Smart Grid Smart Networks Intelligent networks of power supply

The Russian power also endures the period of changes. The main trend having an impact on development of information systems in power is the concept of Smart Grid. In this direction acceptance of a number of important legal acts is expected. The ideas of Smart Grid are especially relevant for Russia as infrastructure of power is strongly worn-out.

Operational management of infrastructure is crucial. The power enterprises are faced the need of implementation of new standards of operation and maintenance for permanent improvement of a ratio between reliability of power supply and costs. One more of key tasks in power is management of maintenance and repairs of the equipment. It is caused by a huge number of the items of equipment distributed in large territories and requiring permanent procedural and corrective maintenance. Consolidation of information on a condition of equipment in a single system of management with a possibility of its operational providing to different consumers on places allows to reduce idle times by repair, to lower costs for spare parts and materials, to optimize logistics and loading of personnel.

Consumers are also not less important driving force of the happening changes. The transition trend from the process focused approach to customer-oriented was outlined. The increased consumer requirements to the service level inevitably lead to expansion of a range of services, rendered by the power companies, to implementation of new financial and payment mechanisms.

According to the concept of Smart Grid among the priority directions of development of IT in power for the next years it is possible to select:

1. Widespread introduction on the new and upgraded points of measurement of intelligent (smarts) of measuring devices — "smart" counters with function of remote control of a profile of loading of the measured line and measuring transducers with standard communication interfaces and protocols (including wireless) conforming to information security standards.

2. Installation on each large object attached to the power supply network (the residential area, office center, factory, etc.), the advanced the automated information measuring systems (AIMS) working in real time. AIIS should perform monitoring of object processes (for example, electro-or heat supplies, including parameters of quality of energy), to execute simple algorithms of automatic control and to have the developed means of information exchange with the outside world.

3. Creation of wide network of the integrated communications based on various communication lines — the fiber-optic communication line, satellite, GPRS, HFs communications on the power transmission line, etc. Each AIIS should be connected at least on two independent communication channels.

4. Implementation in the power companies of the automated systems (AS) of management of productive activity. As all power enterprises treat productions with a continual loop, it is possible to select four types of such systems:

• EXPERT of management of maintenance and repairs;
• The EXPERT of work in the markets (commercial scheduling);
• EXPERT of customer service;
• The EXPERT of management of the main production — generation, transfer, distribution, sale (consumption accounting) or scheduling.

5. Creation of the integrated interfaces to AIIS and AS of management of productive activity for automatic data exchange with AS of other market participants. At the same time exchange protocols and information security standards for all categories of market participants should be defined.

A number of vendors already expressed support to the concept to Smart Grid and inclusion in the next releases of products of new functionality. Some bring to the market the solutions constructed according to new ideology and showing big flexibility and functionality in new conditions.

Trends of development of world and Russian power

The 20th century – homogeneous power supply systems and their associations on the basis of concentration of production of EE in the locations of energy resources and concentration of consumers

• Large scale power stations (TPP, hydroelectric power station, NPP)
• The developed transit and power distribution grids
• The centralized operational management
• Synchronous zones in large territories
• Strict technical rules of accession and participation regulation of the mode
• Power – the exclusive sphere of business of the large power companies

> Classical management system for the mode (PA, RA, ODU system)

The 21st century – alternative distributed micro, pass both small generation and hybrid power supply systems

• Generation based on RES, virtual power plants
• Fuel small generation of different subjects with diversification of energy resources
• Generation as the accompanying production
• Demonopolization of the markets of power, energy, local and system services
• Possibility of independent operation (independence)
• Soft technical rules of accession and participation in regulation of the mode

> SMART GRID. Smart automatic equipment with small participation of the person

The Internet of energy (MicroGrid) the Small-scale distributed power generation

Main article: The Internet of energy (MicroGrid) the Small-scale distributed power generation

Advantages of Smart Grid in comparison with traditional CUC

• SG is the automated network of generation, transfer and electricity consumption;
• SG is S.M.A.R.T. a system, i.e. is capable to perform self-monitoring and to provide reports as about any participants of network (its status, requirements and so forth) and the complete information about made and transferred e/e in any section: efficiency, losses or economic benefit;
• SG also increases reliability of network, providing switching, imperceptible for the consumer, to other source at failure of the basic. As reliability of separate networks of power supply already reaches 99.97% use of SG is capable to guarantee 24/7 uninterrupted power supply;
• SG increases "performance" of network in general due to reduction of losses in wires and optimum allocation of loading, setting for large consumers effective (smaller extent) connection routes.

Determination Smart Grid, smart counters, AIIS KUE

Smart Grid ("intelligent networks of power supply") are the upgraded networks of power supply which use information and communication networks and technologies for collection of information about power production and energy consumption, allowing to increase automatically efficiency, reliability, an economic benefit and also stability of production and electric power distribution.

The technological solutions Smart Grid can be separated into five key areas:

• the measuring devices and devices including, first of all, smart counters and smart sensors;
• advanced methods of management;
• advanced technologies and components of the electric network: flexible transmission systems of alternating current of FACTS, superconducting cables, semiconductor, power electronics, drives;
• the integrated interfaces and methods of decision support, technology demand management on energy, distributed systems of monitoring and kontrol), distributed systems of the current control of generation, automatic systems of measurement of the proceeding processes and also new planning methods and design both development, and functioning of power supply system and its elements;
• the integrated means of communication.

Smart counters (smart meters) of energy resources - a kind of the advanced metering devices supplied with communication means for transfer of accumulated information by means of network technologies for the purpose of monitoring and implementation of calculations for utilities.

The term "smart meter", as a rule, belonged to electric power counters, however recently is also applied to measuring instruments of other consumed resources: natural gas, heat and water.

The AIIS KUE is the Automated information measuring system of commercial electricity metering.

The AIIS KUE represents set of the equipment rooms and software tools providing remote collecting, storage and data processing about power flows in power supply networks. The AIIS KUE is necessary for automation of trade in the electric power and also performs technical functions of control of electric equipment operation modes.

