Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation

The new strategy should ensure the country's dynamic development for the long term. In the next 10-15 years, the priorities of scientific and technological development will be those areas that will allow obtaining scientific and technical results and creating innovative technologies.

State customers, according to the document, should be focused on the purchase of knowledge-intensive and innovative products created on the basis of Russian technologies.

In addition, the primary task of the state in the approved strategy is to support fundamental science as a system-forming institution for the long-term development of the nation.

Vladimir Putin approved the strategy of scientific and technological development of Russia

General provisions

1. This Strategy defines the purpose and main objectives of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, establishes the principles, priorities, main directions and measures for the implementation of state policy in this area, as well as the expected results of the implementation of this Strategy, ensuring the sustainable, dynamic and balanced development of the Russian Federation for the long term.

2. The legal basis of this Strategy is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law of June 28, 2014 M 172-FZ "On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation," other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

3. This Strategy is aimed at scientific and technological support for the implementation of the tasks and national priorities of the Russian Federation, defined in the strategic planning documents developed within the framework of goal setting at the federal level.

4. The following concepts are used in this Strategy:

a) scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation transformation of science and technology into a key factor in the development of Russia and ensuring the country's ability to effectively respond to big challenges;

b) large challenges - a combination of problems, threats and opportunities objectively requiring a response from the state, the complexity and scale of which are such that they cannot be solved, eliminated or implemented solely by increasing resources; c) priorities of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation - the most important directions of scientific and technological development of the state, within the framework of which technologies are created and used, solutions are implemented that most effectively respond to large challenges, and which are provided as a priority with personnel, infrastructure, information, financial and other resources;

d) independence - achieving independence in critical areas of life support due to high efficiency of research and development and practical application of the results obtained;

e) competitiveness - the formation of clear advantages in the scientific and technological field in relation to other states and, as a result, in the social, cultural, educational and economic fields.

5. To implement this Strategy, it is necessary to consolidate the efforts of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, scientific, educational and business communities, civil society institutions to create favorable conditions for the application of scientific and technological achievements in the interests of the socio-economic development of Russia.

6. Scientific and educational organizations, industrial enterprises, other organizations that directly carry out scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities and use the results of such activities, federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the tools at their disposal should ensure the integrity and unity of the scientific and technological development of Russia.

7. This Strategy is the basis for the development of sectoral strategic planning documents in the field of scientific and technological development of the country, state programs of the Russian Federation, state programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as planned and program-targeted documents of state corporations, state companies and joint-stock companies with state participation.

The role of science and technology in ensuring the sustainable future of the nation, in the development of Russia and determining its position in the world

8. This Strategy is adopted in an environment where the primacy in research and development, the high pace of mastering new knowledge and the creation of innovative products are the key factors determining the competitiveness of national economies and the effectiveness of national security strategies.

9. Russia is historically one of the world's scientific powers: domestic scientific and engineering schools effectively solved the problems of socio-economic development and ensuring the security of the country, made a significant contribution to the accumulation of scientific knowledge by humanity and the creation of advanced technologies. This was largely facilitated by the adequate time and structure of the economy, the system of organization of research and development. In the Russian Empire, the concentration of scientists and engineers in higher education made it possible to create and accumulate new knowledge. In the USSR, the solution of large-scale research and engineering problems was ensured by the concentration of resources in the system of the USSR Academy of Sciences and industry institutes, directive planning of research and development carried out by the State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers on Science and Technology and the USSR State Planning Commission.

10. In 1991, with the formation of the Russian Federation and the transition of the economy to a market path of development, it became necessary to redefine the place of science in Russian society. Since 1991, the state scientific and technical policy has passed two significant stages:

a) the first stage (1991-2001) - the stage of crisis optimization and adaptation to a market economy, the main strategic goal of which was to preserve the country's scientific and technological potential, the formation of new institutional mechanisms to support the development of science and technology, targeted financing of leading scientific organizations, creating conditions for international cooperation; b) the second stage (from the beginning of the 2000s to the present) the stage of Russia's transition to an innovative economy, which was accompanied by a significant increase in the amount of funding for science.

11. Currently, Russian science continues to play an important role in ensuring the security of the country and the development of world science. The modern stage is characterized by the presence of both the competitive advantages of the Russian Federation and unresolved problems that impede the scientific and technological development of the country:

a) there is significant potential in a number of areas of basic scientific research, which is reflected, among other things, in the framework of joint international projects, including the creation and use of unique scientific installations of the megacyence class. However, the directions of research and development largely correspond to those relevant to the last decades of the last century;

b) there are several hundred scientific and educational centers conducting world-class research and development. At the same time, there is a significant differentiation of scientific and educational organizations in terms of efficiency and efficiency, the concentration of research potential in only a few regions of the country;

c) since 2004, the number of scientists under the age of 39 has increased by about 30 percent, the overall age structure of scientific personnel has noticeably leveled personnel Russian schoolchildren and students are traditionally among the leaders of international competitions in the field of natural and technical disciplines, but not all of them realize themselves in this area. This does not allow overcoming the current negative trends in terms of the demographic state, qualifications and level of mobility of Russian researchers: in the global ranking of attracting talents, Russia is in the sixth dozen countries, acting as a donor of human capital for world science;

d) given the positive experience of implementing large-scale technological projects, including in the field of ensuring the defense and security of the state, the problem of immunity of the economy and society to innovation remains, which prevents the practical use of research and development results (the share of innovative products in the total production is only 8-9 percent; investments in intangible assets in Russia are 3-10 times lower than in leading states; the share of exports of Russian high-tech products in the world export volume is about 0.4 percent). There is little to no transfer of knowledge and technology between the defence and civil sectors of the economy, which is hampering the development and use of dual-use technologies;

