Theater Museum named after A.A. Bakhrushin
Assets
Main article: Culture of Russia
Buildings and branches
For 2023, the main building and 10 branches of Bakhrushinsky are located in Moscow:
- 3 memorial houses (A.N. Ostrovsky, M.N. Ermolova, M.S. Shchepkina),
- 5 apartment museums (Vs.E. Meyerhold, G.S. Ulanova, M.M. Plisetskaya, V.N. Pluchek, acting family M.V., A.A. Mironov - A.S. Menaker),
- museum-workshop of theater artist D.L. Borovsky and
- Museum-Studio Radio Theater.
In 2017, a branch of the museum was opened in Zaraysk, in the homeland of the Bakhrushins. In 2021, the museum received a building in the Museum Quarter in Tula, where another branch will appear.
With the support of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, within the framework of the comprehensive development program of the museum, the first Bakhrushinsky Museum and Theater Center in Russia is being created. It will include the Museum and Theater Quarter at Paveletskaya and 12 branches in Moscow, Zaraysk and Tula. It is planned that a combination of multimedia, research and information resources will allow implementing large-scale cultural programs, creative events and socially significant projects.
History
2024: Restoration and creation of the museum and theater quarter "Bakhrushinsky"
In 2024, work is being completed on the creation of the Bakhrushinsky museum and theater quarter.
In February 2024, restorers, among other things, restore historical thistle painting in the dining room of the Bakhrushin Museum house, found under 14 layers of paint Screen painting with silver on an oil paint layer was most likely created by the artist Sergei Ivanovich Yaguzhinsky in the late XIX - early XX centuries. In order to discover it, restoration artists cleared 14 layers of paint.
Experts have done a lot of research. So, in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, the artist-restorer Victoria Yakovleva found the records of the student Sergei Yaguzhinsky, who made stencils for painting the dining room. The appearance of the dining room was recreated according to historical photography (see below in 1913). It shows that the room in the middle and under the ceiling is surrounded by friezes with a thistle ornament. Unfortunately, they did not survive, but were recreated. The drawings on the canvas must be mounted at one of the final stages.
Armchairs, sofas and banquettes of the late 19th century gain a second life thanks to specialists of the All-Russian Art Scientific and Restoration Center named after Academician I.E. Grabar.
For the museum and theater quarter, by February 2024, 26 pieces of furniture were restored. In the center of the restoration is a set of the living room of the front room and the lobby.
"We know that Bakhrushin was not behind the price, he needed high quality, good, beautiful. The set from the living room is made of birch - a solid and capricious material used mainly by Russian craftsmen, "said Roman Studennikov, head of the restoration workshop for furniture and wooden interior items.
Furniture items are dismantled if necessary, old glue is removed. After that, the structure is strengthened, destroyed areas are replaced.
"When the old upholstery was removed from the sofa from the living room, scraps of newspapers dated 1893 were found in several places under the carnations," the restorer shared. And although the authenticity of the furniture for the Bakhrushin house-museum is not in doubt, it was nice to get another confirmation.
The next stage is dry assembly, where there are no distortions or deformations. And only then gluing, drying and working with the front surface - thread replenishment, rendering, gilding, upholstery.
Next up is a Gothic-style set from the living room. Here they will restore the lost parts and return the brightness of the color.
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1938: Architect Ilya Bondarenko expanded and built on the museum building
In 1937-1938, the building of the Bakhrushin Museum was expanded and added by architect Ilya Bondarenko.
1929: The Death of Alexei Bakhrushin
Alexey Alexandrovich Bakhrushin remained at the head of the museum after 1917, until his death. Bakhrushin died in the Malye Gorki estate near Moscow near the Aprelevka station of the Kyiv direction of the Moscow railway on June 7, 1929 at the age of 64. He was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery (2nd grade)
1913: Transfer of the Museum to the Academy of Sciences
On November 25, 1913, the Bakhrushin Museum was transferred to the hands of the state in the person of the Academy of Sciences.
