main article: Climate in Europe
Cities
Population
Main article: Population of Romania
Citizenship and residence permit
2019: Number of permits with a residence permit per 1000 residents of Romania
Passport strength
Parliament
Parliament is elected for four years, the electoral threshold for parties is 5%.
2024: Pro-Western ruling Social Democratic Party (PSD) wins election
After pre-processing 100% of the ballots in the Romanian parliamentary elections held on December 1, 2024, the pro-Western ruling Social Democratic Party (PSD) of Prime Minister Marcel Cholaku is leading with 22.30%.
This is followed by the nationalist Alliance for the Unification of Romanians (AUR) with 18.30%. Previously, this party owned presidential candidate Kaelin Georgescu, who won the first round.
In third place is the center-right National Liberal Party (PNL), an ally of the Social Democrats in the ruling coalition (14.28%).
The fourth place is occupied by the centrist pro-Western party Union for the Salvation of Romania (USR) (12.26%), from which the second presidential candidate Elena Lasconi ran.
Apparently, a pro-Western coalition led by the Social Democrats and Prime Minister Cholaku will remain in the Romanian government. At the same time, conditionally right-wing parties collectively gain about 30%.
2022: The proportion of women in parliament is less than 20%
President
2024: Cancellation of the results of the presidential election after their approval, due to the loss of pro-Western candidates in the first round
On December 6, 2024, in Romania, the Constitutional Court annulled the results of the first round of presidential elections, despite the fact that it approved them a few days before.
The election process has been re-launched: parliament will set a new election date, and candidates must again go through the nomination and registration procedure.
The reason for the sensational decision of the Constitutional Court was the documents "declassified" by the Romanian special services, which were presented by the current president Klaus Iohannis.
Bucharest accuses Russia of "election interference" and financing the election campaign of the winner of the first round, Calin Georgescu, on TikTok. As "evidence," the special services point to accounts on the social network, which donated more than 1 million euros to promote Georgescu.
Even pro-Western and pro-American candidate Elena Lasconi, who was supposed to participate in the second round, said that the Romanian state "trampled democracy."
Another candidate from the first round, George Simon, called what was happening a coup d'etat, but for some reason urged people not to take to the streets, since "the system should fall democratically."
The decision was fully supported by the current Prime Minister Marcel Cholaku, who lost the presidential election, finishing third. The politician claims that "the results are distorted by interference Russia."
The Romanian Constitutional Court appointed a recount and at some point Cholaku came in second place. Apparently, then they did not dare to rig the elections and left the first and second places for Georgescu and Lasconi, approving the results.
However, a few days later the situation changed dramatically and Bucharest decided to take the most shameful measures. It is unlikely that mass protests will break out in Romania after such arbitrariness of the authorities, because the protesters will not be supported by Western governments, for example, the opposition in Georgia.
The potential non-systemic president Georgescu frightened the West so much that they decided not to risk it. Indeed, at stake is the question of who will lead a major NATO outpost on the Black Sea, which plays a large role in the logistical support of the regime in Ukraine.
Foreign policy
2023: Romania secretly handed over MLRS to Ukraine APR-40
Romanian 122-mm MLRS APR-40 is a licensed version of the Grad BM-21 produced in the country during the socialist period on the chassis of the Romanian DAC 665T truck (6x6). Deliveries were carried out earlier than May 2023.
2022: Claims against Russia for $5 billion due to the return of gold after the First World War to socialist Romania
In February 2022, Romania presented Russia claims for $5 billion. Bucharest estimates the value of the gold of the National Bank of the Romanian Kingdom exported to the Russian Empire during the First World War.
In February, the leadership of the Romanian Foreign Ministry summoned the Russian ambassador and informed him about the "inadmissibility of creating an erroneous opinion among the public." Representatives of the Romanian Foreign Ministry said that the issue with gold has not been resolved.
In 1916, Romania entered World War I on the side of the Entente. The National Bank froze the assets of depositors. A few weeks later, the Romanian army suffered a crushing defeat from the combined armies of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria.
Only the intervention of the Russian army saved Romania from complete collapse. The National Bank sent its gold and foreign exchange reserves for storage to Moscow. Later, the Soviet Union transferred the gold reserve of the Romanian National Bank (64 tons) back.
However, the Romanian Foreign Ministry argues that this is not the case. Bucharest insists that Moscow received not 64, but 120 tons of gold. And now it demands the return of 93.4 tons, which it estimates at $5 billion.
Romania refuses to recognize the return of gold bars during the existence of socialist Romania, calling the latter an "illegal" entity.
2008: Romania prepares to fight with Russia for Transnistria with NATO and EU support
In 2008, Romanian President Traian Băsescu feared being drawn into a military conflict with Russia over Transnistria. This is stated in the dispatch published on September 20, 2011 by the WikiLeaks website, sent to Washington by the then US Ambassador to Bucharest Nicholas Taubman[1].
As noted in the document, during a meeting with American Republican Senator Richard Lugar in August 2008, Besescu expressed fears that the events in Transnistria could follow the Georgian scenario, and then Romania would be forced to assist Chisinau. "Besescu recalled that during the conflict of 1991-1992 in Moldova, Romania sent a lot of provisions and weapons to the Moldovan side, but loudly asked what the adequate response of Romania should be now, when it is a NATO member, to the challenge of Russia in the region. The senator asked how NATO membership hindered Romania's actions, to which Basescu replied that Romania shares the views of the alliance until it is involved in the conflict, but under pressure it will be forced to respond - "we face a very difficult choice." Basescu asked almost rhetorically whether NATO and the EU, together with Romania, would be in such a situation, "the Romanian ambassador said in a dispatch.
