MySQL

Main article: Database Management System (DMS)

MySQL (officially pronounced "mai-es-kyu-el," slang. "muscle," "muscle") - a free database management system (DMS). It allows users to interact with Databases (view, search, add, and manage data).

2023: MySQL 8.1.0

On July 18, 2023, it became known that 5 years after the publication of the 8.0 branch, Oracle formed the MySQL 8.1 DBMS branch and announced a change in the release generation model. MySQL Community Server 8.1.0 builds are prepared for all major Linux, FreeBSD, macOS, and Windows distributions.

As reported, the updated model for the formation of releases provides for the presence of two types of MySQL branches - "Innovation" and "LTS." Both branches will include updated capabilities and will be suitable for operational implementations. The Innovation branches, which include MySQL 8.1, are recommended for those who want to access the updated functionality earlier. These branches will be published every 3 months and supported only until the publication of the next significant release (for example, support for branch 8.1 will be discontinued after the appearance of branch 8.2, which is expected at the end of October 2023). LTS branches are recommended for implementations that need predictability and long-term preservation of unchanged behavior. LTS branches will be produced every two years and supported normally for 5 years, in addition to which it will be possible to get another 3 years of expanded support.

After publishing MySQL 8.1.0, branch 8.0 is put into maintenance mode, which allows only error correction. Support of branch 8.0 will last until April 2026. In about a year, the LTS release of MySQL 8.4 will be released, which will leave users about two years to switch from MySQL 8.0 to the updated LTS branch. After the formation of the LTS release, the first digit in the version number will be increased for the next significant release, i.e. after 8.4 LTS, the 9.0 Innovation branch will be formed, then in two years the LTS release 9.7 will be released, after which the turn of the 10.0 Innovation branch will be. Updates of the database in place (without reloading the dump) will be supported between LTS releases and between Innovation branches until the next LTS release (i.e. from LTS 8.4 it will be possible to switch to LTS 9.7 without reloading the database and from Innovation 9.1 to all 9.x branches, including LTS 9.7).

LTS release

The main changes in MySQL 8.1:

• The construct "EXPLAIN FORMAT = JSON INTO" has been added, which allows you to save the query execution time report in JSON format in a separate variable to which the functions for parsing JSON apply, for example:

EXPLAIN FORMAT=JSON INTO @myex SELECT name FROM a WHERE id =
SELECT JSON_EXTRACT(@myex, "$.query_block.table.key");

• By default, cutting comments sent to the server by the mysql client is disabled. To return the old behavior, run the mysql utility with the --skip-comments option.
• The value of the SOURCE_RETRY_COUNT option (the time to wait before retry the connection) specified in the "CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO" expression has been changed by default to 10 seconds.
• To optimize debugging problems, additional messages have been added to the log about starting and stopping work, as well as closing connections.
• Added the expression "SHOW PARSE_TREE" to show the parse tree of the SELECT query in the JSON view.
• The tls-certificates-enforced-validation system variable has been added to enable mandatory validation of the TLS certificate when starting the server or executing the expression "ALTER INSTANCE RELOAD TLS." If the scan fails, the server will not start.
• Added variables to reflect replication status.
• Added authentication_ldap_[simple'sasl]_[connect'response]_timeout variables to manage timeout values when connecting to an LDAP server during authentication.
• No support for NULL options specified at startup (--my-option = NULL) and associated system variables.
• The use of the " $" character as the first character of identifiers is prohibited, without shielding^[1].

2022: Vulnerability to malicious attacks

Millions of MySQL servers are vulnerable to malicious attacks. This became known on June 1, 2022.

Researchers at Shadowserver recommend isolating servers to reduce the attack surface.

Shadowserver researchers scanned the Internet for MySQL servers vulnerable to attacks and reported that in response to requests to connect to the port, 3306/TCP managed to obtain more than 2.3 million IPv4 and 1.3 million IPv6 addresses. According to experts, this indicates the openness of a huge number of servers for hacker attacks.

Of the more than 3.6 million vulnerable MySQL servers, most were located in the United States - more than 740,000; China - more than 296,000; and Poland - more than 207,000 devices available.