The hierarchical system representing the engineering device which is functionally integrating set of measuring and information complexes of points of measurements, information complexes of electric units, an information complex and system of providing uniform time, performing functions of carrying out measurements, collecting, processing and storage of results of measurements, information on a status of objects and measuring instruments and also transfers of the acquired information in the integrated automated control system for commercial accounting in wholesale market of the electric power in the automated mode.

The main data transmission interfaces for the systems of intellectual accounting of energy resources

The information network Smart Grid integrates a set of technical elements and nodes.

In the domain of consumers of the electric power such elements are smart counters, electric devices, the systems of energy storage, the electric transport and also objects of the distributed generation.

In the domain of transfer and distribution of energy elements of an information system are blocks of measurement of phases, controllers of substations, objects of the distributed generation, the systems of energy storage.

In the operational domain elements of an information system are SCADA system.

In turn, each of above-mentioned domains can consist of the subnets that does the general architecture of network very difficult. At the same time one of key components of this information system is safety of storage and data transmission.

According to the commonly accepted approaches abroad, IP (Internet Protocol) - networks are a crucial element of the information systems Smart Grid. It is necessary to refer prevalence of this technology, existence of considerable number of already developed industry standards, considerable number of the developed corresponding software products to advantages of use of IP protocols.

Besides, solutions, creation on the principles of IP, have good scalability that the considerable number of elements of network allows to include in an information system (smart counters, home devices, etc.).

An important role in formation of perspectives of the world market of smart accounting is played by unification of data transmission interfaces from primary metering devices to hubs and from hubs - to a data processing system.

In EU countries the greatest distribution was gained by data transmission interfaces through GSM/GPRS of channels, PLC-and radio channels. The key interfaces of communication used in the systems of smart accounting of energy resources in EU countries are included below.

The key tasks solved by stakeholders at implementation of the systems of intellectual accounting of energy resources

Implementation of national strategy in the field of development of Smart Grid technologies and smart accounting pursues achievement of a number of the key aims worldwide.

For the power companies the key pursued purposes of development of Smart Grid technologies are:

• decrease in losses of energy resources;
• increase in timeliness and completeness of payment for the consumed energy resources;
• management of irregularity of the diagram of electric load;
• increase in effective management of assets of the power companies;
• quality improvement of integration of objects of renewable generation and the distributed generation in power supply system;
• reliability augmentation of functioning of power supply system in case of emergency situations;
• increase in visualization of work of objects of power infrastructure.

Key solvable tasks of consumers of energy resources at implementation of Smart Grid technologies are:

• improvement of access for consumers to power infrastructure;
• reliability augmentation of power supply of all categories of consumers;
• quality improvement of energy resources;
• creation of a modern interaction interface of power consumers with her suppliers;
• an opportunity for the consumer to act as the full participant of the energy market;
• enhanced capabilities for consumers on energy management and decrease in level of payments for the consumed energy resources.

The governments and regulators of the power industry by development of Smart Grid technologies aim to achieve the following goals:

• increase in level of consumer satisfaction of energy quality and cost of power supply;
• providing steady economic situation of the enterprises of the power industry;
• ensuring upgrade of fixed assets of the power industry without significant increase in rates.

In the world

2019

The used cloud platforms for data collection from the connected SmartGrid elements and end-to-end optimization management of power networks can be classified on two views:

• integration, used mainly for data collection and implementation of the most demanded problems of monitoring, in particular, of automatic identification of shutdowns of consumers and cases of theft of the electric power,
• and analytical, used for optimization predictive management of power networks in real time, including for management of programs of DemandResponse and objects of the distributed generation.

By estimates of J'son & Partners Consulting the global volume of consumption of services of both views of cloud IoT-platforms reached $860 million in 2018, and growth rates of consumption during 2015-2018 were 85% of CAGR. According to the forecast of J'son & Partners Consulting, the world volume of consumption of the considered views of platforms will grow in 2023 to $4.8 billion, CAGR will make 41%.

2017

75% of all energy resources on Earth are consumed by residents of the cities which share makes 53% of the general population of the planet, experts of the UN counted. By Schneider Electric estimates, by 2050 the needs for energy resources, after a share of citizens already in 86%, will grow by 50%^[1].

Partly therefore the number of the megalopolises implementing projects of the smart cities, intellectual accounting and smart power supply networks constantly grows in the world. Experts of consulting company ABI Research in the spring of 2017 predicted that till 2022 growth of number of the smart counters monitoring electricity consumption, waters and gas will be double. It will occur against the background of development of technologies of energy efficient networks of a big range (LPWAN).

The volume of profit of mobile operators on connection of power supply networks and smart counters by 2026 will be $26 billion, analysts predicted.

Machine Research. According to the forecast, by 2022 in Europe there will be 158 million intelligent metering devices connected to LPWA networks. Now about 60 million counters of Europeans are not equipped with opportunities of remote transfer of indications.

According to calculations of European Commission, by 2020 200 million counters of energy and 45 million counters of gas will be replaced. By the designated time such devices will be installed at 72% of consumers of the electric power and 40% of consumers of gas.

And still dynamics of this growth will be affected first of all by initiatives of the city administrations and governments of the countries. For example, in 2014 the government of Great Britain smart counters recognized a problem of equipment of housing of citizens national. According to ABI Research, in Great Britain the level of penetration of intelligent metering devices for the end of 2016 was less than 10%. In 2017 survey results of MoneySuperMarket showed: only 16% of inhabitants of the United Kingdom use intelligent metering devices.

Also, according to ABI Research, the government of India was going to implement 15 "pilots" in the field of smart accounting, but seven of them did not even begin. The agency on regulation of power of ANEEL of Brazil, for example, refused plans for transfer of inhabitants in the shortest possible time of An smart counters.

The supply rate of smart counters in Europe at the end of year will reach 23 million

Berg Insight predicts that deliveries of smart electric counters in Europe will grow at the end of 2017 by 21%. Supply rate will be 23.1 million devices. Growth in sales of such devices is caused by demand of smart metering devices in France, Italy and Great Britain and Spain^[2].

