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Main article: South America
Population
Migration
2021: Net outflow over 4 years
Economy
Inflation
2022: Inflation in November - 2.9%
Unemployment
2020: Unemployment rate - 8%
Incomes of the population
2023: Minimum wage - $284
2022: Share of citizens with a budget of less than $5.5 per day
Foreign trade
2022: Bolivia runs out of gas for export and becomes a net importer of energy
Having exhausted its natural gas reserves for export, Bolivia became a net importer of energy in 2022.
2020: Natural gas - main export item
Lithium mining
2024: Conclusion of a contract with Rosatom for the construction of a lithium carbonate plant in Bolivia
In September 2024, Uranium One Group JSC (part of Rosatom) and the Bolivian state-owned company YLB signed a contract for the construction of a lithium carbonate plant in Bolivia. Read more here.
2023: Rosatom agreed to extract lithium in Bolivia for $600 million
Uranium One, a member of the state corporation Rosatom, won a tender for the development of a lithium deposit in Bolivia. The press service of Rosatom announced this on June 29, 2023. Read more here.
2022: Lithium reserves - 21 million tonnes
The "triangle" of South America and Mexico as of April 2022 accounts for 60% of the world's lithium deposits.
Silver mining
R&D
2020: R&D expenses - $78 million
Agriculture
2021: Share of farmland - 35%
2019: Average use of pesticides in agriculture
Energy carriers
2020: Energy consumption per capita
and
Consumption
2023: Poultry meat is the most consumed type of meat
Health care
2021: Maternity leave
in
2020
Duration of guaranteed paid sick leave 6 months or more
Part of the population defecates on the street
Crime
Prisons
2019: The minimum age for children to be jailed is 12
2018: Number of prisoners per 100 thousand citizens
History
2024: Failed coup attempt
While ex-President Evo Morales called on unions to take people to the streets in support of democracy and the official government, incumbent President Luis Arce sworn in a new military leadership in the person of General Jose Wilson Sanchez, who immediately began to issue orders that military personnel should leave the main square of La Paz.
The latter did this, and without unnecessary resistance. The rebel general Zúñiga himself was the first to leave Murillo Square. Hours later, he was arrested. Together with him, two more military leaders came into custody: the former commander of the naval forces Juan Arnes Salvador and Air Force General Marcelo Javier Segarra. Zuniga faces charges of terrorism and armed rebellion.
It is noteworthy that Zuniga calmly expected his arrest, and at the same time the opportunity to inform reporters that President Arce himself allegedly asked him to organize an uprising, worried about "a drop in his own popularity."
The center-right rhetoric of General Zuniga, who issued opposition theses and was about to release quite certain political prisoners, was not risked by supporting either right-wing conservative political circles either in Bolivia itself or even foreign critics of Arce and Morales (for example, the leadership of Argentina).
Many see a connection between what happened and President Arce's recent visit to Russia. There he discussed the project of the lithium complex, which is being implemented in Bolivia by Uranium One, which is part of the Rosatom structures (the facility is planned to be commissioned in 2025). Arce also asked the Russian authorities to assist in ensuring the supply of liquid hydrocarbons, which Bolivia really needs.
Such actions affect the interests of the United States, which did not hide that they have quite certain views on the countries of the Lithium Triangle (Argentina, Chile and Bolivia). Another question is that China's position in the production of Bolivian lithium is much stronger than Russian ones, and this is not taken into account by most experts.
2022: Arrest of Santa Cruz governor Fernando Camacho and large-scale protests
On December 28, 2022, Fernando Camacho, the governor of Santa Cruz, the country's richest and most developed department, was detained and taken to the capital on terrorism charges. The country's prosecutor general's office accuses Camacho of organizing anti-government protests in 2019, which led to the resignation and flight of President Evo Morales.
A major businessman who entered politics in 2019 became the leader of the local far-right opposition in the form of the Creemos alliance, which defends the political and economic autonomy of the region from La Paz.
In 2020, he received 14% of the vote in the presidential election, and a year later won a landslide victory in the election of the governor of Santa Cruz.
Camacho reiterated himself in the fall of 2021, leading opposition to the plans of the government of Louis Arce to conduct a national census in 2022. The fact is that through the census, the Bolivian government intends to officially increase the number of peoples in Bolivia, thereby reducing the number of Creole deputies from Santa Cruz - and, therefore, cutting the department's resources from the national treasury.
Then Camacho managed to force President Arce to postpone the census until calmer times, with which the gray cardinal of the government, the same Evo Morales, did not agree. Having thwarted Evo's multinational plans, Camacho crossed the red lines of the MAS party and condemned himself to criminal prosecution.
On December 28, 2022, the Camacho Alliance went on strike, which has been going on for the fourth day. Thousands of the governor's supporters erected dozens of barricades in downtown Santa Cruz and blocked suburban trails.
Soon clashes began with the national police - in response to brutal detentions and tear gas, firecrackers and fireworks flew in law enforcement officers.
Later, peaceful protests turned into pogroms: at the hands of Camacho supporters, the buildings of the Office of Migration, the Electoral Court, the State Telecommunications Company and the local police suffered.
As chaos continued on the streets of Santa Cruz, Fernando Camacho himself accused Arce's government of political persecution and kidnapping. On December 29, 2022, the investigation sentenced the governor to a preliminary four-month arrest in a strict regime colony.
On December 31, 2022, Camacho's lawyers reported that the politician suffered a heart attack and accused the colony administration of obstructing medical care. Bolivian authorities responded that the accused was provided with all assistance and his life out of danger.
Obviously, the Bolivian authorities decided to repeat the "Jeanine Agnes case," demonstratively condemning the opposition leader. But Camacho, unlike the unpopular Agnes, is a more influential, democratically elected figure, with numerous supporters and sponsors behind him.
Key Russian projects in Bolivia depend on the stability of the current government:
construction of a lithium production plant (Uranium One Holding) and
- development of the gas fields of Vitiaqua, Acero, La Ceiba, Madidi (Gazprom).
Thus, the autumn crisis in relations between the government and governors on the issue of the census has already cost repeated postponements of the announcement of a tender for the extraction of lithium in Bolivian salt marshes. What can we say about the projects of Gazprom and Rosatom during the reign of Zhanin Agnes - they almost put fat dots on them.
2015: Pope meets Bolivian President Evo Morales
1967: The Shooting of Che Guevara
The emergence and destruction of the Tata Sabaya volcano
All volcanic structures are prone to landslides, especially stratovolcanoes and shield volcanoes, for which landslides are an important stage of evolution.
Sport
2022: The most popular sport is football
in
Calendar
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