On this day, the Granenaya dining room in the house of Bakhrushin was filled with a large number of important persons led by Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov.
1894: Foundation of the museum by philanthropist Alexei Bakhrushin
The State Central Theater Museum named after A.A. Bakhrushin was founded on October 29, 1894 by the Moscow industrialist and philanthropist Alexei Alexandrovich Bakhrushin (1865-1929). On this day, the first show of his theater collection took place.
Collection
The Bakhrushinsky Theater Museum is the curator of the largest theater collection in Russia: more than 1.5 million exhibits are sketches of costumes and sets by scenography masters, stage costumes of great actors, objects of decorative and applied art, programs and posters of performances, photographs, portraits and rare editions...
2024: Complete collection of porcelain sculptures "Russian Ballet" by Paul Scheurich collected
Main article: Ballet in Russia
At the beginning of the XX century. diaghilev "Russian Seasons" walked triumphantly in Europe. One of the productions was "Carnival" to music by R. Schumann with choreography by M. Fokin and scenography by L. Bakst. The performance culminated in the wedding of Harlequin and Columbine, starring the brilliant Vaclav Nijinsky and the incomparable Tamara Karsavina. The premiere of the ballet with tremendous success took place in 1910, first in Berlin, then in Paris. German artist Paul Scheurich (1883-1945) - one of the best sculptors in porcelain XX century, who worked for the Meissen porcelain manufactory, was inspired by the images of this performance, the skill of Russian ballerinas and dancers and created a series of porcelain sculptures "Russian Ballet."
Scheurich's series consists of 5 five figures - the main characters of the Carnival ballet: Pierrot, Eusebius, Estrella, Kiarin and a pair sculpture of Harlequin and Columbine. The sculptures capture the grace and grace of the dancers incredibly accurately. The artist managed to masterfully capture ballet plastic in porcelain.
In January 2024, the Bakhrushinsky Museum was able to collect a full collection of porcelain sculptures from the series "Russian Ballet" by P. Scheurich.
2023: Two-thirds of the museum's one and a half million exhibits digitized
Bakhrushinsky continues to actively digitize his funds. In 2022, the museum's specialists digitized more than 128 thousand images, in 2023 it is planned to digitize over 172 thousand items. Of the collection of one and a half million exhibits by August 2023, 1,074,536 have already been digitized.
2022: Discovery of a treasure of phonograph records
In July 2022, a treasure was discovered in the Theater Museum named after Bakhrushin during the restoration - 109 phonograph records of the 1900-1910s lay in the walled niche of the wall. They feature arias from operas by Glinka, Tchaikovsky, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky, Borodin, Mozart, Rossini, Bizet, Verdi, Gounod, Donizetti, folk songs, and recordings of readings of Russian literature.
It is noteworthy that the records were hidden in the 1960s - they were wrapped in newspapers and posters of that time. It turned out that the records were once part of the museum's collection, but in the early 1960s they were written off as lost. Now the museum studies this treasure in detail, checks the facts, finds out the circumstances under which the records could be walled up in the wall.
1923
1919
1917: Sketches of paintings of the waiting room of the Kazan station of Prince Shcherbatov
Prince Sergei Alexandrovich Shcherbatov received an art education: after graduating from university, he left to study painting in Munich. Later he became a student of the famous Igor Grabar, who praised him very much.
After the 1917 revolution, Shcherbatov emigrated from Russia. In our country, only his sketches of the paintings of the first-class waiting room for the Kazan station, made by Shcherbatov to order, have been preserved. For more information on these works of Shcherbatov, stored in the Bakhrushinsky Museum, see Moscow Railway (MZD), Russian Railways.
1916
1914
1912
1910: Costumes from the ballets "Russian Seasons" Diaghilev
Main article: Ballet in Russia
In June 2023, the world's largest collection of the Bakhrushinsky Theater Museum received two new unique exhibits - ballet costumes created more than a hundred years ago for performances of Sergei Diaghilev's legendary entreprise "Russian Seasons." The costumes are made according to the sketches of one of the most famous artists of the Silver Age, Lev Bakst.