A significant amount of the devices deployed in 2017 uses power line communication (PLC). In 2018 the supply rate of smart PLC devices will decline, however the share of the devices working in LTE-M/nB-IoT and RF networks will grow.

"France and Spain will become the last large countries in Western Europe, the implemented intelligent solutions with PLC. Since this year Italy switches to the counters of the second generation working in hybrid networks PLC/RF. It will allow to increase reliability of data transmission", – Tobias Ryberg, the senior analyst of Berg Insight noted. Great Britain and the Netherlands are concentrated on use 2G/4G, and the countries of Scandinavia actively use RF.

Analysts of Berg Insight believe that on the technologies of mobile communication optimized for IoT (LTE-M/NB-IoT) and also RF within the next 5-10 years the majority of connections is necessary.

Transition from 2G to 4G/5G finally will provide higher performance at smaller costs. LTE-M will probably become the most suitable technology for measurements of consumption of electricity. NB-IoT will satisfy the needs for intellectual measurement of gas and water.

2016

Top global trends of development of Smart Grid technologies and smart accounting of energy resources

The analysis of the advanced world practices which is carried out by J'son & Partners Consulting allows to draw a conclusion that active development of modern technologies of accounting of energy resources allows: bring to essentially new level quality of collecting and data analysis about energy consumption of consumers; increases efficiency of operational management of power assets; promotes active involvement of power consumers in processes of regulation of own energy consumption.

And also is the important tool for increase in the overall energy efficiency of economy.

The market of Smart Grid technologies in the world are at a formation stage. At the same time continuously continuing development and upgrade of power infrastructure in each region has the features and approaches.

In recent years implementation of programs and projects in the direction of Smarts Grid covering a broad spectrum of problems and tasks was started by the vast majority of industrially developed states and also many developing countries.

The most large-scale programs and projects in this direction are developed and are performed in the USA, Canada and the European Union countries and also China, South Korea and Japan. The decision on implementation of similar programs and projects in some other the large states (India, Brazil, Mexico) is made.

In particular, by 2020 China assumes to reach equipment level modern systems of accounting of energy resources in 90-95%, the USA - 50-60%. During the period after 2020 100% equipment by smart counters is planned in the USA, China, Brazil, Japan, the majority of EU countries.

For example, as one of the main objectives of power policy of the EU countries defined in "The directive on the electric power" equipment by 2020 not less than 80% of consumers "intellectual" measuring systems is.

Obligations of the participating countries for determination of the plan of implementation of "smart" counters create a necessary impulse on deployment of programs of development of Smart systems in the European Union. In particular:

• France: the edition of the directive on smart meters in September, 2010 which charges installation of 95% of smart meters by 2016;
• Germany: the law of January, 2010 which stipulates the Smart counters installation to the new buildings reconstructed or at the customer's request;
• Great Britain: the government charged to perform implementation of smart meters between 2012 and 2020;
• Spain: The royal decree 1110/2007 and the Order of the minister 2860/2007 obliges to replace by December 31, 2018 vseelektromagnitny counters of the electric power with intellectual.

Thus, it is predicted that the world market of the systems of smart accounting of energy resources as important component of Smart Grid technologies in the medium term will continue to show steady growth. At the same time the key factors promoting global increase in demand for the systems of smart accounting of energy resources will be high growth rates of this market in EU countries, China and the USA.

International industry examples of efficiency of application of intelligent systems of accounting

Cost efficiency of project implementation in the field of the systems of intellectual accounting is confirmed with a significant amount of the implemented projects in this sphere.

Their analysis which is carried out by consultants of J'son & Partners Consulting, in relation to EU countries, and comparison of costs and benefits from implementation of the systems of intellectual accounting on the example of the electric power allows to draw the following conclusions:

• specific costs for equipment of 1 point of accounting significantly vary by EU countries and make from 94 to 766 Euro/point of accounting (during service of the device);
• specific benefits from equipment of 1 point of accounting also significantly vary by EU countries and are from 77 to 654 Euro/point of accounting (during service of the device);
• For the majority of the analyzed countries cumulative benefits from implementation of smart electricity metering exceed total costs.

In a segment of smart accounting of natural gas the estimated decrease in its consumption for the realization account of the specified projects is 0-7%.

The greatest cumulative benefits from project implementation in the field of smart accounting of natural gas are predicted in Austria (1400 million Euros) and Spain (1050 million Euros).

Project implementation on joint implementation of smart accounting of natural gas and the electric power is planned in such EU countries as Ireland, the Netherlands, Great Britain.

Cumulative benefits from implementation of such systems of smart accounting for the specified countries are estimated to 27 billion Euros, decrease in energy consumption depending on the country is estimated at 2.2-3.2%, and decrease in peak load in power supply system - at 0.5-9.9%.

2007: Law of the USA "About power independence and security"

Formally determination of smart network appeared in several years after Burr's report. It was presented in the Law of the USA "About power independence and security", approved by the U. S. Congress in January, 2007. In the explanatory note to the regulating document it was specified: "The policy of the USA should support upgrade of power grid infrastructure that will lead to increase in level of its security and efficiency". The actions plan consisted of several points:

• Use of smart networks: wider use of digital information and technologies of operational management and monitoring to increase reliability and efficiency of power generation;
• Dynamic optimization of network transactions and resources, with ensuring complete cyber security;
• Deployment and integration of the distributed resources and generation, including renewable resources, implementation of "smart" technologies (in real time, automation, interactive technologies which allow to optimize physical work of devices and home appliances) for accounting of measurements, communications concerning operation on network;
• Providing to clients (both private, and corporate) data in real time on resource consumption for operating control;
• Ensuring almost continuous managed balance between demand and supply of electrical energy, etc.

2003: Requirements to reliability will manage investments into automation

The term Smart Grid ("smart network") is for the first time mentioned in 2003 in Michael Burr's work (Michael T. Burr) "Requirements to reliability will manage investments into automation"^[3].