e) the effectiveness of Russian research organizations is significantly lower than in the leading countries (United States of America, Japan, Republic of Korea, People's Republic of China): despite the fact that in terms of research and development costs (in 2014 Russia ranked ninth in the world in terms of internal research and development costs, fourth in the world in terms of budgetary allocations for civil science) and the number of researchers, the Russian Federation is included in the second group of leading countries (countries European Union, Australia, Republic of Singapore, Republic of Chile), in terms of efficiency (the volume of publications in high-rating journals, the number of international patents issued for the results of research and development, the volume of revenues from the export of technologies and high-tech products), Russia falls only into the third group of countries (a number of countries of Eastern Europe and Latin America);

f) weak interaction of the research and development sector with the real sector of the economy, the openness of the innovation cycle lead to the fact that public investment in human capital actually increases the competitiveness of other economies, as a result of which the ability to retain the most efficient scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs who create breakthrough products is significantly reduced in comparison with countries leading in the field of innovation; g) there is inconsistency of priorities and tools to support the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation at the national, regional, industry and corporate levels, which does not allow the formation of production value chains for high-tech products and services, to ensure the greatest multiplicative effect from the use of created technologies.

12. With the continued potential and competitive advantages of Russian science, the negative factors and trends listed in paragraph 1 1 of this Strategy create the risks of Russia lagging behind the countries of world technological leaders and devaluing internal investments in the field of science and technology, reduce Russia's independence and competitiveness in the world, and jeopardize the country's national security. In the context of significant restrictions on other opportunities for the development of the Russian Federation, these risks and threats become a significant barrier to the long-term growth of the well-being of society and the strengthening of Russian sovereignty.

Strategic Guidelines and Opportunities for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation

Great challenges for society, the state and science

13. The scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation is one of the priorities of state policy and is determined by a complex of external and internal (in relation to the field of science and technology) factors that form a system of large challenges.

14. Large challenges create significant risks for society, the economy, the public administration system, but at the same time represent an important factor for the emergence of new opportunities and prospects for the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation. At the same time, science and technology are one of the tools for responding to these challenges, playing an important role not only in ensuring the sustainable development of civilization, but also in assessing the risks and possible dangers to humanity.

15. The most significant from the point of view of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation are:

a) exhaustion of opportunities for economic growth Russia based on extensive exploitation of raw materials, against the background of the formation of a digital economy and the emergence of a limited group of leading countries with new production technologies and oriented towards the use of renewable resources;

b) demographic transition due to an increase in the life expectancy of people, a change in their lifestyle, and the associated aging of the population, which together leads to new social and medical problems, including an increase in the threats of global pandemics, an increase in the risk of new infections and the return of disappeared infections;

c) an increase in anthropogenic loads on the environment to the extent that threaten the reproduction of natural resources, and an increase in risks to the life and health of citizens associated with their inefficient use;

d) the need to ensure food security and food independence of Russia, the competitiveness of domestic products in world food markets, reducing technological risks in the agro-industrial complex;

e) qualitative change in the nature of global and local energy systems, increasing the importance of energy efficiency of the economy and increasing the volume of energy generation and conservation, its transmission and use;

e) new external threats to national security (including military threats, threats to the loss of the national and cultural identity of Russian citizens) caused by increased international competition and conflict, global and regional instability, and their strengthening with internal threats to national security;

g) the need for effective development and use of space, including by overcoming imbalances in the socio-economic development of the country's territory, as well as strengthening Russia's position in the field of economic, scientific and military development of space and airspace, the World Ocean, the Arctic and Antarctica.

16. Global changes in the organization of scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities lead to the emergence of the following significant internal factors for the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation:

a) compression of the innovation cycle: significantly reduced the time between the acquisition of new knowledge and the creation of technologies, products and services, their entry into the market;

b) blurring disciplinary and sectoral boundaries in research and development;

c) a sharp increase in the volume of scientific and technological information, the emergence of fundamentally new ways of working with it and a change in the forms of organization, hardware and software tools for conducting research and development;

d) increasing requirements for the qualifications of researchers, international competition for talented highly qualified workers and attracting them to science, engineering, technological entrepreneurship;

e) increasing the role of international standards, highlighting a limited group of countries that dominate research and development, and the formation of a scientific and technological periphery that loses its scientific identity and is a personnel "donor."

17. The peculiarities of the formation of state policy in the field of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, taking into account large challenges, determine the new role of science and technology as the fundamental elements of solving many national and global problems, ensuring the ability to predict changes taking place in the world, take into account internal trends, expectations and needs of Russian society, timely recognize new big challenges and effectively respond to them.

18. A timely response to big challenges should be the creation of technologies, products and services that not only meet the national interests of the Russian Federation and are necessary to significantly improve the quality of life of the population, but also in demand in the world.

Priorities and prospects for the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation

19. The implementation of priority directions for the development of science, technology and technologies at the first stage of the implementation of the state scientific and technical policy made it possible to obtain results and form competencies necessary for the transition to the implementation of new priorities for the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation that meet great challenges.