"Judging by the inscriptions and stripes on the lining, where the names of the performers are indicated, as well as by the seals confirming ownership, these costumes were sewn during the active activity of the 'Russian Seasons' entreprise. Later they were used in the'Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo' (Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo). Subsequently, they were owned by different owners, and since 1967 they have been put up for sale, in particular, at the Sotheby's auction. In 2016, costumes were presented at the Moscow exhibition "Lev Bakst/Leon Bakst. To the 150th anniversary of birth. " The last owner of the costumes was a Russian private collector, "said Victoria Zhuravleva, deputy general director - chief curator of the Bakhrushinsky Theater Museum.
The BTM chief curator added that for 2023, the museum's funds contain about 70 items by Bakst, including 46 sketches of costumes and 11 posters.
1905: Doha Osip Shor
Doha from wolf fur of individual sewing, made no later than 1903-1905, belonged to the brother of the famous musician, pianist, founder and leader of the Moscow trio and Beethoven studio David Shore, Osip Shore - a doctor and biologist. By inheritance, she passed to her granddaughter - Shor Evgenia Nikolaevna (1926-2022), who, despite high interest in the subject of private collectors, bequeathed to transfer the Doha fur coat, namely to the Theater Museum named after A.A. Bakhrushin. In October 2023, the item entered the main fund of the Bakhrushinsky Museum and became a worthy replenishment of the costume collection of the Leather Bone Fabric Foundation of the Memorial and Clothing Fund department.
This item of winter outerwear men's clothing, specially sewn for doctor visits to patients in winter, was practically never used and carefully stored in the family for 120 years. Thanks to this fact, Doha is in a very good state of preservation. She was transferred to the museum funds by a relative of the donor Irina Novichenko, head of the special collections department of the Center for Socio-Political History of the State Public Historical Library of Russia, candidate of historical sciences. The clothes of the presented period have been preserved in very limited quantities, and each copy is a unique source for studying the history of fashion, costume and life of pre-revolutionary Russia.
Anna Zakurdaeva, head of the department of the memorial and clothing fund of the Bakhrushinsky Theater Museum, told details about the new subject: "Doha is made" with fur inside "long-hollow, free direct cutting. The length of the back is 135, the sleeve is 65. The interior is wolf-brown fur. The outer surface is made of black cloth. The collar is wide, deposited, and also finished with fur. In front is a clasp with black plastic buttons and air loops, on the back is a fur loop. "
Speaking about the history of this wardrobe item, she noted that Doha is a long and spacious type of fur coat. "Winter upper men's and women's fur clothes of this type existed in the 18th-20th centuries in the Urals, Lower Volga region, Siberia and Altai, and were widely used by the Ural Cossacks. In European Russia, Doha became widespread at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries and was used along with sheepskin coat for long sleigh rides, "the expert clarified.
It is known that Doha was made from the skins of deer, marals, wild goats, dogs and wolves, dogs were especially warm. In Siberia and the Far East, they were ordinary winter clothes, preferably from wolf skins and from above and inside. As the role of Siberian capital increased, residents of Siberia began to appear on the streets of Moscow and St. Petersburg in clothes unusual for capitals. In the 1880-1890s, Doha became popular in the European part of the country, they were thrown on the road over outerwear, as a rule, without fastening. So, the Doha fur coat came into fashion. Fur coats that became popular began to be sewed from calf or foal skins on a fur or cotton lining, then dohs from lamb skins spread.
1888
Shopka is a type of folk theater that appeared in European countries, presumably in the 16th century. She gained the greatest fame in the XVIII-XIX centuries. Such nativity scenes were almost always two-tier, figures for them could be controlled by puppeteers. On the first tier, everyday scenes were played out, on the second - biblical ones. By the beginning of February 2024, the restoration of dolls was completed.
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