You hardly want your MySQL server to allow external connections from the Internet and thereby put your systems at risk of attack, Shadowserver said in a statement. If you still received our report on your network/site, take measures to filter traffic to your MySQL instance and be sure to implement server authorization[2].

2021: Adding MySQL Autopilot Service

On August 24, 2021, Oracle introduced another component for the MySQL HeatWave service - MySQL Autopilot. The solution is an in-memory engine for the MySQL Database Service DBMS in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI). MySQL Autopilot uses advanced machine learning algorithms to automate HeatWave, increasing system performance and scalability. Autopilot is already available for MySQL HeatWave users at no additional cost, and a series of free webinars on working with HeatWave in Russian has been launched for users.

MySQL Autopilot automates a number of the most important and complex procedures to achieve high query performance for large-scale databases. The tool helps you optimize provisioning, data loading, query execution, and error handling. The tool uses advanced technologies to select data, collect statistics on data and requests, and create Oracle AutoML-based machine learning models to assess memory usage, network resource utilization, and query execution time. The models you create are subsequently used by MySQL Autopilot to optimize key system functions. With MySQL Autopilot, the HeatWave query queue optimizer becomes more intelligent as queries are executed, and system performance is constantly improving. This is not possible in any of the similar systems, including Amazon Aurora, Amazon Redshift, Snowflake and other MySQL-based services.

MySQL Autopilot has the following features:

• Automatic provisioning predicts the number of active HeatWave nodes that will be needed to process requests. Because of this, users no longer need to manually determine the required cluster size.
• Automatic parallel loading helps optimize load times and memory utilization by predicting the optimal level of parallelism for each table loaded into HeatWave.
• Automatic data placement determines the rows by which tables must be separated for memory placement and provides a better level of performance.
• Automatic encoding can determine the optimal representation of the strings to load into HeatWave, taking into account existing requests, and minimizes the cost of the cluster.
• Automatic query scheduling enhancements help create an optimal future query execution plan by examining the execution parameters of current queries.
• Automatic determination of the execution time allows you to estimate the processing time of the request even before the start of the request
• Automatic propagation change intelligently determines the best time to transfer modified data from MySQL to the HeatWave Scale-out Data Management layer.
• Automatic scheduling allows you to define quick-to-execute requests and prioritize them over long-term ones.
• Automatic error correction allocates new nodes and reboots the necessary data in the event of no response from one or more HeatWave nodes.

As part of the announcement, Oracle also introduced the MySQL Scale-out Data Management solution, which allows you to increase the performance of rebooting data in HeatWave up to 100 times. For HeatWave, the platform configuration now supports 64-node clusters (up from 24 previously) and can handle up to 32 TB of data (up from 12 TB). The announced improvements significantly increase HeatWave's appeal over competing solutions.

Additional features are already available as part of the latest OCI release of MySQL HeatWave for all 30 cloud regions of Oracle Cloud Regions.

2019: Fix 34 vulnerabilities

On October 17, 2019, it became known that Oracle has fixed 219 dangerous vulnerabilities in different product lines. The free relational database management system MySQL has received 34 vulnerability fixes. Read more here.

2015

As of October 2015, MySQL complies with the ANSI 92 SQL specification. The development and support of MySQL is carried out by Oracle Corporation, which received the rights to the trademark along with the acquired Sun Microsystems, which previously acquired the Swedish company MySQL AB. The product is distributed both under the GNU General Public License and under its own commercial license. In addition, the developers create functionality for ordering licensed users. It is thanks to this order that the replication mechanism appeared in almost the earliest versions.

MySQL is a solution for small and medium-sized applications. It is part of WAMP, AppServ, LAMP servers and portable assemblies of Denver, XAMPP servers. Usually MySQL is used as a server accessed by local or remote clients, but the distribution includes an internal server library that allows you to include MySQL in offline programs. The first internal release of MySQL took place on May 23, 1995; A version for Windows systems (Windows 95 and NT) was released on January 8, 1998.