20. In the next 10-15 years, the priorities of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation should be considered those areas that will allow to obtain scientific, scientific and technical results and create technologies that are the basis for the innovative development of the domestic market of products and services, the sustainable position of Russia in the foreign market, and will ensure:

a) transition to advanced digital, intelligent production technologies, robotic systems, new materials and design methods, creation of systems for processing large amounts of data, machine learning and artificial intelligence;

b) transition to environmentally friendly and resource-saving power, improvement of efficiency of extraction and deep processing of hydrocarbon raw materials, formation of new sources, methods of energy transportation and storage;

c) transition to personalized medicine, high-tech healthcare and health saving technologies, including through the rational use of drugs (primarily antibacterial);

d) transition to a highly productive and environmentally friendly agricultural and aqua farm, development and implementation of systems for the rational use of chemical and biological protection of agricultural plants and animals, storage and effective processing of agricultural products, creation of safe and high-quality, including functional, food products;

e) countering technogenic, biogenic, sociocultural threats, terrorism and ideological extremism, as well as cyber threats and other sources of danger to society, the economy and the state;

f) the connectivity of the territory of the Russian Federation due to the creation of intelligent transport and telecommunication systems, as well as the occupation and retention of leadership positions in the creation of international transport and logistics systems, the development and use of space and airspace, the oceans, the Arctic and Antarctica; g) the possibility of an effective response of Russian society to great challenges, taking into account the interaction of man and nature, man and technology, social institutions at the current stage of global development, including using the methods of the humanities and social sciences.

21. It is necessary to ensure that the country is ready for large challenges that have not yet manifested themselves and have not received wide public recognition, to provide for a timely assessment of the risks associated with scientific and technological development. The key role in this should be played by Russian fundamental science, which ensures the acquisition of new knowledge and relies on its own development logic. The support of fundamental science as a system-forming institution for the long-term development of the nation is the primary task of the state.

22. In the long term, research in the field of understanding processes occurring in society and nature, the development of nature-like technologies, human-machine systems, climate management and ecosystems becomes particularly relevant. The relevance of research related to the ethical aspects of technological development, changes in social, political and economic relations is increasing.

23. One of the main tools that ensure the transformation of fundamental knowledge, exploratory scientific research and applied scientific research into products and services that contribute to the achievement of the leadership of Russian companies in promising markets within both existing and emerging (including after 2030) priorities should be the National Technology Initiative.

Opportunities for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation

24. The scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation can be carried out according to two alternative scenarios:

a) import of technologies and fragmentary development of research and development integrated into world science, but occupying subordinate positions in it;

b) leadership in selected areas of scientific and technological development within the framework of both traditional and new markets for technologies, products and services and the construction of a holistic national innovation system.

25. The first scenario is characterized by stagnation of the relative level of expenses for research and development work and leads to the loss of technological independence and competitiveness of Russia. The second scenario involves overcoming the current negative trends, effective restructuring of both the corporate and public sectors of research, development and innovation, and at the same time requires a faster increase in research and development costs in relation to the gross domestic product and their level approaching the indicators of countries developed in scientific and technological terms.

26. Sustainable development of Russia, ensuring structural changes in the country's economy and joining the group of countries with high growth rates of gross domestic product are possible only within the framework of the second scenario, which is the target.

27. The implementation of the second scenario will require a concentration of resources on obtaining new scientific results, necessary for the transition of the country to the following technological structures, the implementation of a complex of organizational, legal and other measures aimed at significantly increasing the efficiency of research and development costs, an increase in the return on investments in the relevant areas of the economy, for the development of national research and development centers, creating effective partnerships with foreign research centers and organizations, creating and developing private companies, able to become leaders, including in new global technology markets.

The purpose and main objectives of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation

28. The goal of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation is to ensure the independence and competitiveness of the country by creating an effective system for building and most fully using the intellectual potential of the nation.

29. To achieve the goal of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to solve the following main tasks:

a) create opportunities for identifying talented youth and building successful careers in the field of science, technology and innovation, thereby ensuring the development of the country's intellectual potential;

b) create conditions for research and development that comply with the modern principles of the organization of scientific, scientific and technical, innovative activities and the best Russian and world practices;

c) to form an effective communication system in the field of science, technology and innovation, ensuring an increase in the susceptibility of the economy and society to innovation, creating conditions for the development of knowledge-intensive business;

d) to form an effective modern management system in the field of science, technology and innovation, ensuring an increase in the investment attractiveness of the research and development sphere, as well as the efficiency of investments in this sphere, the effectiveness and demand of research and development;

e) contribute to the formation of a model of international scientific and technical cooperation and international integration in the field of research and technological development, which allows to protect the identity of the Russian scientific sphere and state interests in the context of the internationalization of science and increase the efficiency of Russian science through mutually beneficial international interaction.

State Policy in the Field of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation

Principles of state policy in the field of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation

30. The fundamental principles of the state policy in the field of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation are:

a) freedom of scientific and technical creativity: enabling scientific teams and organizations, other research and development participants to choose and combine directions, forms of interaction, methods of solving research and technological problems while increasing their responsibility for the effectiveness of their activities and the importance of the results obtained for the development of the national economy and society;

b) systematic support: ensuring a complete cycle of obtaining new knowledge, developing qualitatively new technologies, creating innovative, breakthrough products and services, forming new markets, and taking up a sustainable position on them;

c) concentration of resources: concentration of intellectual, financial, organizational and infrastructure resources on the support of research and development, creation of products and services necessary to answer the great challenges facing the Russian Federation;

d) rational balance: state support for research and development aimed at solving both significant tasks within the framework of the priorities of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation and tasks initiated by researchers and determined by the internal logic of the development of science, state and public support for fundamental research as an instrument of long-term development of the country;

e) openness: effective interaction of scientific organizations, research and development participants With representatives of the business community, society and the state, as well as based on national interests with the international community;

f) targeted support and fair competition: the use of public mechanisms to ensure access to state infrastructure, financial and non-financial resources of the most effective research teams, other subjects of scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities, regardless of their organizational and legal form and form of ownership.

