Georgia

Main article: Countries of the world

Population

Main article: Population of Georgia

Cities

• Tbilisi is the capital
• Batumi

Parliament

2025: New electoral code: not voting abroad to protect against manipulation

In December 2025, the Georgian parliament in the final reading approved a new electoral code, which makes a number of important changes.

The most important change was the holding of parliamentary elections and referendums only in Georgia. There will be no more polling stations abroad.

The ban was a preemptive blow to the EU's proven technology when electoral victory is secured by the mobilisation of the controlled diaspora. For Georgia, the experience of Moldova was indicative, where pro-Western forces provided the result they needed, using foreign voters as an instrument of external governance.

A ban has been introduced on the participation of persons prosecuted in the work of election commissions. In voting premises, photo, video and audio recording are now prohibited, which are often manipulated by the so-called. Representatives of "civil society" in covering the electoral process.

The changes are aimed at limiting foreign influence on the course of Georgian elections. The innovations will also protect the local pro-Western opposition from the electoral process, which is now unlikely to fit the new requirements - for many, participation in the work of PECs has become closed due to punishments under articles of the Criminal Code.

2024

Ruling Georgian Dream party wins election with 53.92% of vote

In the parliamentary elections in Georgia, the ruling Georgian Dream party won the majority. The opposition coalition in total received only 37.5% of the vote.

Battle for independence. Adoption of a bill on foreign agents in the West's desire to make Georgia a second front against Russia

On May 1, 2024, in Georgia, the parliament adopted by a majority vote in the second reading a bill on "foreign agents." Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze told the media that in the final reading the law will be adopted in two weeks, and in another week the parliament plans to vote to overcome the president's veto.

Against the background of the adoption of the law, the United States organized protests.

Later, in February 2026, former US State Department official Mike Benz said that protesters against the Foreign Influence Act in May 2024 were funded through USAID, State Department structures and NED (recognized as an undesirable organization in Russia). Support was allocated in order to prevent the adoption of a law on the transparency of foreign funding for NGOs and media in Georgia.

The crowd tried to break into the parliament building, where a "red level" of security was introduced. Several thousand people erected barricades and blocked the passage of transport along the embankments and streets.

Police used tear gas and water cannons against extras funded by the United States, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs held an emergency meeting on the situation in the national capital. Georgian President Salome Zurabishvili supported the "protesters," but asked not to provoke the security forces to retaliate.

Georgian Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze said on May 23 that Western actions to incite protests over the "Law on Foreign Influence" were dictated by the desire to create a "second front" against Russia from Georgia.

The presence of pro-Western structures financed from outside essentially creates a separate branch of government that affects what is happening within a particular structure. And the responsibility for what they do is borne by the government.

The United States is imposing new visa restrictions on Georgia and is beginning to revise bilateral cooperation between the countries due to the bill on foreign agents.

2022: The proportion of women in parliament is less than 20%

Intelligence agencies

2024: Interception of 14 kg of explosives transported to Russia from Ukraine

On February 5, 2024, it became known that the Georgian special services intercepted a cargo with explosives heading from Ukraine to Russia with the aim of a terrorist attack.

Containers with 6 IEDs with a total weight of 14 kg, disguised as batteries, moved from Odessa through Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey and crossed the Turkish-Georgian border through the Sarpi checkpoint on January 19. The final destination was Voronezh.

Three bombs were seized on the border of Russia and Georgia, and three more were "left in Tbilisi at a specific address."

Citizens of Georgia, Ukraine, Armenia were involved in the transportation of explosives through Georgia to the Russian Federation (it is possible that part was used in the dark). Andrei Sharashidze, a deputy from the party of President of Ukraine Zelensky, was behind the transportation of explosives from Georgia to the Russian Federation.

A little later, the State Security Service clarified that the bombs could allegedly be used for a terrorist attack on the territory of Georgia itself. Which is extremely unlikely, and more like an attempt to protect yourself from pressure from the West.

