New Moscow

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New Moscow: 11th district

Moscow should become not the unicentric, but polycentric city, the mayor Sobyanin considers. "At least 5-6 centers should be self-sufficient", – he told in August, 2011. According to him, in the attached territories there has to be a complex arrangement, including offices, housing, social and cultural facilities.

The authorities of Moscow can create from the attached territories the certain administrative district – the eleventh. The total area of the territory attached to the capital is 144 thousand hectares. According to the mayor, "we about it did not make any decisions yet, but I think that initially we will create one district in the attached territories", – Sobyanin said. According to him, documents on transfer of lands and refining of borders will prepare during few years.

In the attached territories the small population – about 150,000 people. "It will be one of the smallest districts on the population, but the biggest across the territory", – the mayor noted.

Perhaps, one prefecture will be created. But meanwhile Sobyanin suggested to enter to the Moscow City Duma the bill which provides preserving of own budgets and authorities in the territories attached to the capital. "Will pass tens of municipalities into borders of Moscow. They have rights, deputies, the executive power, the budget. My personal opinion – to leave them those rights which they have".

According to the mayor, in case of transition of the cities to borders of Moscow their budgets will not decrease, and will increase, all elected bodies should remain and work, and "the management of territories will create a certain stability of work", RIA Novosti reports.

In August, 2011 the minister of affairs of territorial formations of the Moscow region of the government of the region Vladimir Demeshkan emphasized that the devolution agreement of a part of the territory of Moscow area to Moscow is not signed yet. "It is previously possible to say that municipal entities which will pass to Moscow at some stage will save administrative division which is today. The Podolsk district, Naro-Fominsk and will remain the Podolsk district and Naro-Fominsk. In the same place heads are selected, deputies in city councils are elected, and so far their powers will not end, Moscow itself declares that it will not break already settled communications, the settled interaction forms with the population", – Demeshkan told.

It will allow to minimize conflict situations around housing estates which will be able to develop already as "intracity territories" and will receive as a result stable power supply, a water supply system and other conveniences. Besides, after development of the project documentation Sobyanin promised to carry out public listenings of all project though, according to him, "they are not provided by the legislation".

Separate subject – the enclaves which are not entering Moscow future "appendix". This Skolkovo, Rubelevo-Arkhangelsky and not the really distinct territory near Zvenigorod near Uspensky.

Moving of officials to New Moscow

The project of placement of state institutions in the territory of "new Moscow"

In July, 2011 Izvestia published the card of placement of state institutions in the territory of "new Moscow". They will be moved not to the uniform "city of officials", predictably, and to different districts of Moscow region The president will move under Zvenigorod, the government — to Vnukovo. In fact, it is about construction of several "government villages" in which officials will accommodate.

The most remote from the others an object, according to the project, is the presidential administration: the residence of the head of state is located on the old place — at the end of Rublevo-Uspenskoe highway, almost closely to Zvenigorod.

The financial center as it was already told earlier, will be placed in Ruble and Arkhangelsky.

The Administration of the President will closely border on the Government of Moscow which, in turn, adjoins the territory allocated for the State Office of Public Prosecutor and Accounts Chamber. All this "the official patch" will be located around Kommunarka-Ostafyevo to the south from Moscow in the territory which was not considered until recently as prestigious. Besides, the notorious Butovo polygon is located here — the place of mass execution of victims of political repression and also the largest Salaryevo solid waste landfill about Moscow closed in 2007^[1].

Illustration: Eduard Katykhin

Skolkovo is multiplied

It is possible to carry the research and production centers to the objects which are "out of network" — they are going to be constructed near Klimovsk — and also courts which, according to the plan, should appear near Govorovo.

Only "old resident" who firmly it will be necessary to stand on the place is an innovation center Skolkovo.

In general to speak about rationality of such project "so far it is rather heavy", considers the source close to the Government of Moscow. "At best, it is one of the first projects which, for certain, will change and be improved" — he reported Izvestia.