Main directions and measures of implementation of the state policy in the field of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation

31. Personnel and human capital. Creating opportunities for identifying talented youth, building successful careers in the field of science, technology, innovation and developing the country's intellectual potential are achieved by:

a) long-term planning and regular updating of priority scientific, scientific and technical projects that make it possible to form competitive teams that unite researchers, developers and entrepreneurs;

b) strengthening the role of reputational mechanisms in recognizing the scientific qualifications and merits of researchers, increasing the authority of scientists in society;

c) the development of a modern system of scientific and technical creativity of children and youth;

d) targeted support for young scientists and specialists in the field of scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities, the results of which ensure the socio-economic development of Russia;

e) creating a competitive environment open to attracting world-class scientists and young talented researchers with high-level scientific results to work in Russia, as well as creating new research groups focused, among other things, on the convergence of areas of knowledge and areas of activity;

f) implementation, including with the involvement of private investment and funds of the federal, regional and local budgets innovative projects to create at leading scientific and educational organizations a social, primarily housing, infrastructure necessary to ensure the targeted mobility of participants in scientific and technological development.

32. Infrastructure and environment. The creation of conditions for research and development that comply with the modern principles of the organization of scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities and the best Russian practices is ensured by:

a) development at the expense of the federal, regional and local budgets, as well as private investment of infrastructure and support for the functioning of centers for collective use of scientific and technological equipment, experimental production and engineering;

b) support the creation and development of unique scientific installations of the "megasayence" class, large research infrastructures on the territory of the Russian Federation;

c) access of research groups to national and international information resources;

d) avoiding excessive bureaucratization, as well as simplifying procurement procedures for materials and samples for research and development;

e) participation of Russian scientists and research groups in international projects providing access to new competencies and (or) resources of the organization based on the national interests of the Russian Federation;

f) development of network forms of organization of scientific, scientific and technical and innovative activities, including research, engineering and production consortia, cluster forms of development of high-tech business;

g) support of individual territories (regions) with a high concentration of research, development, innovative infrastructure, production and their connection with other constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the transfer of technologies, products and services.

33. Interaction and cooperation. The formation of an effective communication system in the field of science, technology and innovation, increasing the susceptibility of the economy and society to innovation, the development of a knowledge-intensive business are achieved by:

a) creating conditions that ensure the mutual influence of science and society by involving society in the formation of requests for the results of research activities;

b) forming tools for supporting translational research and organizing a system of technological transfer, protection, management and protection of intellectual property, ensuring the rapid transition of research results to the stage of practical application;

c) systemic support of interaction of large companies and government bodies of the Russian Federation with small and medium-sized innovative, scientific and educational organizations, as well as their involvement in the technological renewal of economic sectors and the creation of new markets;

d) creation of a system of state support for national companies, ensuring their technological breakthrough and occupation of a sustainable position in new, emerging markets, including within the framework of the National Technology Initiative;

e) implementing an information policy aimed at developing a technological culture, innovative susceptibility of the population and popularizing significant results in the field of science, technology and innovation, the achievements of outstanding scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, their role in ensuring the socio-economic development of the country.

34. Management and investment. The formation of an effective modern management system in the field of science, technology and innovation, ensuring an increase in the investment attractiveness of the research and development field are achieved by:

a) harmonizing the state scientific, scientific and technical, innovative, industrial, economic and social policies, including through the creation of effective mechanisms for the consistent implementation, adjustment and updating of the priorities of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation;

b) transfer of budget managers to the "qualified customer" model, which implies the creation of a system for the formation and implementation of strategically significant projects, acceptance of scientific and technical results and assessment of the result of their use;

c) orientation of government customers to purchase knowledge-intensive and innovative products created on the basis of Russian technologies;

d) increasing the access of non-governmental companies to participate in promising, commercially attractive scientific and scientific and technical projects with state participation and creating flexible mechanisms for adapting to changes in market conditions at all stages of the implementation of these projects;

e) simplifying tax and customs administration, as well as creating significant tax incentives in the field of scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities;

f) development of instruments of return, sowing and venture financing for the creation and (or) modernization of industries based on the use of Russian technologies, as well as the creation of conditions for investment in the field of research and development for business entities, credit and financial structures and individuals;

g) development of a system of scientific and technological forecasting, analysis of world trends in the development of science, as well as improving the quality of expertise for making effective decisions in the field of scientific, scientific, technological and socio-economic development, public administration, rational use of all types of resources;

h) transition to modern models of statistical observation, analysis and assessment of the economic and social effectiveness of scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities, new industries and markets.

35. Cooperation and integration. International scientific and technical cooperation and international integration in the field of research and technology, which make it possible to protect the identity of the Russian scientific sphere and state interests in the context of the internationalization of science and increase the efficiency of Russian science through mutually beneficial international interaction, are achieved by:

a) determination of goals and format of interaction with foreign states depending on the level of their technological development and innovative potential;

b) formation and promotion of the current scientific agenda of the state as a participant in international organizations, increasing the level of Russia's participation in international systems of scientific and technical expertise and forecasting;

c) localization of large international scientific projects on the territory of the country in order to solve problems associated with large challenges;

d) development of the mechanism of scientific diplomacy as a type of public diplomacy;

e) the implementation of coordinated support measures ensuring the entry of Russian scientific, educational organizations and production companies into global knowledge and technology markets, as well as Russia's proactive participation in the development of technological standards and scientific and educational formats that contribute to increasing its role in the formation of new markets.