"Weak points in power supply system can be narrowed thanks to new capabilities of transmission of energy and the systems of network management. These two referrals will probably be got by grandiose investments in the next years", - it was noted in work of the researcher.

In the report Michael Burr also referred to the researches Electric Power Research Institute which employees predicted that electronic control in real time would replace the existing electromechanical distributor of a system, having allowed to control work of a digital network more quickly.

Michael Burr also noted the following advantages:

• Consolidation of power supply system with the systems of communications would create "dynamic, interactive power supply system" which will support information exchange in the mode real times".
• Expanded measurements: replacement of an old accounting system by an accounting system in real time
• The distributed resources: implementation of the distributed generation will allow to increase reliability and system performance.
• Efficiency of use of energy end devices of consumers: technology achievements will increase efficiency of end use of the electric power will provide more flexible management with devices.

In Russia

2021: The NB-IoT standard was not allowed to smart power meters in the Russian Federation

The standard of data transmission of Internet of Things of NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) was not included into the list admissible to use in systems and metering devices of the electric power, communication with what not less than 1 million smart power meters used in housing and public utilities should be replaced. It is reported in the letter which MTS telecommunication companies, MegaFon, VimpelCom and Tele2 sent Mintsifra's deputy head Oleg Ivanov. Read more here.

2020

The Government of the Russian Federation charged to shift the cost of smart power meters to the population

On September 24, 2020 it became known of the decision of the Government of the Russian Federation to shift the cost of smart power meters to the population. The Deputy Prime Minister Yury Borisov charged to FAS, the Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Economics and other profile departments to work the relevant initiative.

According to Kommersant with reference to these instructions which need to be performed till November 19, 2020 "the factors connected with the organization of electricity metering" can be displaid from under restrictions of growth of the general payment which is limited to limit indexes (are established for each region).

In the office of the Deputy Prime Minister Borisov confirmed to the edition that increase in a payment for utilities is possible. But that inclusion of costs for the organization of accounting did not lead to the above-standard growth of payments, the profile ministries should provide the draft resolution with detailed financial and economic justification of the final amount for which the general payment of citizens can increase.

The last years utility payments increased on average by 4%, because of purchase of new counters this level can be exceeded, the experts polled by the edition are afraid. Additional load of consumers is estimated at 60 billion rubles a year, or in 1% of growth of the final price for the electric power, said in the publication of Kommersant.

The Ministry of Energy told the edition that the Deputy Prime Minister charged "analyze the amount of financing on installation of metering devices which is subject to inclusion in rates". There noted that calculation will be conducted taking into account offers of the ministry of financing minimization, including due to carrying out checkings of old counters instead of their replacement, prolongation of term on installation of counters for consumers who till July 1 did not make it.

Minpromtorg said to Kommersant that for the Russian producers subsidies, concessional loans are provided, and the mechanism of compensation of losses of loss of income can be in some cases used.^[4]

Data on checking of power meters are entered in the electronic register of Rosstandart now

On September 24, 2020 in Russia became effective new rules of checking of household counters. Electronic registration became the only legally significant confirmation of checking, and paper certificates will have information character and to be issued at the request of people. Read more here.

Invests Rosseti in smart power meters

On July 23, 2020 Rosseti announced investment of 381 billion rubles into smart power meters within implementation of law 552-FZ on development of intelligent systems of electricity metering. Funds are allocated until 2030.

The head of the company Pavel Livinsky told about plans of Rosseti at a meeting under the leadership of the Deputy Prime Minister Yury Borisov on NPP Istok of Shokin in the science city of Fryazino situated near Moscow.

Rosseti called an intelligent system of accounting a crucial element of digital transformation of power industry. The group conducted preparation for a performance owing to FZ-522 since 2018. By July 23, 2020 15% of points or about 2.7 million devices of commercial accounting are already equipped with smart solutions.

In the company as the press service reports it, big preparatory work with suppliers was carried out. Within partnership of Rosseti and Rostec state corporation production lines, including based on NPP Istok, ready to provide the increasing requirement of the network company for "smart" counters are created and upgraded. Rosseti intend to install about 18.1 million smart power meters by the end of 2030.

As explained in Rosseti, the benefit from implementation of intellectual accounting will be felt first of all by consumers. They will be able quickly to obtain exact information on electricity consumption, to manage its volumes and cost. Service quality and reliability of power supply will increase. At the same time the serious positive effect for power engineering specialists due to reduction of losses and operating costs, increase in payment discipline, an increase in labor productivity is expected, says group.

Since January 1, 2022 creation of an accounting system should be performed only based on smart counters.^[5]

Smart power meters obliged to set Russians

On July 1, 2020 in Russia became effective the law on obligatory installation in houses and apartments of intelligent systems of electricity metering. Obligations for implementation of such equipment in apartment houses will be assigned to the guaranteeing suppliers (them are the main power supply companies of regions), and for other consumers — to the electric grid companies.

Replacement of power meters will be is performed step by step. Smart metering devices will be installed to new consumers, and the operative equipment will be replaced in process of failure, by breakdowns or the expirations of an intertesting interval.

As explained in the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, consumers will not incur purchase costs and installation of metering devices that makes 5-20 thousand rubles depending on complexity of works on installation and a type of the metering device. Also all responsibility for service and checking of metering devices is relieved from the consumer.

At the same time for the consumer there is a duty to monitor safety of the metering device if it is set in its area of responsibility (for example, in the apartment or on the land plot where there is a private house).

The main difference of smart counters from old metering devices is that they will begin to perform storage and data protection about an expense of the electric power and to route them live in the energy companies.

The data transmission method at intellectual accounting will be selected by the power company, at the same time the minimum functional requirements to a system in general are approved and to metering devices, the approval of the basic document on safety of data transmission is also provided.