Cuttings will be

Oleg Mitvol called the project of resettlement of officials not worked. "Why it was necessary to take away departments on tens of kilometers from each other? You think how officials will go on meetings to Presidential Administration? On the concrete road with trucks? Or for trains one more concrete road will be laid, and trucks on the city will go?" — Mitvol is perplexed.

According to him, departments "put" on free zones, but case will not do without cutting, construction without fail will affect the green space.

According to Mitvol, it was more rational "move all officials to one place".

Andrey Bokov, the president of the Union of architects of Russia, assures that there is no decision on placement of state institutions even at the preliminary level. "There is a decision only on transfer to Moscow of a number of southwest territories — trapezes between Kiyevskoye Highway and Varshavka — and three enclaves in the West: Ruble and Arkhangelsk, Skolkovo and Gorki-9".

The head of the Union of architects reminds that the ideas to take out the government center spoke on the southwest town-planners in Soviet period. "If to look at the General plan and to remember tenders, the only geometrically distinct axis is laid on the southwest - it is Luzhniki Vorobyov a gory-Universitetsky complex. Old projects of the Palace of councils and a government complex were located on this axis". Besides, behind the choice of the place there are objective reasons — the mass of a pure air comes to the capital from the southwest.

Bokov considers creation of the new city resolute and very perspective step: "In due time Peter I constructed Lefortovo as model of St. Petersburg, and Moscow was the city with two centers".

"The movement of money generates money, leads to capitalization of new territories, emergence of jobs. All this wedge — a huge resource for the affordable and comfortable housing attractive to young families and those who can find work in the government center" — Bokov says.

Explanatory note

Earlier Izvestia already announced contents of the explanatory note "with the offer on change of borders of Moscow". Actions for road bridge construction which will be required at expansion of the Moscow borders, in particular, were specified in the document. Among them — reconstruction of Route M3 "Ukraine" (Kiyevskoye Highway), A-101 of Moscow-Maloyaroslavets-Roslavl (Kaluzhskoye Highway), M-2 Crimea, Varshavskoye Highway abroad Moscow, Borovsky Highway. The new border of Moscow should be most coordinated to (Central Ring Road) Route Central Ring Road.

Also it was said that the territory of the Moscow region outside the Central Ring Road will become "a historical and cultural and tourist and recreational cluster of federal and international importance" and will connect to the Golden Ring of Russia.

Postponement of making decision on moving for March, 2013

• In July, 2012 the commission on moving under the chairmanship of Igor Shuvalov suggested to place the government center in the Communard near MKAD. There expressed readiness to move deputies and senators, however on condition that together with them also other authorities will move. Separately parliamentarians refused to move.

• In August, 2012 it became known that the decision on moving of officials to "new Moscow" was postponed for half a year. Thus, it will be accepted not earlier than March, 2013.

To this term the Russian President Vladimir Putin charged to define sections where authorities could move and also work financing of the project. He announced it at a private meeting on August 14. On it the Mayor of Moscow Sergey Sobyanin, the governor of Moscow area Sergey Shoygu, the head of Rosimushchestvo Olga Dergunova, the executive officer president's head Vladimir Kozhin prisuststvovat and others^[2].

By March, 2012 Vladimir Putin also charged to carry out the assessment of buildings where now authorities are placed. Having sold these buildings, it is going to finance the project on moving. Sobyanin considers that it is possible to gain 578 billion rubles for them. Putin believes that it is possible to sell buildings at most for 500 billion rubles. Dergunova's assessment is lower - 9-15 billion dollars (287-478.5 billion rubles).

According to the Izvestia newspaper, Vladimir Putin is an opponent of large-scale moving. The edition announced possible freezing of the project on resettlement of officials.

Construction costs Nova Moskvy

Nine teams of contestants during the summer of 2012 should prepare offers on development of the Moscow agglomeration, the best of which officials promise to enter to the changed general plan of the city. The ideas move forward the most different, however experts warn that on the embodiment of most of them most likely there will be no money. "Consider that there is a lunch before waiting for guests" — the research supervisor of scientific research institute of transport Mikhail Blinkin (June, 2012) quotes Kipling.