Results and main stages of implementation of this Strategy

Results of implementation of this Strategy

36. The implementation of this Strategy should change the role of science and technology in the development of society, economy and the state and lead to the following results:

a) ensure the country's readiness for existing and emerging large challenges based on the generation and application of new knowledge and the effective use of human potential;

b) improve the quality of life of the population, ensure the security of the country and strengthen Russia's position in the global ranking of living standards by creating demanded products, goods and services on the basis of advanced scientific research;

c) ensure technological renewal of the traditional sectors of the economy for Russia and an increase in the share of products of new high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries in the gross domestic product based on structural changes in the Russian economy;

d) ensure the promotion of Russian technologies and innovative products to new markets, the growth of revenues from the export of high-tech products, services and rights to technologies and, as a result, strengthening the influence and competitiveness of Russia in the world;

e) to create an effective system for organizing research and development, ensuring high efficiency and demand in the socio-economic field of research and development, increasing investment in research and development and increasing the share of private investment in internal research and development costs, the attractiveness of work in Russia for the most promising researchers and increasing the role of Russian science in the world;

f) ensure the growth of the influence of science on the technological culture in Russia, increase the degree of understanding of political, economic, cultural, information and other processes occurring in modern society and the various natural and social factors affecting them, as well as ensure an increase in the degree of organization of social relations and contribute to the prevention of social conflicts.

37. As a result of the implementation of this Strategy, the sphere of science, technology and innovation should function as a single system integrated with the socio-economic system of the country and ensuring the independence and competitiveness of Russia.

Main stages of implementation of this Strategy

38. The implementation of this Strategy is carried out in several stages related to the stages of development of the economy and the budgetary system of the Russian Federation. For each of the stages, indicators are established that reflect the progress and main results of the implementation of this Strategy.

39. At the first stage of implementation of this Strategy (2017-2019):

a) organizational, financial and legislative mechanisms are created that ensure the harmonization of scientific, scientific and technical, innovative, industrial, economic and social policies and the readiness of the Russian Federation for great challenges;

b) scientific projects are being launched, which are aimed at obtaining new fundamental knowledge necessary for long-term development, and are based, among other things, on the convergence of various areas of research, including humanitarian and social;

c) the implementation of scientific and technical projects within the framework of the priorities of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation defined in this Strategy begins;

d) an integral system of sustainable reproduction and recruitment of personnel for the scientific and technological development of the country is formed;

e) conditions are created necessary for the growth of investment attractiveness of scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities.

40. At the second stage of the implementation of this Strategy (2020-2025) and in the future:

a) fundamentally new scientific and technological solutions are formed in the interests of the national economy, based, among other things, on nature-like technologies;

b) measures are being implemented aimed at stimulating the transition to the stage of active commercialization of the results of intellectual activity and to the large-scale creation of new products and services based on technologies that respond to large challenges;

c) increasing the volume of exports of technologies and high-tech products, including through the implementation of the National Technology Initiative and the support of national companies when entering the global market.

41. The development of plans for the implementation of this Strategy for each subsequent stage is carried out at the stage preceding the current one.

Mechanisms for implementation of this Strategy

Management of implementation of this Strategy. Tasks, functions and powers of state authorities of the Russian Federation

42. The implementation of this Strategy is ensured by coordinated actions of federal state authorities, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, state bodies, local governments, state academies of sciences, scientific and educational organizations, funds for supporting scientific, scientific and technical and innovative activities, public organizations, the business community, state corporations, state companies and joint-stock companies with state participation.

43. The Government of the Russian Federation, with the participation of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Science and Education, develops and approves an action plan for the implementation of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the plan) providing for comprehensive application of principles, directions and measures of state policy in the field of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, creation of mechanisms for identification and updating of large challenges, as well as achievement of results on priorities of scientific and technological development of the country established by this Strategy. The Plan includes tasks and activities grouped by stages of implementation of this Strategy, implementation of which is ensured within the framework of implementation of the policy in the field of scientific and technological development, as well as industrial, innovative, economic, educational and social policies. The Plan is an integral part of this Strategy and is taken into account when forming and adjusting the federal budget and state programs of the Russian Federation.

44. The implementation of this Strategy is carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation in cooperation with federal executive bodies, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies, state academies of sciences, scientific and educational organizations, funds for supporting scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities, public organizations, the business community, state corporations, state companies and joint-stock companies with state participation.

45. To achieve the results on the priorities of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation established by this Strategy, the Government of the Russian Federation, in agreement with the Presidential Council on Science and Education, forms and approves comprehensive scientific and technical programs and projects that include all stages of the innovation cycle: from obtaining new fundamental knowledge to its practical use, creating technologies, products and services and entering the market.

46. To identify, select and form the most promising projects and programs, councils are created in priority areas of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, which carry out expert and analytical support for the implementation of the priorities of the country's scientific and technological development. The procedure for the creation and functioning of these councils is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

47. Coordination of the activities of the councils in priority areas of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation is carried out by the Presidium of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation on science and education.

48. Financial support for the implementation of this Strategy is provided through the budget allocations of the federal budget, including those provided for the implementation of state programs of the Russian Federation, and Tayuka from regional and local budgets and extrabudgetary sources. Funding is based on the growth in efficiency of science, technology and innovation through a phased increase in research and development costs and bringing them to a level of at least two percent of gross domestic product, including proportional growth in private investment, the level of which should be at least public by 2035. A phased increase in research and development costs should also depend on the effectiveness of Russian research and development organizations.

49. Information on the results of the plan implementation shall be posted on the information and telecommunication network "Internet" in the scope and procedure established by the federal executive body authorized to develop and implement the state policy in the field of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation.

