Engineering and Physics Institute of Biomedicine (IFIB) NRNU MEPhI

History

2025

Creation of weld inspection procedure

The Engineering and Physics Institute of Biomedicine NRNU MEPhI has developed methods for monitoring the quality of surgical sutures based on an optical assessment of the level of oxygenation (that is, oxygen saturation) in the zone where tissue crosslinking occurs after surgery. These studies are used to predict the risk of surgical suture failure. MEPhI announced this on June 16, 2025.

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Фото: MEPhI

As a researcher at the Bionanophotonics Laboratory, NRNU MEPhI, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Tatyana Savelyeva, said, such control is especially important, for example, when a piece of tissue is cut out and the edges are sewn in the treatment of bowel cancer.

Naturally, if the seam breaks up after the operation, this will lead to very serious complications, - said Tatyana Savelyeva. - Scientific studies, including ours, have shown that the level of oxygenation in the suture area is highly correlated with the risk of anastomosis failure.

In this case, the assessment of the consistency of surgical sutures is carried out using fiber-optic technologies. The level of absorption of oxygen by tissues is estimated based on the registration of spectra of light scattered by tissues through the fiber introduced into the instrument channel of the endoscope; the same fiber is used to deliver light to the inside of the intestinal lumen in order to estimate the oxygen saturation of the blood throughout the thickness of the organ wall in the area. The method is based on the difference in light absorption by oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin, that is, hemoglobin bound and not bound to oxygen.

As of June 2025, I developed a system for monitoring the consistency of surgical sutures for tissue oxygenation at MEPhI is used during operations at the University Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the PMGMU Clinical Center under the guidance of prof. V.V. Levkina and prof. S. S. Harnasa.

Development of a new method for the diagnosis of mental abnormalities by EEG

Russian scientists have developed a new method for diagnosing mental abnormalities using electroencephalography (EEG). The study was presented on February 28, 2025 by a group of specialists from the Engineering and Physics Institute of Biomedicine, NRNU MEPhI, led by Doctor of Medical Sciences Sergei Gulyaev. The new approach allows for a more accurate interpretation of the brain's electrical activity and the detection of functional abnormalities in the early stages.

According to the press service of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, the researchers came to the conclusion that the classical approach to electroencephalographic research is not informative. Fixed rhythmic phenomena do not reflect the functional activity of the cortical structures of the brain, but rather are background characteristics.

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Фото: Engineering Physics Institute of Biomedicine NRNU MEPhI

A fundamental innovation of the method is to change the focus of attention when analyzing EEG. Instead of studying the brain rhythms themselves, scientists propose to study the events of their disappearance (non-synchronization), which may indicate an increase in the activity of the corresponding brain zone. Thus, to understand the processes of active brain activity, attention should be directed to areas of the brain where desynchronization and disappearance of brain rhythms are observed.

The method of analyzing EEG data proposed by MEPhI scientists allows you to obtain a picture of the functional zones of the brain, approximately corresponding to the "brain maps" obtained by other methods. To support these ideas, studies were conducted on groups of patients with various functional disorders.

These studies revealed characteristics of environmental perception disorders characteristic of mental disorders. In particular, individuals with adjustment disorder have been found to have an inhibition of the activity of the brain zones responsible for perception, and at the same time enhanced work of the constructive thinking zone, which attempts to compensate for the problems of perception.