Until the end of 2020 it is going to install about 2−2.5 million smart metering devices.  As believe in the Ministry of Energy, the line of metering devices will be reduced, besides, their retail sales will be excluded. It will lead "to reduction in cost of the same metering devices by time till July 1, 2020".^[6]

2019

The term — an intelligent system of accounting of electrical energy was published in the law "About Power Industry" No. 35-FZ

At the end of December, 2018 the term — an intelligent system of accounting of electrical energy was published in the law "About Power Industry" No. 35-FZ. The intelligent system of accounting is intended for collecting in the automatic mode of data from electric power metering devices. "smart counters" which reduce errors when accounting consumption are necessary for work of such systems and simplify transfer of indications from the consumer.

According to law No. 35-FZ installation of "smart counters" will begin since July, 2020. From this date new devices will be installed in apartment and private apartment houses, instead of the counters of the previous generation which are subject to replacement (for example, because of the expiration of operation, fault, etc.).

Since January 1, 2022 all devices of power accounting put into operation should be intellectual. In the new buildings put into operation since January 1, 2021 the installed devices of power accounting should be connected to the system of intellectual accounting of electrical energy by default. "Smart counters" are necessary for reduction of errors when accounting consumption and simplification of transfer of indications from the consumer.

Replacement by counters of new generation is assigned to shoulders of power supply companies, consumers are not obliged to mount new counters. "Smart counters" transmit indications remotely through mobile communication or the Internet, make the differentiated accounting of the consumed electric power, independently give a signal of fault of the device, its cracking or failure, limit supply of electricity to malicious non-payers.

Research J'son & Partners Consulting

The Russian market shows significantly more strict requirements than the markets of North America and Western Europe to developers of IoT-platforms. First, in structure of housing stock on which the Demand Response programs in the world are generally focused in Russia housing in the apartment houses connected to centralized systems of heating and hot water supply (65% of a total quantity of apartments and individual apartment houses) prevails. The minimum effect of energy consumption optimization is characteristic of such objects. Besides, in apartment houses installation of own sources of generation that is the important Smart Grid element, is almost unrealizable. Secondly, electric power cost in Russia – one of the lowest in the world (is 2.5 times lower than in the USA) that even more reduces the extent of achievable economic effect – on average $80 a year on the connected object of the residential sector against $200 in the USA, and toughens requirements to specific cost value of collecting and data analysis about energy consumption, and automatic control of it^[7].

Therefore for Russia in a bigger degree than for the USA and Western Europe the approach of "pay as you go" offered in a format of the managed services based on use of cloud IoT-platforms is reasonable (integration and analytical). The method of "Big Bang" implemented in China and at the first stage of digitalization – in the USA and Western Europe, in Russia is inapplicable.

Implementation of the end-to-end optimization energy management covering and end consumers, in Russia it makes sense to begin with individual housing stock, working it is pointwise, and only on the next stage to pass to a scope of apartment housing. It is possible only when using cloud IoT-platforms.

As for foreign market for the Russian developers, their commercial success in Russia where the most strict requirements at specific cost value are characteristic, will become important premises for success and in other markets, in particular, in potentially most interesting market of China.

It should be noted that now consumption of cloud services of integration and analytical platforms in Russia is only about $3.2 million. The functionality of data collection from the smart connected counters of electricity consumption is implemented mainly using proprietary on-premise of electric power fiscal metering systems (ASCAPCs), and in structure of consumption large business companies, such as Rosneft, Russian Railway, but not sales companies prevail. As a result the general penetration of intelligent systems of accounting of electricity consumption in Russia very little also makes the tenth shares of percent from a total quantity of objects – consumers of the electric power, and cloud IoT-platforms for creation of such systems are practically not used.

When implementing implementation projects of intelligent systems of accounting of electricity consumption in large corporations the method of "a local Big Bang" is applied - all large objects - consumers of the electric power within one company are connected. As motivation serves the possibility of selection of optimal rates from the list available to commercial consumers (including hourly), decrease in losses from theft of the electric power, timely identification of cases of shutdown of supply of electricity, process automation of billing and reconciliation of accounts. As objects with large volumes of electricity consumption are connected, the listed above effects it appears enough to compensate costs for deployment of proprietary ASCAPCs. At the same time about any participation in programs of smoothing of peaks of energy consumption in this case the speech does not go, i.e. economic effect is localized in the large commercial consumer of the electric power.

It is obvious that such approach is inapplicable for deployment of the ASCAPC in the residential sector – at cost connection and operation, on achievable economic effects. Attempts to implement cloud approach in Russia have extremely limited character so far, and concentrate generally in small management companies. It does not allow to pay back costs for connection even to rather simple cloud services. Moreover, at all obvious advantages of cloud IoT-platforms over on-premise ASCAPC, in view of rather low level of prices for the electric power in Russia for achievement of the high level of penetration the specific cost of connection to integration (MDMS) and analytical platforms should be about 3 times lower than for the global market formed now for 90% by consumption in North America and Western Europe i.e. regions with the high cost of the electric power and high per capita income. However exactly opposite picture – the average amount of payment for functionality of MDMS in a format of a cloud service 3 times more than like that in global market is observed now.

In view of a prevalence of proprietary approach to deployment of the ASCAPC in Russia and concentration of this market mainly in a segment of large business companies, the Russian ASCAPC developers have no incentives and opportunities to development of cloud IoT-platforms for implementation of functionality of the systems of intellectual accounting of electricity consumption. In turn, the lack of such platforms blocks development of the most perspective globally of the direction of analytical platforms as a basis for their successful development is an opportunity to train predictive models on the basis of the large volume of the real data which are saved up for a long historical period which can be received only from the cloud integration IoT-platforms which are absent in Russia. There are in Russia also no managed services using such platforms which are widely adopted in North America and Western Europe.

Thus, to the developers of IoT-applications and platforms for power industry focused on success in global market tselesobrazno to stake on a segment of analytical platforms, entering partnership with global leaders in a segment of integration platforms, using them as data source for training of simulation predictive models.