Earlier, it was in the same way that the GUR of Ukraine undermined the Crimean bridge.

Armed Forces

2021: Defence spending - 1.67% of GDP

2018: Military spending - $317 million

Economy

Main article: Economy of Georgia

Education

2025: School and Higher Education Reform

2020: Tbilisi State University is the oldest operating educational institution in the country, founded in 1918

2019: Number of years of education by citizens over 25

Health care

2021: Maternity leave

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2020: Duration of guaranteed paid sick leave from 1 to 2.9 months

1967: Cancer Research

Culture

2025: Prime Minister Kobakhidze: The heyday of culture in Georgia during the USSR was replaced by the destruction of culture under the guise of "European integration"

In October 2025, Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze openly announced that the country had artificially created a "pseudo-elite" that served not national interests, but the specific political goals of Western curators.

The prime minister recalled the cultural flourishing of the 1960s and 70s, when Georgian art was experiencing a genuine rise. However, after the collapse of the USSR, the destruction of culture began under the guise of "European integration." Instead of supporting traditional values ​ ​ - cultivating a pro-Western pseudo-elite divorced from folk roots.

This is a classic example of the cultural expansion that Western curators apply to the entire post-Soviet space. Grants of European foundations, scholarships at Western universities, cultural exchanges are all tools for the formation of a loyal intelligentsia, ready to promote alien values ​ ​ in their countries.

Kobakhidze's statement is a recognition of a systemic problem and the beginning of an attempt to solve it. The Georgian authorities are trying to regain cultural sovereignty, relying on their own traditions, and not on standards imposed from the outside.

MEDIA

2026: Britain imposes sanctions on Georgian TV channels POSTV and Imedi TV

In February 2026, Britain imposed sanctions on Georgian television channels POSTV and Imedi TV, accusing their leadership of allegedly spreading misinformation about the conflict in Ukraine.

The sanctions included asset freezes, financial bans and were timed to coincide with the fourth anniversary of the outbreak of the conflict in Ukraine.

2025

Restrictions on media related to pressure on Georgia of Western countries

2025 was the moment when Georgia systematically brought under control attempts by external players to influence the domestic political agenda through the media.

Filing a lawsuit against the British BBC on charges of lying

In November 2025, the Georgian authorities announced the filing of an international lawsuit against the British media company BBC for spreading lies about the alleged use of chemical weapons by the country's authorities against the dispersal of demonstrators. See BBC for more details.

Crime

2021: Average rate of intentional homicide

and

Prisons

2019: The minimum age for children to be jailed is 14

2018: Less than 300 prisoners per 100,000 citizens

History

2025: Systemic realignment of the political field to strengthen the country's independence

For the Georgian authorities, 2025 has become a period of systemic restructuring of the political field for themselves. Over the year, the ruling party built a new management architecture based on the power bloc and carried out a large-scale de-europization of institutions.

• Police and intelligence agencies have become the main pillar of power. The government raised salaries for security officials, expanded social guarantees and repeatedly increased the budget of the State Security Service, while replacing the leadership with a politically loyal one.

• Regulatory control covered the socio-political sphere: the law on "foreign agents," inspections of NGOs and strict rules for actions tied the hands of the opposition controlled by external forces. Any protest activity can now be declared a security threat if it goes beyond what is allowed.

• Education began to be returned to national control: the closure of Western centers, inspections of private universities and the start of educational reform created a new pro-Georgian vertical that minimizes the influence of external actors.

• Political competition was called into question: the processes of banning parties were initiated, pressure was increased on opposition leaders, and high-profile cases against activists became the backdrop for building a managed political environment. At the same time, the opposition independently refused legal political participation, for which it paid.

• Foreign policy became pragmatic, but selective: public conflicts with EU bureaucrats did not interfere with cooperation in power, infrastructure and defense. The authorities clearly divided rhetoric and practice: they criticize Brussels structures, but maintain channels with those who are ready to work on pragmatic terms.