The flexibility of MySQL DBMS is provided by the support of a large number of table types: users can select both MyISAM tables that support full-text search and InnoDB tables that support transactions at the level of individual records. Moreover, the MySQL DBMS comes with a special type of EXAMPLE tables, demonstrating the principles of creating new types of tables. Thanks to the open architecture and GPL licensing, new table types are constantly appearing in MySQL DBMS.

MySQL 5.7 released

On October 23, 2015, Oracle announced the availability of MySQL 5.7, an open source version of the database management system.

The product provides increased performance, scalability and manageability, with advanced NoSQL capabilities with JSON support, a component of MySQL Router that simplifies the connection of applications with many MySQL databases.

Screenshot of the window for comparing MySQL 5.6 and MySQL 5.7 (2015)

Key changes to MySQL 5.7 to improve performance and scalability:

• Improved performance: In SysBench Read-only Point-Selects tests with 1024 connections, MySQL 5.7 performed 1.6 million queries per second (QPS), 3 times the same MySQL 5.6.

• InnoDB optimization: improved performance and parallelism, improved real-time operations, spatial indexes, built-in partitioning, and many other enhancements.

• More reliable replication: multi-source replication, improved Global Transaction Identifier (GTID) mechanism, and advanced multithreaded data replication on slave servers to improve scalability and availability.

• Optimizer enhancements: A new dynamic cost model enables more efficient query execution and enhances user experience.

The main features of MySQL 5.7 improve manageability:

• The built-in JSON data type and JSON features increase the efficiency and flexibility of storing, searching, and using chemless data. Improvements include a new internal binary format, support for simple SQL integration, and index management in JSON documents using generated columns.

• The Performance Schema supports diagnostics of memory, transactions, stored procedures, prepared statements, replication, and locks.

• The MySQL SYS Schema provides helper objects to answer typical questions about performance, health, usage, and monitoring.

• Upgraded protection makes it easier and safer to initialize, configure, and manage database instances.

• Optimized GIS functions for mobile applications support spatial indexes in InnoDB, as well as GeoJSON and GeoHash.

The MySQL Router component has been released - it simplifies application development by intelligently routing queries to MySQL databases to improve performance and availability. MySQL Router provides multilingual support for MySQL Fabric, simplifying the management of MySQL database groups and providing high levels of scalability based on automatic data sharding.

Since October 26, 2015, MySQL 5.7 is available for download on the site dev.mysql.com/downloads/. There are conditions and restrictions.

MySQL 5.7 Stable Release

On October 19, 2015, Oracle introduced the first stable release DBMS MySQL 5.7 Company Oracle^[3].

Despite the announcement, the final release of MySQL Community Server 5.7, distributed under the GPL, is not yet available for download and will be published on October 26, 2015.

The main changes in MySQL 5.7:

• Support for JSON data manipulation. Added built-in JSON data type and feature set for efficient processing, storage, parsing and searching for unstructured data in JSON format. JSON documents are packaged in a special internal binary format, support indexing and can be integrated into SQL queries, including with the generation of virtual columns;

• a MySQL Router component that allows you to connect applications to multiple MySQL databases. MySQL Router can also be used to create fault-tolerant configurations and to automate data sharding on multiple servers;

• performance optimization was carried out. In the SysBench test, when 1024 connections were established, MySQL 5.7 managed to demonstrate a performance of 1.6 million read requests per second, which is three times higher than the MySQL 5.6 configuration could provide.

• supports multi-source replication, which allows you to replicate data from multiple master servers to a single slave server. For example, you can use this feature to back up the contents of different servers, to consolidate data from multiple servers, or to consolidate the building tables. Support for replication channels has been added on the slave server side, allowing you to use different connections to receive data in parallel from different servers into several threads;

• the optimizer implements a new model of dynamic prioritization, which allows you to achieve higher request processing speed and provides the user with more control tools;

• Added a new set of Performance Schema system tables with statistics on memory allocation, transactions, stored procedures, replication, and locks

• expanded means of processing the state and diagnostics of DBMS operation. SYS Schema provides a set of auxiliary objects with information on performance, operating status and monitoring. Added support for nested diagnostic areas (viewing with the GET STACKED DIAGNOSTICS command);