By its calculations, the minimum transport development of the territories attached to Moscow will require financing in the amount of 19 billion dollars, and for creation of comfortable infrastructure — about 32 billion dollars. Is included construction of two large trunks in this price (6 million dollars for 1 km), a street road network with a density characteristic of a median part of Moscow (2 million dollars for 1 km), two rail lines (5 million dollars for 1 km) and city friveya to the administrative center (3.5 billion dollars for 20 km). "Design and construction capacities for implementation of these projects are, a question in financing" — Mr. Blinkin says.

According to the director of the regional program of Independent institute of social policy Natalya Zubarevich, neither on the state, nor Greater Moscow should expect private investors. The federal budget has more essential tasks. Financing of the APEC summit will end, there will be Olympic Games, the FIFA World Cup and "Group of Eight" which is decided to be led to Skolkovo. Plus it is necessary to prepare for a new wave of crisis.

As for private investments, investors ceased to invest money in the large cities where for development of projects there are too much restrictions. "Moscow in three years after crisis received minus of 31% of investments, the Moscow region is minus 50%" — Mrs. Zubarevich notes. In the capital there are no infrastructure projects which are implemented within public and private partnership and it is not necessary to expect their emergence in the nearest future, Mr. Blinkin adds. The reason — lack of the mechanisms debugged at the level of the legislation and rules of the game clear to investors.

Thus, on development there is a capital budget, but also here volumes of possible financing are small. "The city authorities have no opportunities for maneuver by big resources as the budget is socially oriented, and the population grows old. Already now 10% of expenses are city surcharges to pensions" — Natalya Zubarevich says. She reminds that Moscow lives on income tax and the PIT. However because of change of tax policy this base will decrease. In particular, transition of raw material companies to payment of income tax on the consolidated group will turn back loss of tens of billions of rubles for the city budget. "The Greater Moscow project cannot rely on a capital rent, it is unsteady base for development" —^[3] Mrs. Zubarevich^[3] is sure^[3].

The head of a building complex Marat Khusnullin who was present at a seminar did not agree with arguments of experts. According to him, the city has enough funds for development of transport infrastructure both on existing, and in the attached territories. In 2012 the budget of transport construction makes 7 billion dollars, in nine years Moscow will spend about 63 billion dollars for transport infrastructure. "We are ready to make investments in transport infrastructure to the detriment of any other direction" — Mr. Khusnullin emphasizes.

Information technologies and communication in Nova Moskve

On a doinformatization of the territories attached to the capital to the level of modern Moscow at least 5 years can be required. Such opinion was expressed by TAdviser on December 26, 2012 the director of DIT of Moscow Artem Yermolaev.

"It is connected with the fact that informatization without telecommunications cannot be. Now quality of infrastructure it that the speech even not about the optical cable - though what cable would be", - Artem Yermolaev told. - There the power transmission line that not always is".

The main objective on the near future Artem Yermolaev sees in alignment of availability of services of fixed connection in Nova Moskve. "While he at the existing level it is difficult to speak about informatization", - he noted. - What's the use from the fact that the person has an opportunity to make an appointment with the doctor far off if he has no computer and the home Internet?".

Other problem preventing implementation of state programs Artem Yermolaev noted so low level of cellular communication. "There is a lot of problems therefore to say that in the next years we will make everything there – it would be wrong", - Artem Yermolaev continued to answer questions of TAdviser.

"Our task now to concentrate on those localities where most of all inhabitants to give them an opportunity to receive all range of services which are received by Muscovites. And gradually such steps to attach the new cities to our general system", - he told. - As soon as there is a communication, for example, connection of a health care system will take no more day".

Investment will be performed from non-budgetary sources. "We carry out work with telecom operators, we convince of prospects of new territories", - Yermolaev continued. - Volumes of housing construction after expansion increased several times therefore telecom operators should go there. It is that ARPU which in old Moscow "catch" already late".