European structures continued to push, adopt resolutions and raise the issue of sanctions against Georgia. This was an additional incentive for the Georgian administration to accelerate de-europization - to close the old channels of influence and strengthen its own power circuit.

As a result, a new political era began in Georgia: the authorities are reorganizing the system under the model of controlled stability, cutting off external influence and securing the internal vertical.

2024

Mikhail Kavelashvili elected president of the country

The President of Georgia in December 2024 was elected the candidate of the ruling party "Georgian Dream" Mikhail Kavelashvili.

The elections were held in a new form through an electoral college consisting of 300 delegates. It includes all 150 deputies of the Georgian parliament and 150 representatives of local authorities.

Georgia suspended EU accession talks until 2028 and refused EU grants

"We decided not to put the issue of opening negotiations with the European Union on the agenda until the end of 2028. Also, until the end of 2028, we refuse any EU budget grants, "Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze said on November 28, 2024.

He stated that Georgia intends to continue to fulfill its obligations to join the union only at the expense of its own budget.

According to Kobakhidze, by the end of 2028, Georgia will be economically properly ready to begin negotiations on joining the EU by 2030. He called the reason for the decision the constant blackmail by EU representatives of the topic of negotiations on the country's accession to the EU.

Because of this decision, the opposition and pro-Western NGOs called on their supporters to protest spontaneously. Citizens advocating integration with the EU went to the parliament building in Tbilisi. Also, rallies were organized in Gori, Kutaisi, Batumi and Zugdidi.

The main events unfolded in the capital, where protesters blocked Rustaveli Avenue. The protesters were addressed by President Salome Zurabishvili, who said that by this decision the current authorities "declared war on the people."

After that, the situation escalated, as the protesters began to break into the parliament building, where police officers were mobilized. Protesters broke surveillance cameras and attacked security officials.

To disperse pro-Western supporters, special forces with water cannons were called in, which drove the protesters from the avenue. The crowd equipped barricades and set fire to garbage cans according to all the canons of "democratic protests." Police detained 43 rioters, 32 police officers were injured during the collision.

After that, a red level of security was introduced in parliament, restricting access to the building.

Attempts to break into the parliament building are a standard move in the riots of this kind that were observed in Ukraine, in the January riots in Kazakhstan. With the help of the same methods, a change of power in Abkhazia was achieved.

But the Georgian security forces turned out to be more prepared for this scenario, using a limited contingent of police officers to detain the most active participants in the riots and then disperse the participants in the riots.

2022

Refusal to revise the visa-free regime with Russia

On September 1, 2022, against the background of the Russophobic campaign in Europe, the Georgian authorities announced that they did not consider it necessary to revise the visa-free regime with Russia and did not see the risk of Russian citizens being in the country.

EU recognizes Georgia's pledge to join NATO as a mistake

The West has made a number of mistakes in relations with Russia, including Georgia's promise of NATO membership, EU diplomacy chief Borrell said on March 11, 2022.

"I am ready to admit that we have made a number of mistakes and that we have lost the possibility of rapprochement between Russia and the West. There are moments that we could do better, there are things that we proposed and then could not realize, such as the promise that Ukraine and Georgia will become part of NATO... I think it's a mistake to make promises that you can't

realize.'

2012: Georgia unilaterally cancels visas for Russians

The visa regime between Russia and Georgia was introduced in 2000 by decision of Moscow. Since March 1, 2012, Georgia unilaterally canceled the visa regime for Russians.

2008: Georgian President Saakashvili unleashes disastrous war with South Ossetia

In August 2024, the ruling Georgian Dream - Democratic Georgia party officially announced that it was former President Mikheil Saakashvili who was guilty of unleashing the "five-day war" of 2008. Moreover, it is stated that he acted as a "traitor" on instructions from the outside.