The insignificant amount of the Russian market of cloud integration and analytical platforms in terms of money – $3.2 million in 2018 (fact), $10.4 million in 2022 and $39.6 million in 2029 (forecast), means that:

at the minimum cost of development of the competitive IoT-platform in tens of millions of dollars and the achievable amount of the market in units of millions of dollars creation of the platforms focused only on the in-Russian market is economically inexpedient; promotion of cloud services based on IoT-platforms in Russia as self-sufficient product does not make economic sense, it is necessary to package them within complex managed services of outsourcing of functions of telemetry and telecontrol by power networks and final consumption; subsidizing of installation on the party of end consumers of elements of the systems Smart homes without whose presence automatic control of final energy consumption is impossible is necessary.

Key condition for implementation of achievement of the volumes of the Russian market of cloud IoT-platforms stated above in power industry is introduction in Russia of full programs of stimulation of management of final consumption (analogs of the Demand Response programs in North America, Western Europe and some other regions) in the absence of which the economic effect exceeding costs for digitalization of power industry is unattainable, regardless of digitalization financing sources.

For the industry and regulators conducting discussion of the regulatory base for digitalization of power industry it makes sense to correct the approach of "Big Bang" to implementation of the systems of intellectual accounting of electricity consumption considered now as the basic taking into account saved up in the USA and Western Europe of experience, with transfer of emphases on development of the systems of economic motivation of end consumers and the power companies.

2018

The State Duma adopted the law on intelligent systems of electricity metering

The State Duma adopted in December in the third reading the law initiated by the government aimed at the development of intelligent systems of electricity metering in Russia. In the document it is offered to separate different types of accounting at the legislative level^[8].

As noted before the deputy head Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation Yury Sentyurin, it is about individually installed metering devices which are not switched on in an accounting system about an accounting system which means turning on of metering devices in a data collection system, about intelligent systems of accounting which mean introduction of uniform requirements of functionalities of such systems for all network organizations in all retail markets of the electric power.

Intelligent metering devices of the electric power differ from normal counters in lack of the display and an opportunity to interfere with operation of the counter. According to the explanatory note to the document, creation of such systems will allow to reduce losses of the electric power, will provide address impact on non-payers for the delivered electric power and will increase "observability" of an electric grid.

Also the Government of the Russian Federation authority according to uniform functional requirements and rules of providing the minimum functionality of intelligent systems of accounting by the territorial network organizations (TNO) to subjects of power industry and to consumers of electricity is offered to give.

The law sets a priority for an intelligent system of calculations for the electric power. The network organization independently makes the decision, to put or not to put such accounting systems.

The operating mechanism at which the consumer himself bears responsibility for the organization of electricity metering at the same time is not abolished. The network organization has a choice: install devices of modern intellectual accounting or interact with the consumer within the operating mechanism, specified before Sentyurin.

The law will allow to create the transparent system of data on electricity consumption, to provide reliable and high-quality supply of consumers and market development of additional services from the sales organizations, said in the explanatory note.

Amendments to the second reading

To the second reading of the document amendments which regulate the expenses of the guaranteeing supplier and the network organizations suffered by them for obligation fulfillment and an order of financing of such expenses were adopted and also the order of commercial electricity metering (power) in retail markets for rendering utilities on power supply is regulated. The guaranteeing suppliers and the network organizations will be obliged to exercise control of observance of requirements and also to purchase, set, replace and allow metering devices of the electric power and other equipment to operation.

The apartment houses put into operation should be equipped individual, the general (for the communal flat) and collective (all-house) metering devices of the electric power which provide a possibility of their accession to intelligent systems of electricity metering. After January 1, 2022 the guaranteeing suppliers should provide non-paid providing the minimum feature set of intelligent systems of accounting of electrical energy to consumers of the electric power using intelligent systems of accounting of electrical energy (power).

Since January 1, 2023 in case of failure to provide or inadequate providing by the guaranteeing supplier and the network organization of access to the minimum feature set of intelligent systems of electricity metering, the consumer has the right to demand payment of a penalty. The size of a penalty is established in the form of a fixed amount, in the order determined by rules of providing access to the minimum feature set of intelligent systems of electricity metering.

Installation of "smart counters" on gas can cost the population almost 130 billion rubles

On December 11, 2018 it became known of plans of Russian authorities to oblige Russians to install "smart" counters of gas which can cost the population 130 billion rubles.

According to the Kommersant newspaper with reference to sources in the government,  for  the population spoke about introduction of intelligent systems of gas metering at  a meeting with  the Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Kozak which took place on December 4, 2018.

It is entrusted to develop offers on implementation of the "smart" counters installed in houses with the central gas supply by March, 2019. At the same time interlocutors explained to the newspaper that so far the subject is in a rudimentary stage. According to experts, installation of counters will be 4-5 thousand rubles apiece. In country scales the innovation can cost the population almost 130 billion rubles.

Dmitry Kozak's representative Ilya Dzhus noted that assignment about "primary study of a question" is given. Interlocutors in the government specified that so far "a subject in a rudimentary stage".

The CEO of "Housing and Public Utilities and Urban Environment" association  Alexey Makrushin says that if consumers are obliged to put the counter, then for  many cost will be essential, and     the state has no funds for financing the program for the budget account.

The bill of the Ministry of Energy of obligatory installation of counters for the electric power is adopted by the State Duma in November, 2017 in the first reading. By December, 2018 it is expected that it will undergo the second and third readings soon. It is supposed that responsibility for their installation will be transferred to the guaranteeing electricity providers for apartment houses and to networks — for the others.^[9]

The press service of the Ministry of Energy told RBC that if the term of installation of counters of gas is legislatively prolonged till January 1, 2021, then the risks connected with the administrative responsibility for the organizations which "perform supply with natural gas or its transfer and to whom the duty to make actions for equipping by gas metering devices till 2019 is assigned", will also be delayed till 2021.

The Ministry of Construction postponed obligatory installation of "smart" counters in new buildings

Installation of "smart" counters in the Russian new buildings will become obligatory in houses with the term of commissioning after January 1, 2020. Announced plans to set the corresponding standards to Izvestia in Ministry of Construction. It is both about all-brownies, and about individual metering devices of all resources.