• a more secure mechanism for initializing a directory with DBMS data is implemented: By default, only the'root @ localhost' account is created with a randomly created password, which is immediately marked outdated and requires a new password. Anonymous user accounts and test databases are not created;

• added an implementation of data types for setting spatial coordinates with support for InnoDB, GeoJSON and GeoHash;

• improving the InnoDB engine:
  • Increased time table performance
  • expanded partitioning facilities;
  • added the ability to resize VARCHAR rows without rebuilding the table (ALTER TABLE... ALGORITHM = INPLACE, CHANGE COLUMN... VARCHAR ());
  • a separate namespace has been introduced for tables with uncompressed data;
  • support for creating table spaces from the underlying storage directory. Creation is carried out using the CREATE TABLESPACE construct;

• ALTER TABLE adds support for RENAME INDEX to rename indexes;

• the "--syslog" option has been added to the mysql client, which allows you to send all entered commands to the log;
• the ability to set the user password expiration policy, after which a password change is required to access the database. Support for temporary blocking of accounts;

• When you enable server connection encryption, when compiling with OpenSSL support, all required SSL and RSA certificates are now automatically generated, and key files are generated at startup. To manually create certificates and keys, the mysql_ssl_rsa_setup utility is included;

• by default, STRICT_TRANS_TABLES mode is enabled, in which if the value cannot be placed in the database, the expression leads to an error, which avoids vulnerabilities due to automatic cropping of too long lines;

• Support for generated column values that are evaluated when an entry is added based on an expression that spans the values of other columns. (for example, in "CREATE TABLE" you can specify "sidec DOUBLE AS (SQRT (sidea * sidea + sideb * sideb)");

• the ability to change the master server without stopping the slave server (without executing the STOP SLAVE command);

• Support for delayed operations such as "INSERT DELAYED" and "REPLACE DELAYED" has been discontinued.

• instead of GRANT, only CREATE USER and ALTER USER should now be used to create and change user parameters. Instead of "SET PASSWORD" and the PASSWORD () function, only "ALTER USER" is allowed;

• support of utilities mysqlhotcopy, msql2mysql, mysql_convert_table_format, mysql_find_rows, mysql_fix_extensions, mysql_setpermission, mysql_waitpid, mysql_zap, mysqlaccess and mysqlbug is stopped.

2014

Development Milestone Release MySQL 5.7.5

On November 6, 2014, Oracle introduced a new working version of MySQL 5.7.

MySQL 5.7.5 has many features and capabilities for improving performance and scalability:

• a new optimizer dynamic cost model
• InnoDB Performance Improvements
• improved replication performance
• a number of manageability improvements.

To improve support, community MySQL, Oracle has opened up free access to MySQL source code on the GitHub.com site, giving users the ability to download code from their preferred hosting platform.

Performance and scalability enhancements include:

• a new dynamic cost model of the MySQL optimizer has been implemented, expanding user capabilities and improving query performance.

• InnoDB performance enhancements that accelerate online load and bulk load operations.

• Performance Schema performance diagnostics enhancements that include the implementation of user activity controls and status variable parameters, as well as information monitoring tools for the replication process.

• Improved replication performance, including multi-threaded data replication on a slave server within the same intraschema multithread slave, allows you to process many transactions in separate parallel threads while maintaining integrity and maintaining transaction retries.

• In the SysBench Read-only Point-Selects test with 1024 connections, the new working version of MySQL 5.7 demonstrated a performance of 645000 QPS (queries per second), which is 2 times the same as MySQL 5.6. Using MySQL 5.7, a result of more than 1 million was also achieved. NoSQL queries per second to InnoDB tables through a Memcached interface, which is 6 times the result of MySQL 5.6.

Improved manageability:

• The new global data dictionary improves manageability as well as query performance.

• improved partitioning simplifies database administration by moving database partitions quickly and easily.

• improved GIS (geographical information system) functions provide more robust support for spatial data, including Geohash and GeoJSON.

• improvements to the replication process using the Global Transactions Identifiers (GTID) mechanism eliminate the need to run binary logs on slave servers.