50. Control over the implementation of the plan is carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Monitoring the implementation of this Strategy

51. In order to monitor the implementation of this Strategy, the Government of the Russian Federation, together with the Presidium of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation on Science and Education, establishes a list of indicators of its implementation, the dynamics of which are subject to monitoring, and the values ​ ​ of certain (target) indicators that reflect (including in comparison with the values ​ ​ of the corresponding indicators of economically developed countries) the level of achievement of the results of implementation and the goal of this Strategy, including:

a) the influence of science and technology on the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, including due to the transition to a model of large challenges;

b) the state and effectiveness of the field of science, technology and innovation;

c) quality of state regulation and service support of scientific, scientific, technical and innovative activities.

52. Monitoring of the implementation of this Strategy is carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation, analysis of the implementation of the plan - by the Presidium of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Science and Education.

53. The results of monitoring the implementation of this Strategy and the implementation of the plan are reflected in the joint expert analysis report of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Presidium of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation on science and education on the scientific and technological development of the country, which is submitted to the President of the Russian Federation at least once every three years.

54. The expert and analytical report is considered by the Council under the President of the Russian Federation on Science and Education, which, based on the results of consideration of the report, submits to the President of the Russian Federation proposals for adjusting this Strategy and plan.

Rating of scientific and technological development of regions

2022: The Ministry of Education and Science released the first rating of scientific and technological development of regions

In November 2022 Ministry of Education and Science , it issued the first rating of the scientific and technological development of the regions. The top three included, and the Moscow St. Petersburg Tomsk region. In addition, the republics of Bashkortostan, and Tatarstan, as well as,,, Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod Novosibirsk Sverdlovsk Ulyanovsk regions were included in the top 10 of the list.

As the head of the Ministry of Education and Science Valery Falkov noted, this rating is designed to help scientists, entrepreneurs and authorities build effective work trajectories, it can be used to develop the research sector, career or business decisions.

Rating of scientific and technological development of regions

For example, representatives of companies focused on science-intensive technologies will be able to understand by rating which region is more suitable for organizing production. For these purposes, the ranking has developed a block "Environment for conducting a knowledge-intensive business." And, of course, the rating will be a good clue for young scientists and specialists who are motivated for professional development and choose the region to develop their competencies, "said Valery Falkov.

It is specified that a total of 33 indicators are used to compile the rating, which are grouped into 3 blocks: authorities, an environment for conducting high-tech business and an environment for researchers to work. They were calculated on the basis of data from Rosstat, Rospatent, the Ministry of Industry and Trade, as well as official Internet portals of specialized organizations and development institutions.

The rating was formed on behalf of the president, Russia Vladimir Putin which he gave in February 2022. This task was included in the list of instructions following a joint meeting of the State Council and the Presidential Council on Science and Education.

According to Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko, the main goal of the rating is to "stimulate the regions to change their approaches to the formation of a scientific and technological environment." It is assumed that the rating will be compiled annually and published until October 1.^[1]

History

2024

Provision of the state program. 12 directions

On November 7, 2024, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia presented an updated version of the state program for scientific and technological development, including 12 priority areas. The adjustment of the program is associated with the update of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development and the need to achieve the country's technological leadership.

According to Kommersant, the goal of the program is to ensure the independence and competitiveness of the state. According to the ministry's calculations, the implementation of the program will allow Russia to become one of the eight leading countries in terms of research and development by 2030.

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Freepik

The program provides for an increase in domestic research and development costs to 2% of GDP, while the share of extrabudgetary sources should grow from 30.6% to 43%. According to the HSE Institute for Statistical Research and Knowledge Economics, in 2023 this figure was 0.96% of GDP, which corresponded to 43rd place in the world.

The state program includes the following areas:

1. New technologies.
2. Power.
3. Medicine.
4. Agro-industrial complex.
5. Security issues.
6. Increase the level of connectivity of the territories of Russia.
7. Socio-humanitarian challenges.
8. Ecology.
9. Interaction of science, technology and production.
10. Infrastructure and environment.
11. Personnel and human capital.
12. Basic research and scientific leadership.

In terms of absolute indicators of spending on science, Russia ranks ninth in the world with a volume of $61.8 billion, calculated at purchasing power parity. The leading positions are held by the United States ($923.2 billion), China ($811.9 billion) and Japan ($200.8 billion).

The initial version of the state program was approved by the government in 2019. The new edition takes into account the May presidential decree on national development goals and is aimed at creating domestic science-intensive technologies.^[2]

Russian President Vladimir Putin approved the priority areas of scientific and technological development of Russia

The President Russia Vladimir Putin in June 2024 signed a decree determining the priority areas of the country's scientific and technological development. The document, published on the portal of legal acts, lists seven key areas, including strengthening the sociocultural identity of society and adaptation to climate change.

According to the decree, the main directions of the scientific and technological development of Russia will be highly efficient and resource-saving power, preventive and personalized medicine, highly productive and sustainable agriculture, the security of obtaining, storing, transmitting and processing information, as well as intelligent transport and telecommunication systems, including autonomous vehicles, strengthening the socio-cultural identity of Russian society and increasing the level of its education, adaptation to climate change.

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kremlin.ru

According to Kommersant, the decree also approves a list of knowledge-intensive technologies, divided into critical and end-to-end, a total of 28 categories. These technologies cover the fields of power, medicine, agriculture, electronics, transport and ecology. In particular, critical technologies include the creation of systems for the generation, distribution and storage of atomic energy, the development of new veterinary medicines and the creation of chemical and biological means to increase crop yields.

The President instructed the government to determine the amount of funding for activities related to the implementation of these technologies within three months and to conduct these events within six months.