In May it was reported that the Ministry of Construction intended to introduce these requirements of half a year earlier — since July 1 the 2019th. Why date as a result was postponed, the newspaper does not report. But clearly follows from material that the ministry did not support the recent initiative of Rosseti about prohibition of installation of "stupid" counters as such.

Installation of "smart" counters will become obligatory since 2019

Since July 1, 2019 in Russia can permit to install only "smart" counters of utility resources in apartment houses. It is provided by "road map" of the priority draft "Smart City" of the Digital Economy state program, Izvestia writes in May, 2018. Such devices will begin to transfer the indications to settlement centers independently.

The innovation will concern only residential buildings put into operation or which underwent major repair. And it is necessary to set not only individual, but also all-house metering devices with function of remote transfer of indications. Begin to draft the relevant amendments in regulating documents it is planned since January, 2019.

Need of reform is caused not only a rate on an innovation and convenience of users. Innovations will also allow to fight against theft, the first deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on housing policy and housing and public utilities Alexander Sidyakin explained to the edition. "Many owners of apartments often tighten up devices, insert magnets, a plenochka, twirl the counter in the opposite direction to pay less. As a result of costs lay down on other inhabitants. And if all house is connected to an intelligent system, then it is impossible to steal because any invasion will be recorded" — Sidyakin explained.

2017

Installation of "smart" power meters reduced losses in networks by 30%

New technologies help to fight against theft in power supply networks. Installation of "smart" counters reduced power losses by 10 — 30%. Experiment results in three pilot regions of Russia are like that.

Installation of smart meters of electrical energy allowed to reduce losses in networks by 10 — 30%. Results of the experiment made in three regions of Russia are like that: Kaliningrad, Tula and Yaroslavl regions. With reference to data of regional suppliers writes about it in May, 2017 TASS.

In particular, in the Kaliningrad region after installation of "smart" devices of loss decreased by 37%, reported in Yantarenergo. Within the experiment such counters were installed more than at 20 thousand regional consumers. In Tula region losses in networks decreased by 10%, reported in Tulenergo branch of PJSC IDGC of Centre i Privolzhya. Here smart meters received 27 thousand consumers.

One of the main advantages of the similar systems is an opportunity to independently transfer data on use of electricity to power supply companies in real time. As a result the probability of plunders tends practically to zero.

However not only suppliers, but also fair consumers can benefit from "smart" counters. Their installation allows to introduce the system of the differential tariffs, including for every month in a year. The consumer will manage to save significantly if he has an opportunity to use an essential share of the electric power out of the "peak" periods.

According to the experts Optima groups, in the domestic sector the number of installations of smart metering devices does not exceed also 500 thousand. Drivers of growth of the market will become change of the Russian legislation which should oblige to replace without fail the servicing and resource supplying organizations normal counters with smart, experts say. One more driver of growth of the market – development of technologies, including – Internet of Things. For example, LPWAN networks will make variety of "smart" metering devices the standard of the industry. At the same time experts do not exclude that the lack of the necessary laws or their slow execution can become barriers to development of intellectual accounting.

Bill of free installation of new counters of the electric power

In April, 2017 the bill of the government of free installation of new counters of the electric power was developed and introduced to the State Duma. Since June, 2018 can expect it those at whom the counter failed or the term of its operation (16 years) ended. Usually on replacement to residents give three-tariff counters. As experts counted, services of installation of the new one-rate counter costs the Moscow family 6 thousand rubles. Now in the most part of regions power supply companies suggest to change counters to subscribers for the money.

In March, 2017 it became known that the state intends to oblige the territorial network organizations (TNO) to implement the system of intellectual electricity metering since July 1, 2018. The Ministry of Energy drafted the bill according to which since July 1, 2018 counters of an old sample which do not support data remote transfer about the consumed resources are prohibited to installation and upgrade. Address impact on non-payers will become one of the purposes of implementation of smart metering technologies, Kommersant^[10] reports].

2016

Trends of the Russian market of intelligent devices and systems of accounting of energy resources in 2010-2015.

J’son & Partners Consulting provided in the fall of 2016 short results of a research of top trends of the Russian market of intelligent devices and systems of accounting of energy resources in 2010-2015 and forecasts of its development until 2020.

One of the main objectives facing a power complex of the whole world is development of essentially new approaches to upgrade and the innovative development of the industry directed to reliability augmentation and qualities of supply, creation of opportunities for active interaction between generation and power consumers, to expansion of opportunities for management of consumption and also mass implementation of ecologically safe energy technologies.

Premises for implementation of intelligent systems of accounting of energy resources in Russia

The problem of increase in energy efficiency of the Russian economy is one of the most relevant tasks. The policy implemented in the Russian Federation directed to increase in power efficiency of national economy provides complex upgrade of electrical power infrastructure of the country. With respect thereto the important role is played by processes of equipment of all categories of consumers modern solutions in the field of accounting of energy resources.

Acceptance by the Government of a number of consecutive solutions and, in particular, in housing and communal services, promoted significant growth of the market of metering devices in recent years.

In Russia good premises for development of intelligent systems of accounting of energy resources are created. However the specified projects, except for an electricity metering segment, meanwhile did not gain mass distribution.

Most modern systems are implemented into the Russian Federation in an electricity metering segment.

As of June, 2016 in the Russian Federation 6099 systems of the AIIS KUE are implemented.

In value term the Russian market of the AIIS KUE in 2011-2015 showed rather steady growth. If in 2011 cumulative sales of similar solutions were countrywide estimated at 1.3 billion rubles, then at the end of 2015 market size estimated was 1.9 billion rubles.

The industry structure of projects implementation in the field of implementation of the AIIS KUE is characterized by domination of objects of an electric grid in sales pattern.

In a segment of accounting of thermal energy the possibility of remote removal of indications of metering devices is available approximately for a half of the park of counters operated in the Russian Federation.