• The new DMR version of MySQL supports OracleHYPERLINK (including built-in support for the DTrace diagnostic tool) and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.

Development Milestone Release MySQL 5.7.4

On March 31, 2014, Oracle Corporation announced the release of a new version of Development Milestone Release (DMR) MySQL 5.7.4.

The new version of the DBMS, according to the developers, has optimized performance, scalability and reliability, improved management tools.

The updated product can be downloaded from the MySQL Developer Zone website. It offers upgraded replication, security, and diagnostics.

Among the new opportunities DBMS Oracle in noted:

• improvement of GIS functions (use of spatial indices in InnoDB,
• improving accuracy and efficiency;
• Improved performance and throughput with Solid State Drives (Solid State Disk SSD ,).

The development of multi-source replication has continued, and the performance of MySQL semi-synchronous replication has been improved.

The new version of MySQL has improved:

• an optimizer that provides cost calculations in the process of selecting a request execution plan;
• Performance Schema, including additional diagnostic tools;
• security, including 256-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption
• new capabilities for password management.

2013: MySQL 5.7

On October 16, 2013, Oracle Corporation announced the release of the second working version (Development Milestone Release, DMR) of MySQL 5.7, already available for download.

Changes

The new version has optimized performance, scalability and manageability, which allows DBMS developers and administrators to create modern web, cloud and embedded applications that can handle ever-growing amounts of data. In addition to the new DMR release, Oracle has labs.mysql.com access to additional features under development for testing and discussion by a wide community of users.

Key changes:

• provides performance of 500 thousand requests per second (QPS), linear vertical scaling of up to 64 processor cores, increased data replication throughput on a slave server - a new mode of multithreading replication events on them is used, in which non-overlapping transactions are processed in separate parallel threads, even when these transactions operate on the same database schema.

• optimized: Online Alter Table operation - support is implemented for non-blocking renaming of indexes and expanding columns with the VARCHAR data type;

• Trigger Controls - Supports linking multiple triggers to the same event type in the same table, and you can define trigger sequences using the Follow and Precedes statements.

• extended capabilities of diagnostics of internal memory usage through the general Performance Schema. Added tools that help track memory allocation and memory usage operations during mysqld (MySQL cores). At the same time, for the first time in the history of MySQL, built-in support and memory usage tracking tools were implemented. Memory usage monitoring allows you to access a number of indicators, such as the amount of internal memory currently in use, the number of memory operations, and the minimum and maximum values ​ ​ of these indicators over a period of time.

• Expanded capabilities to diagnose the use of stored programs in Performance Schema - added detailed information about internal instructions executed within stored programs; Stored Programs - The Get Stacked Diagnostics command can be used as a new error analysis tool for detecting, investigating, and handling problems in stored programs. It is also possible to analyze a query during its execution - the Explain statement for another connection allows you to obtain execution plans for queries currently running.

• enhanced support for JSON-based Explain results output - it helps to get more detailed information about query plans by adding data on the total cost of the query, the cost per table and the total amount of data, which gives an idea of ​ ​ the calculations and estimates of the optimizer based on cost characteristics. You can see not only what execution plan has been chosen, but also why.

• provides the possibility of semi-synchronous data replication without loss, along with fixation of transactions in the storage mechanism and in external memory on the master server only after the slave server has confirmed the receipt of data.

Availability

MySQL Community Edition 5.7.2 DMR is available for download from MySQL Developer Zone. Additionally, on the labs.mysql.com site, you can get access for early testing and discussion by the MySQL community of a number of important functions: mysqlfabric in the MySQL Utilities 1.4.0 utility package - allows you to scale horizontally through a "sharding" (initially, this tool is supported in client libraries for PHP, Python and Java); Multi-source replication of MySQL - allows one slave server to aggregate data from several master servers.

2012

MySQL Migration Tool with Microsoft SQL Server

Oracle Corporation announced in September 2012 the release of a new migration tool that expands the capabilities of MySQL users in the Microsoft Windows operating environment, allowing them to quickly and easily migrate from Microsoft SQL Server to MySQL. The new MySQL for Excel plug-in also allows analysts to seamlessly access and manage data stored in MySQL from Microsoft Excel without the need for prior technical mastering of MySQL.