According to Kommersant, the new strategy for scientific and technological development is aimed at ensuring the innovative development of the domestic market for products and services, as well as at strengthening Russia's position in the foreign market. Particular attention is paid to creating opportunities for talented youth in the field of science and developing the conditions for research and development.^[3]

2023

Putin approved the strategy of scientific and technological development of Russia until 2030

Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree approving a new strategy for the scientific and technological development of Russia. The corresponding document was published on February 28, 2024.

In order to comprehensively solve the strategic tasks of developing fundamental and exploratory scientific research, experimental and technological work, experimental development, ensuring the creation of knowledge-intensive technological solutions significant for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, I decide: 1. To approve the attached Development Strategy of the Russian Science Foundation for the period until 2030, the document says.

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Kremlin.ru

The new strategy defines the goals, main tasks and priorities of the country's scientific and technological development, establishes the directions of state policy in this area and measures for their implementation. The President of the Russian Federation instructed the Cabinet to ensure the financing of the project at the expense of budgetary allocations provided for in the budget for the program "Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation."

Another instruction to the government is that when forming budget projects in 2025-2030. provide funding for applied scientific research and other actions as part of the implementation of the priorities of the country's scientific and technological development.

According to strategy, priorities of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation among other things are:

• transition to advanced technologies for designing and creating high-tech products, including using robots, artificial intelligence and machine learning;
• transition to environmentally friendly and resource-saving power;
• the transition to personalized and high-tech medicine;
• creation of smart transport, energy and telecommunication systems.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on the strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation

Electronic engineering and drones: Manturov told in which industries managed to achieve a breakthrough

At the end of December 2023, Deputy Prime Minister and Head of the xxMinistry of Industry and Trade Denis Manturov told in which industries Russia a breakthrough was achieved. Among other things, the Deputy Prime Minister drew attention to the high results of domestic producers. drones

This year, we actually began to re-form the electronic engineering industry, increased production in one of the most important industries for technological sovereignty: small and medium-tonnage chemistry. We expect that in 2023 the growth in the production of such products will be 10%. In addition, we can definitely say that the current year has become a springboard for the development of machine tool building, "Manturov said, answering a question from a RIA Novosti journalist about the breakthroughs that occurred in industry in 2023 (the interview was published on December 25, 2023).

Denis Manturov

According to him, Russia managed to "achieve significant results" in the field of the drone manufacturer, but by the end of 2023 this market is at the formation stage, therefore, as Manturov pointed out, it is difficult to calculate the exact production figures. The Deputy Prime Minister only noted that the two largest manufacturers of drones in the Russian Federation - Geoskan Group of Companies and Aeromax - recorded an increase in production at the end of 2023.

The head of the Ministry of Industry and Trade said that Russia is ahead of Western countries in the production of weapons. By the end of 2023, such departments as the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Industry and Trade are actively working on this issue. The minister added that Moscow intends to maintain a given pace.

But how much the spirit of Western countries is enough, here I would not want to be responsible for them. While we are going with a certain lead, "Manturov concluded in an interview given at the end of December 2023[4]

Putin signed a decree on the development of forecasts for the scientific and technological development of Russia

Russia Vladimir Putin The President signed a decree "On the procedure for developing and adjusting the forecast of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation." The Kremlin press service announced this on August 17, 2023.

According to the document, the forecast for the development of scientific potential will be made for 12 years, and revised every six years. It, in particular, is being developed to provide the president, government and other executive authorities with the information necessary to make management decisions in this area, as well as ensure national security. The forecast will be developed and adjusted on the basis of the president's annual messages to the Federal Assembly, the strategic forecast of Russia and other acts and decisions of the head of state.

As specified in the accompanying materials, the forecast for the scientific and technological development of the country will be developed on the basis of the decisions of the president, taking into account the data provided by federal and regional executive bodies, as well as the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS).

The Presidential Council for Science and Education will coordinate the development of the forecast, taking into account the analysis of existing and possible challenges in the field of ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of the country, assessing the achieved level of scientific and technical development, etc. The deadline for developing a forecast will not exceed 12 months, and its adjustments - six months.

Earlier in 2023, Vladimir Putin instructed the government, together with the presidium of the Council on Science and Education, to submit proposals for changes to the country's scientific and technological development strategy by October 15, taking into account the existing and predicted challenges. In addition, Putin instructed the government to present ideas for clarifying the results and indicators in the field of scientific and technological development of Russia by 2030. The report must be submitted by August 31, 2023.^[5]

The government has developed a concept for the technological development of Russia until 2030

The Russian government has developed a concept for the technological development of Russia until 2030. It is planned to approve the document in March 2023, according to the secretariat of the First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Andrei Belousov. According to him, each of the blocks of the concept will be discussed with leading experts from science and business.

The concept will define the concept, goals, objectives and principles of achieving the country's technological sovereignty, as well as technological development targets. It consists of three sections: sustainable technological sovereignty, technology as a factor in economic growth and social development, and technological support for the sustainable functioning of production systems. Each of these sections consists of mechanisms that will solve these problems, including training and the development of competencies, the concentration of domestic science on priorities, the elimination of regulatory barriers, the creation of conditions for the growth of small technological companies, the localization of production, the launch of large industrial projects and others.

The concept of technological development of the Russian Federation until 2030 is planned to be approved in March 2022

We are talking about changing the key model of interaction between the two processes, explains Andrei Belousov. This is the development of science (when the main product is knowledge, and technologies are rather side-by-side) and the development of production (when technologies are a mandatory component element subordinate to the logic of market development, increasing competitiveness). These processes are located nearby, attempts to build a relationship between them have already been made, but the results are insufficient.

There are several ways to make a breakthrough and solve the tasks, he continued. The first is the institutional "crosslinking" of the scientific and production components. This approach by January 2023 is already being implemented in the format of restarted agreements by the government with leading companies, large state corporations for the development of end-to-end technologies.