At the same time in the field of intellectual accounting of natural gas and water rather small number of projects is implemented in recent years.

Perspectives of implementation of the systems of intellectual accounting of energy resources in Russia

One of the key directions of increase in efficiency of use of energy is equipment of consumers modern systems of accounting of the electric power. Since 2005, in Russia steady growth of production and consumption of power meters was noted. Key categories of objects consumers of metering devices of the electric power are:

• individual apartment houses and apartments;
• apartment apartment houses;
• objects of electrical power infrastructure;
• objects of a commercial real estate;
• objects of the industry;
• objects of the budget sphere.

Other important direction are systems of accounting of heat. Russia has the developed system of the centralized heat supply. In the country over 52 thousand isolated systems of heat supply are operated. Except public large combined heat and power plants, in the country the large number of combined heat and power plant of industrial function, thousands of boiler houses and millions of individual heatgenerators (individual household boilers, furnaces) is operated.

The medium terms of the Russian market of water counters will be defined considerably by measures of the state support of projects in the field of development of instrument accounting of energy resources. And though today the equipment problem is considerably removed by water metering devices in the field of housing and communal services, but still there is a problem of implementation of intelligent systems of automatic accounting in consumer segment.

Equipment of consumers metering devices of natural gas is the important direction of increase in efficiency of use of energy in the field of housing and public utilities, the industry, the commercial sector. Despite a high share of natural gas in fuel and energy balance of the country, the specified segment of the market it is characterized by the considerable potential of growth, first of all in view of insufficient extent of equipping by gas meters of objects of the housing-and-municipal sector. According to Rosstat, the specific weight of living space of the housing stock equipped with natural gas in the country is about 70% that opens the huge potential for development of intelligent systems of accounting.

Perspectives of development of the Russian market of solutions for intellectual accounting of energy resources are defined by rather broad spectrum of factors among which it is necessary to select:

• the current level of implementation of metering devices of the modern types allowing to use them in multi-layer systems of scheduling;
• rates of retrofitting of consumers all-house metering devices of energy resources according to requirements of FZ-261;
• dynamics of financing of regional programs of energy saving;
• dynamics of volumes of new housing and commercial construction;
• dynamics of volumes of an overhaul of apartment housing stock;
• the cost of the technological solutions in the field of smart accounting proposed in the market of the Russian Federation;
• price level on energy resources;
• development and implementation of target programs, pilot projects in the field of smart accounting implementing solutions;
• adaptation of the existing technical industry standards to implementation of intelligent systems of accounting of energy resources.

For assessment of the medium terms of development of the Russian market of technologies of smart accounting by J'son & Partners Consulting company three possibilities of market development were formulated: basic, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios.

At the heart of scenario assumptions the following factors are considered:

• the predicted date of completion of equipment of all apartment houses all-house metering devices;
• extent of penetration of smart accounting on the market in different segments of accounting of the market of energy resources;
• growth rates of housing construction in the Russian Federation and some other.

Taking into account the scenario assumptions accepted in the research J'son & Partners Consulting it is supposed that extent of penetration of modern intellectual means of electricity metering in the Russian market by 2020 can make, depending on the scenario, from 10% to 40%. At the same time the key potential of growth of the market consists in use of solutions of the AIIS KUE on objects of housing stock.

By 2020 demand for intelligent metering devices of the electric power within the considered scenarios of market development can be from 0.7 to 3.0 million pieces.

In a segment of accounting of thermal energy extent of penetration of modern intellectual means of accounting in the market of the Russian Federation by 2020 can make depending on the scenario from 60% to 100%. The most perspective direction will be implementation of multi-layer systems of scheduling of indications of all-house metering devices of thermal energy on apartment housing stock and also solutions in the field of scheduling of the heat meters installed on the local heatsupplying objects. The forecasted demand on intelligent metering devices of thermal energy by 2020 within the considered scenarios of market development can make from 238 to 510 thousand pieces.

Rates of development of modern means of accounting of water in Russia during the period till 2020 within the executed scenario assumptions will be less considerable in comparison with segments of accounting of electrical and thermal energy. Key restraining factors for development of the specified market will be long terms of payback of similar projects and also distribution in the market of cheaper goods substitutes - traditional wing counters.

The predicted extent of penetration of modern intellectual means of accounting of water in the market of the Russian Federation by 2020 can make depending on the scenario from 15% to 40%. The most perspective direction will be implementation of multi-layer systems of scheduling of indications of all-house metering devices of water on apartment housing stock and also at large industrial consumers.

Demand for smart meters of water estimated within the considered scenarios by 2020 can be from 2.2 to 6.0 million pieces.

The main perspective direction of implementation of means of intellectual accounting of natural gas in the Russian Federation till 2020 will be implementation of the ASKUG systems at different categories of consumers, first of all on objects of apartment housing stock.

Extent of penetration of modern counters of natural gas in the market of the Russian Federation by 2020 can make depending on the scenario from 9% to 25%, and demand for the intelligent metering devices of gas (integrated into the ASKUG systems) by 2020 can vary ranging from 202 up to 593 thousand pieces a year.

You See Also

• Economy of Russia
• Enerdzhinet - the National Technology Initiative (NTI)
• Digital technologies in fuel and energy complex of Russia
• Alternative power engineering
• Power industry in Russia
• Solar power (world market)
• Wind power and wind power units (Russia and world)
• Nuclear power. Facts and myths
• Smart Grid (Smart Networks)
• The Internet of energy (MicroGrid) the Small-scale distributed power generation
• Electric generators (market of Russia)
• ASCAPC

• Internet of Things of Internet of Things (IoT)
• Internet of Things, IoT, M2M (world market)
• Internet of Things, IoT, M2M (market of Russia)
• Internet of Things: be in time it is impossible to remain
• IIoT - Industrial Internet of Things (Industrial Internet of Things)
• Industrial revolution (Industry 4.0)
• Standard NB-IoT Low-Power and Wide-Area, LPWAN

Notes