The MySQL Installer for Windows installation tool is also available for download, which helps users configure advanced information security and logging functions; and a new MySQL Notifier application for the Windows platform, allowing users to easily monitor and manage MySQL server instances.

Using MySQL instead of Microsoft SQL Server 2012 reduces the total cost of ownership of the database by up to 90%.

"Oracle continues to deliver innovation and additional MySQL benefits to Windows users and independent software vendors," said Tomas Ulin, Oracle's vice president of MySQL development. "Simplified migration, improved data management, administration and control, and easy installation and additional configuration options make MySQL an ideal platform for developing, deploying, and managing critical business applications in a Windows environment."

The new migration tool, which is integrated into MySQL Workbench to visualize the design, development, and administration of MySQL databases, now provides a complete solution for migrating Microsoft SQL Server tables and data to MySQL with less time and effort.

Using MySQL Workbench, SQL Server developers and database administrators can quickly and easily convert existing applications to use MySQL on both Windows and other operating platforms.

Developed in response to the growing demand from business analysts to use MySQL for data marts and analytical applications, the new MySQL for Excel plug-in enables users to easily import, export, and manipulate MySQL data.

The advanced installation tool MySQL Installer, which allows users in most cases to go from download to development in three minutes or less, provides point-and-click operations to configure new instances of the MySQL database, as well as configure advanced security and logging functions.

The new MySQL Notifier application for Windows helps database developers and administrators easily monitor, start and stop MySQL database instances due to their "appearance and feel" with Microsoft SQL Server.

The new tools will be showcased at the upcoming two-day MySQL connect Conference on September 29 and 30 in San Francisco. Follow the MySQL Connect Twitter feed (hashtag# mysqlconnect).

MySQL 5.6 DMR

Oracle announced in the spring of 2012 a working version (Development Milestone Release) of the open source database MySQL 5.6. MySQL 5.6 DMR includes new replication capabilities that increase database availability with self-healing tools and better performance and management tools. The working version of the MySQL 5.6 DMR database can be downloaded from the MySQL Developer Zone.

In addition to the new DMR release, Oracle provides labs.mysql.com with access to fundamentally new capabilities that are under development for testing and discussion by a wide range of users. Functions include the ability to add indexes on the fly, as well as access to InnoDB tables through the NoSQL interface using the Memcached protocol.

The benefits of MySQL 5.6 are high availability with new replication features; New optimization for better processing of complex queries improved Performance_Schema.

The site labs.mysql.com open familiarization access to the following functions of MySQL 5.6, which are under active development, so that users and members of the MySQL community can comment on them: support for adding indexes on the fly (improving the availability and performance of InnoDB thanks to the fully networked operation of ADD indexes without locks, support for faster and easier evolution of schemes to ensure the rapid deployment of web services); High-performance access to InnoBD through the NoSQL interface using the Memcached protocol (the ability to flexibly use NoSQL technologies to access InnoDB data simultaneously using SQL queries) additional performance improvements on modern hardware systems (improve InnoDB query performance by improving the handling of frequently updated data areas on multi-core processors).

2011

MySQL 5.6

• The InnoDB core storage system and query optimizer have been significantly improved. The optimizer is now able to store execution algorithms for specific requests specified by the administrator. Version 5.6 will probably include some technologies implemented by Percona - it is releasing a modified version of MySQL called Percona Server. One of them is to restore the request buffer after restarting the server. The server stores records in the buffer, which are most often requested by clients, however, in the standard version of MySQL, when restarting, the contents of the buffer disappear, and until it fills up again, the performance will be lower than usual. Server replication in version 5.6 will be multithreaded. The server where the backup is created will be able to make changes in parallel to all replicated databases. Replication with a time delay is also implemented, which can serve as insurance against operator errors.

• On September 5, 2011, Oracle announced it was opening access to new MySQL 5.6 features so developers could test, implement, and comment on them. Common database features are designed to improve scalability, performance, and flexibility.

