Leukemia (leukemia, blood cancer)

Main article: Cancer (cancer)

Types of leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal tumor disease of hematopoietic tissue characterized by rapid progression. AML is the most common acute leukemia affecting adults with a frequency of approximately 20,000 new cases in the US and 43,000 cases in Europe per year^[1]

The majority of AML patients eventually face a recurrence of the disease. Recurrent or refractory AML has an unfavorable prognosis. As of 2021, the five-year survival rate is approximately 27%. In 6-10% of AML patients, there is a mutation of the IDH1 gene, which is the cause of abnormal differentiation of blood stem cells, which contributes to the occurrence of acute ^[2]

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

ALL is a tumor disease of hematopoietic tissue characterized by rapid progression. It is the most common malignancy in children with morbidity in the world, according to data available as of May 2023, amounting to approximately 1 case per 100,000 children annually.

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Main article: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Diagnosis of leukemia

2022: New way to diagnose leukemias patented

In Russia, a patent was issued for the invention "Method for recognizing the structure of blood and bone marrow blasts nuclei." The authors of the patent are employees and students of the NRNU MEPhI, as well as doctors of the National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin. NRNU MEPhI announced this on November 28, 2022. Essence of invention lies in special method of diagnostics of dangerous oncological diseases - acute leukemias on the basis of computer analysis of data of microscopic examinations of blood and bone marrow. Read more here.

Drugs for the treatment of leukemia

2023

Ivosidenib received a positive assessment from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use in two indications

On 6 March 2023, Servier reported that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) had positively evaluated and recommended for human use the medicinal product ivosidenib, an inhibitor of the mutant enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1), for two indications:

• Therapy of IDH1-mutated adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (in combination with azacitidine) who are untreated and not indicated for intensive chemotherapy.
• Treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma and IDH1 mutation (as monotherapy) who have received at least one prior treatment.

Read more about this here.

Promomed has registered a new antitumor drug for the treatment of blood and bone marrow cancer

Bortezomib-Promomed used for multiple myeloma received marketing authorization. It is also prescribed to patients with mantle cell lymphoma, who have disease progression after several courses of treatment. Promomed announced this on March 9, 2023. Read more here.

2022

Treating blood cancer with genome editing

In mid-December 2022 the British , doctors cured a 13-year-old girl named Alice from an acute form of leukemia with a basic correction. genome The technology was invented six years ago, but was used for the first time. More. here

Immunotherapy rescues 3 out of 4 patients with deadly blood cancer

In early December 2022, scientists published the results of the first phase of clinical trials, and also talked about the intermediate conclusions of the second phase. Talketamab was developed by scientists from the pharmaceutical company Janssen Research and Development.

New ones data from an ongoing phase 1/2 clinical trial showed that experimental immunotherapy led to a successful response in 73% of patients suffering from multiple myeloma, a deadly form. cancer blood Based on these promising data USA , an application was submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to bring the drug to market.

Breakthrough immunotherapy saves 3 in 4 patients with deadly blood cancer

The test immunotherapeutic drug is called talketamab. Known as a bispecific antibody to capture T cells, this treatment method is a relatively new type of immunotherapy.

Unlike traditional monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies are designed to bind to two different antigens. In this case, talketamab binds to CD3, an immune T cell receptor, and GPRC5D, a receptor that is present in large numbers on cancer plasma cells.

The idea behind bispecific antibodies is that they connect immune cells to cancer cells. They simultaneously set the target flag on cancer cells and give immune cells a "roadmap" to that goal. The announced December 2022 data from the Phase 1/2 study of talketamab covered several hundred patients with multiple myeloma and included two different doses and weekly or biweekly dosing regimens. Overall, 73% of patients responded positively across all treatment arms.

Data from the phase 2 study have not yet been formally published in a peer-reviewed journal, however phase 1 data has just been published in the New England Journal of Medicine. These data showed that the majority of patients treated with talketamab experienced mild side effects, but only about five percent of patients were forced to discontinue treatment because of these side effects.^[3]

The results of the ivosidenib study showed a significant improvement in the condition of patients with acute myeloid leukemia

On April 22, 2022 , the international pharmaceutical company "" Servier reported the publication in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) of the results of the phase III study (ivosidenib tablets). The AGILE study is an international, double-blind, placebo-controlled , Phase 3 study of the use of ivosidenib in combination with (chemotherapy azacitidine) versus placebo in combination with azacitidine in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia and a previously naïve IDH1 mutation. The treatments study achieved primary and all major secondary endpoints, including overall survival. Servier is in contact U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with other organs around the health care world to make it possible to use medicinal the drug for this indication. More. here

Servier has applied for Ivosidenib for patients with acute myeloid leukemia and mutated cholangiocarcinoma IDH1

On 10 March 2022, Servier announced the submission to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) of a marketing authorization application for ivosidenib (tablets) for two indications: for first-line therapy in combination with azacitidine in patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a mutation in the IDH1 gene who are contraindicated by intensive chemotherapy, as well as in patients with locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with a mutation in the IDH1 gene who have previously received treatment. The drug is an inhibitor of the mutant enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1). Ivosidenib is a mutation-specific gene IDH1 targeted therapy drug declared for registration in Europe. Read more here.

The original drug pegaspargase from Servier is registered in the EAEU

On February 9, 2022 pharmaceutical , the company "" Servier announced registration under the rules of EEU the original. pegaspargase drug product (Oncaspar) The antitumor cytostatic agent is used in combination with other antitumor drugs for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adults and children (aged from birth to 18 years). More. here

Public persons with blood cancer

• Oleg Tinkov. He was diagnosed with blood cancer in October 2019.

• Tormo Ricardo is a Spanish motorcycle racer after whom the track in the Spanish province of Valencia is named.

Notes