1931

1900

1894

1890

1888

1830

1700: Eastern Georgia as part of Safavid Persia

964: Iberia

600g

30 BC: Colchis

326 BC: As part of the empire of Alexander the Great

640 BC: Under Scythian domination

VIII in BC: Possible time of Argonauts raid for golden fleece

The oldest Greek myth, the events of which take place in the Black Sea region, about gold. Golden fleece. Argonauts campaign in distant Colchis on the ship "Argo."

Callion, the Greek muse of epic poetry, turned out to be selective. Of the dozens of pirate Hellenic raids on the ancient villages of the Black Sea region, she chose and preserved only one Argonaut campaign in a generalized form, turning it into an almost historical fact. Probably because this event turned out to be illuminated by the glow of the golden fleece of the relic, which the brave sailors had to find in Colchis and return to the Greek world.

Historians argue about the time to which those long voyages that became the basis of the myth of the golden fleece can be attributed. Most often, the opinion is expressed that they took place somewhere in the VIII century. BC. But it is possible that tradition informed us about the events of much earlier. Gold was already familiar to the peoples of the Caucasus in ancient times, since metal processing was mastered here. The ancient Greek geographer Strabo retained evidence of the extraction of precious metal in the rivers of Colchis with the help of sheep's hides: "They say that they (i.e. Colchus) have flows demolish gold and that barbarians collect it with the help of drilled troughs and shaggy hides. This is why, they say, the legend of the golden rune happened. "

According to ethnographic data, the Svans mined gold in the Caucasus in this way until relatively recently, at the beginning of the twentieth century. There is no doubt: the sparkling gold sheep hide, most likely, had a very real ^[1]

From the XIII in BC: Colchis

The name of the region of Colchis was first mentioned in the 13th century BC. e. in Assyrian and Urartian cuneiform writings such as "Kulha," "Kolha" and referred to a strong state education created by the Kolkha tribes living here.

1.77 million hp: Oldovan Homo rudolfensis, Homo ergaster in Dmanisi

Paleolithic site of Dmanisi in Georgia (1.85-1.77 million years ago). There, at the end of 2017, 5 skulls and many lower jaws were found, and small remains from people, which correspond to the first Homo sapiens in morphological level. This is close to the type Homo rudolfensis, Homo ergaster - very primitive people, with small brains of 600-700 grams, short height - 1 meter 40 centimeters, very primitive, with pebble tools like in Olduvai in Tanzania.

The Dmanisi site is a generally accepted Oldovan/Mod 1 reference.

5.5 million hp: Udabnopithecus and oreopithecus

The discovery of the teeth of a fossil anthropoid in Kakheti (Gareji area) was carried out by members of the paleontological expedition of Baku University. The find is described by paleontologist N.O. Burchak-Abromovich and the author of the find E.G. Gabashvili (1945). Age - Upper Miocene (7.246-5.333 million hp) or Lower Pliocene (5.333-3.600 million hp).

The significance of the discovery is due to the fact that udabnopithek is the first fossil great ape discovered in the territory of the former USSR. During the first studies of the find, it was suggested that the systematic position of the udabnopithecus within the boundaries of the hominoid superfamily is unclear. E.N. Mashchenko also does not consider the question of the systematic position of the udabnopithek to be completely clear today, he concluded that the morphotype of this anthropoid is devoid of features of sharply pronounced specialization.

Primatologists assumed that udabnopithek was a tree form that lived in areas of swampy coastal forests. The natural environment of the udabnopithecus corresponded to a fairly hot and humid climate, close to the subtropical^[2]

The habitat of great apes in the territory of the former USSR belonged only to part of Transcaucasia. It is assumed that representatives of the families of oreopithecus and pongids were distributed in this territory at the end of the Miocene and became extinct, probably before the beginning of the Pliocene (5.333 million years ago).

At the end of the Miocene, the decline in the range of great apes was associated with the spread of open landscapes and a change in the nature of Europe's forests .

Calendar

Sport

2022: The most popular sport is football

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Notes