Traian Basescu also said that he had repeatedly discussed the Moldovan-Transnistrian conflict with Vladimir Putin, but "Russia refuses to comply with the Istanbul agreements of 1999" (Istanbul obligations regarding the export of weapons from Transnistria, taken by Russia in the context of the CFE Treaty, but at the same time bearing a bilateral Russian-Moldovan character and not related to third countries, were fulfilled ahead of schedule back in 2001. At the moment, there are no weapons in Transnistria that are regulated by the CFE Treaty. Moreover, in July 2007, the Russian Federation introduced a moratorium on compliance with the CFE Treaty due to the fact that the treaty was not ratified by any NATO member state - note IA REGNUM). Besescu expressed the opinion that Russians in all frozen conflict zones should be replaced by international forces under the UN mandate, because "by agreeing to the presence of Russian peacekeepers, we create the possibility of invasion."
"The most striking thing, however, is that Basescu's way of thinking about the Moldovan-Transnistrian conflict and security in the Black Sea region as a whole is reflected in the light of events in Georgia. Besescu is actually concerned that the Russians may provoke similar events in Moldova, which will require a Romanian military response, with the widest involvement of NATO and the EU, "the American diplomat said in his dispatch.
Armed Forces
Main article: Romanian Armed Forces
Economy
Main article: Economy of Romania
Health care
Main article: Health care in Romania
Education
2018: High literacy rates
Science and Research
2020: More than 5,000 animals used for scientific purposes
Almost 8 million animals are used for scientific purposes in Europe and half of them are laboratory mice and rats.
Culture
Language
Music
Religion
2022
55.2% of the population believes in life after death
50% of the population attends divine services at least once a month
2021:50% of the population say religion is important in their lives
2016: Proportion of believing population
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Sport
2022: The most popular sport is football
in
1976
Main article: Olympic Games
MEDIA
2022:88% of the population watch TV every day
Crime
2021: Number of intentional murders
and the United
Prisons
2019: The minimum age for children to be jailed is 14
2018: Number of prisoners
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History
2025: Joining the Schengen Agreement after 18 years in the EU
In December 2024, the Council of the European Union approved the accession of Bulgaria and Romania to Schengen from January 1, 2025. Both countries entered the EU 18 years ago.
2013: Collecting signatures for renaming to Dacia
Romania began collecting signatures in favor of renaming the country. The authors of the petition, which has already been signed by almost 3.4 thousand people, do not want to be somehow associated with Roma gypsies or Romans[2].
The alternative name proposed in the petition is Dacia. So in the days of Antiquity they called a large geographical area on the territory of which the Dacian tribes lived, and now Romania is located.
"The Romans are in Italy. Roma come from India, from where they settled around the world. Rum is a Jamaican drink, "reads the petition, which is posted on the portal Causes.com.
The authors hope to collect 150,000 signatures for their initiative to be considered by the Romanian parliament.
1990
1989: Revolution and execution of the head of state Ceausescu with his wife
1987
1945: Losses in World War II
Main article: World War II
1919: Incorporation of Transylvania into Romania
Following the First World War, Romania acquired Transylvania, which had previously been ruled by Austria-Hungary.
1918: End of World War I. Hundreds of thousands of victims in Romania
Main article: World War I
1914
1877: Declaration of Independence
In 1877, the country declared independence.
Mid-19th century: The emergence of Romania as a capsule state of the Ottoman Empire
The country has been called "Romania" since the middle of the 19th century, when it arose as a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, which included Moldova and Wallachia.
1700
Main article: 1700
1618: As part of the Ottoman ports
15th century: Campaigns of Vlad III Tepes
14th century
600g
II in: Conquest by the Roman Empire, the beginning of Romanization
Main article: Roman Empire
In the II century, the Roman Empire conquered Dacia, after which this area underwent Romanization. At the beginning of the twentieth century, parts of historical Dacia are, in addition to Romania, part of Serbia, Hungary, Ukraine and Moldova.
2nd-1st centuries BC: Formation of Dacia
The state of the Dacians was formed in the II-I centuries before the Christian chronology.
39,280 hp: Ash from the mega-eruption of the Phlegrean fields
The earliest activity of the Flegrei Fields supervolcano in southern Italy began about 39,280 years ago and was accompanied by a powerful volcanic eruption and the release into the atmosphere of about 200 km³[3] volcanic material].
The mega-eruption coincided in time with the eruptions of the volcanoes Kazbek in the Caucasus and St. Anna in the Southern Carpathians. According to seismologists and paleoclimatologists, it became one of the reasons for the "volcanic winter."
Sulfur has increased over Europe, absorbing and scattering sunlight. In the year following the eruption, temperatures across the planet dropped by 2 degrees Celsius, with a 5-degree decline in Western Europe.
Volcanic emissions, gradually settling, left behind a trail of rock that, in the shape of a wedge, stretched from southern Italy northeast to the Southern Urals.
The rock covered more than 1.1 million square meters with an ash layer. From southern Italy to Romania, the ash layer reached 1 meter.
Calendar
Notes
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