The second way is to create an environment where companies make money on research, creating added value and capitalization precisely through the development and introduction of new technologies, the first deputy prime minister noted. The third, he said, is industrial megaprojects, which, due to their scale, integrate both components.^[6]

2022: Putin gave instructions to develop Russia's technological sovereignty

In early September 2022, a list of Russia Vladimir Putin instructions signed by the president to develop the country's technological sovereignty was published on the Kremlin's website. Instructions were given following a meeting of the Council for Strategic Development and National Projects, held on July 18, 2022.

Vladimir Putin

In particular, the Cabinet was entrusted with:

• develop and approve the concept of technological development until 2030, including the volume and sources of financing (by December 15, 2022);
• determine the concept of "technology company" (taking into account the mandatory use of innovative technologies in their activities), the features and conditions of the activities of such companies for receiving state support by them (term - November 1, 2022);
• take additional measures to develop and support technology companies in bringing their products to market, scaling up the production and sales of their products, including identifying a responsible institute for innovative development (by December 15, 2022);
• consider the introduction of tax incentives for companies with state participation involved in the development of "high-tech areas" (submit a report by November 1, 2022);
• submit proposals for launching a program to improve communication networks and the quality of services for providing access to, to the Internet including at least 10 Gbps in cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people (by October 1, 2022);
• amend the Law "On Communications," including the introduction until 2024 of a moratorium on increasing fees for the use by telecom operators of state and municipal property for the placement of telecommunications equipment, as well as the gratuitous placement in apartment buildings of telecommunication equipment of telecom operators necessary to provide high-speed access to the Internet (by December 15, 2022);
• discuss the extension of state support measures to fast-growing technology companies (by December 15, 2022).^[7]

2021: Putin instructed to prepare a state program for scientific and technological development

The President Russia Vladimir Putin instructed to prepare a state program for scientific and technological development, as well as create a special commission on this issue. Relevant instructions were given during a meeting of the Council on Science and Education, held via videoconference on February 8, 2021.

I ask the Government to prepare and adopt a new state program for scientific and technological development. At the same time, it is necessary to radically change the approaches to financing science at the expense of budgetary funds. This means to ensure in fact it is the general planning and implementation of R&D, to set uniform principles for assessing their effectiveness and conducting scientific and technical expertise, "Putin said at the meeting (words are quoted on the Kremlin website).

Ladimir Putin ordered to prepare a state program for scientific and technological development

The head of state also instructed his administration and the Government of the Russian Federation "to prepare and submit for signature a decree aimed at changing the mechanisms for managing state scientific and technical policy." According to Putin, it is about "significantly changing the format of work and the principles of the formation of the" council and including members of the government and the Security Council of the Russian Federation in its composition. "

As the president noted, in some areas scientific work is carried out under the heading "secret," "top secret" and "of particular importance," so it is necessary "to create such a team that will be admitted to any work, and thereby significantly strengthen the mechanism for making strategic decisions in the field of scientific and technological development."

Vladimir Putin also pointed out the need to create more effective incentives for private companies, to participate in applied research together with scientific institutes, universities and design bureaus.

Use domestic solutions to update production and production of high-tech products, the president added.[8]

2017: Allocation of RUB 250 mln for the development of domestic solid-state DSS

On October 2, 2017, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation announced the allocation of 250 million rubles for the implementation of a joint project of the GS Nanotech microelectronics center, Petrozavodsk State University and Opti-Soft, which became one of the winners of the competition for projects in the field of scientific research and experimental development in priority areas of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. The competition is held within the framework of the federal target program "Research and development in priority areas of development of the scientific and technological complex of Russia for 2014-2020."

The joint project of GS Nanotech, PetrSU and Opti-Soft involves the creation of solid-state data storage systems using high-integration integrated circuits manufactured using three-dimensional multi-chip housing technologies. During its implementation, it is planned to develop the first Russian non-volatile devices and data storage systems, as well as set up their mass production. The total cost of work on the project is estimated at 375 million rubles.

According to the general director of GS Nanotech Evgeny Maslennikov, GS Nanotech, PetrSU and Opti-Soft specialists have the necessary competencies in the development and mass production of solid-state drives and complex systems, including the creation of micro-modules of memory, printed circuit boards, component installation, housing and software production, which, along with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science, will ensure the successful implementation of the project.

About the competition

In total, 141 competitive applications for subsidies from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation were received within the framework of the competition, of which the department eventually selected 21. By the end of 2019, the Ministry of Education and Science will allocate about 5 billion rubles to finance the most promising projects aimed at implementing applied scientific research and experimental developments to solve scientific and technical problems in the priority areas of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation.

The competitive selection of the most promising projects for state financing has traditionally been implemented in the format of anonymous, independent scientific and technical expertise. Among the criteria for assessing the quality of the submitted materials:

• market potential of the project,
• the reputation of its participants,
• the scientific and technical base used for its implementation,
• relevance of planned works and results,
• risks and other important aspects.

Along with the GS Nanotech project, PetrSU and Opti-Software, among the winners of the competition for projects in the field of scientific research and experimental development:

• "Creation of a neuropiloted vehicle for a low-mobility category of citizens" (Lobachevsky University),
• "Development of technology and production of a range of high-tech zeolite materials for deep conversion of hydrocarbons" (MSU),
• "Development of technologies and components of integrated microwave radiophotonics" (MEPhI) and others.

FTP

The federal target program "Research and development in priority areas of development of the scientific and technological complex of Russia for 2014-2020" has been implemented since 2014. Its goal is to form a competitive and effectively functioning sector of applied research and development.

Notes