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Main article: Russian language
In 2019, the Russian language is in eighth place in terms of the number of speakers: 258 million speakers, 113 million of whom live outside Russia.
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Main article: Spiritual and moral values of Russia
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- The best music of Russia. TAdviser list
- History of music in Russia
- Music in Russia in the XVIII century
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- Panafidine Nicholas
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Photo
1839: The first photograph in Russia
The general public learned about the invention of photography - a technology that allows you to fix an image on photosensitive material - on August 19, 1839, when a detailed report on "daguerreotype" was made at the French Academy of Sciences.
Two months after the appearance in the Russian press of reports about the invention of Dager and Nyeps, in October 1839, a certain colonel Teremen managed to take a picture of St. Isaac's Cathedral and, moreover, "only" with a 25-minute exposition. As documentary filmmaker Grigory Boltyansky writes in his book Essays on the History of Photography in the USSR (1939), "this was the first message that reached us about the first luck of Russian daguerreotype shooting."
In the same 1839, Sergey Levitsky acquired his first daguerreotype apparatus, who years later would be called the "patriarch of Russian photography." Having traveled to many European countries "in order to study photography, as well as to familiarize himself with famous works of art," in 1850 he opened his own artistic "portrait daguerreotype photograph" at the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg.
During his life, Levitsky created an extensive gallery of portraits of writers, scientists and public figures, including a portrait of Nikolai Gogol - the only known photograph of the writer. In the late 1870s, Levitsky received the official title of "Photographer of Their Imperial Majesties."
Ateliers of the first daguerreotypes were located on the uppermost floors of buildings, and sometimes on roofs - closer to open light. Cameras of that time did not have tripods and were placed on shelves under the ceiling of the atelier. Therefore, the person who was filming had to not only climb to the very top of the building, but also climb to a high platform to the level with a lens. Then, having taken a certain pose at the direction of the photographer, the client did not have to move for 10-15 minutes while the shooting process continued.
With the advent of the improved sputum-collodion photographic process, ateliers began to resemble laboratories. They contained an unbearable smell of acids and liquids necessary for photography, flashes were immediately used for filming - according to Boltyansky's definition, "such an atelier resembled Dant's hell in miniature. After half an hour of his stay in this studio, the client could hardly catch his breath in the fresh air. " In large ateliers, each shooting was served by up to 8 people. Two ministers rolled out carpets, put furniture, etc. The photographing process itself was divided into six stages and each of them was managed by a special specialist photographer: one was engaged in the selection of scenery, the second seated those who were filming and made sure that she took the right poses, the third combined the necessary lighting, the fourth was in charge of installing a shooting apparatus, the fifth made a wet collodion plate, and only after all these preparations the sixth photographer started work, who, in fact, carried out the shooting.
Performance
Products of folk crafts
Main article: Handicrafts
Fun
2000
1995
Digitalization in the field of culture and art
Main article: Digitalization in the field of culture and art
Cultural heritage
Main article: Cultural heritage of Russia
Grants
2024: The Presidential Fund for Cultural Initiatives increased to ₽9,6 billion grants at the end of the year
According to the results of 2024, the Presidential Fund for Cultural Initiatives (PFKI) increased the amount of financial support for projects in the field of culture, art and creative industries to ₽9,6 billion. TAdviser got acquainted with the data on the work of the fund in May 2025. Read more here
Art cafe
Images
1991
1990
See also
Notes
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