The enhancements relate to InnoDB storage, which now supports full-text search, which improves the performance of write-intensive applications and the scalability of heavy-duty systems.

"Oracle continues to develop MySQL to meet the growing needs of application developers," said Tomas Ulin, Oracle's vice president of MySQL development. - Evaluation access to MySQL 5.6 will allow you to test the operation of many important functions designed to improve the performance, flexibility and scalability of this DBMS. In addition, the MySQL community will be able to share its comments and suggestions with Oracle. "

New and upgraded MySQL data replication features improve performance, scalability, and data integration.

Oracle has opened trial access to MySQL 5.6 features under active development so that users and members of the MySQL community can comment on them. It is planned that after the completion of development, these functions will be included in future versions: working (Development Milestone) and final (General Availability).

Enhanced replication, updated InnoDB storage, and advanced search

The [1] following new features of MySQL 5.6 are http://labs.mysql.com open for review, testing and commenting on the site:

• InnoDB Full-Text Search: Provides users with the ability to build full-text indexes and search for text information stored in InnoDB tables, and supports fast and accurate search of document content.

• InnoDB Buffer Pool Content Preloading: New features for manual and automatic preloading of InnoDB buffer pool content significantly reduce the time the server takes to go online after restart.

• InnoDB Rollback Log Files Increase: The maximum size of InnoDB rollback log files is increased from 4 GB to 2 TB to improve performance for high write or long-run applications.

• Group Commit changes to the binary update log - The Group Commit operation is used to improve the performance of the MySQL replication engine. Updates are written to the binary log in parallel mode, and then recorded as a group in the binlog on disk.

• Binlog API: allows you to easily integrate MySQL with new and legacy applications, as well as with data stores. This application programming interface allows developers to simplify integration by standardizing DML operations in MySQL, while data replication to other applications is done within their data management infrastructure.

MySQL 5.5 Enterprise Edition

MySQL 5.5 Enterprise Edition is an end-to-end subscription solution that includes MySQL Database and monitoring, backup, and development tools, combined with 24/7 customer support worldwide. MySQL 5.5 Enterprise Edition adds MySQL Enterprise Backup and MySQL Workbench tools and MySQL Enterprise Monitor extensions. MySQL Enterprise Edition supports many operating systems, including Linux and Windows, and, compared to Microsoft SQL Server, can reduce total cost of ownership, Oracle said in a statement.

MySQL Enterprise Edition enhancements include integration with MyOracle Support, which allows MySQL customers to enjoy world-class, 24-hour technical support from Oracle. In addition, current Oracle Database clients who may be using MySQL Database for departmental and web applications can receive MySQL technical support through their existing MyOracle Support environment, Oracle noted.

MySQL Enterprise Monitor 2.3 offers new rules and charts that help users further optimize the performance and availability of MySQL Database and MySQL Cluster. The update includes new MySQL and InnoDB charts, as well as charts for a specific operating environment that improve visual inspection of key systems for both real-time monitoring mode and statistical trend analysis.

In turn, MySQL Enterprise Backup 3.5 enables organizations to back up MySQL Databases online without disrupting systems, and improves data integrity and uptime by supporting full, incremental, and partial backup modes, as well as point-in-time recovery (Point-in-Time recovery) and backup compression.

MySQL Workbench 5.2 provides data modeling and SQL development functions, as well as a complete set of administration tools, allowing users to visually design, model, generate and manage MySQL Databases.

In September 2011, it was announced that the commercial version of the MySQL (Enterprise Edition) DBMS had several more extensions focused on application in an enterprise environment. The source code of these extensions will not be included in the freely distributed version of MySQL, which will further distance it from the commercial version. This is common practice among companies developing commercial versions of open source programs, but Oracle's solution is unlikely to suit all users.

The performance of MySQL applications that need to maintain many simultaneous connections will be improved by organizing a thread pool. The effect should be especially noticeable on systems with 16 or more cores, according to Oracle. The commercial version now includes the Oracle VM virtual machine template, support for the Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) high availability system, and several external authentication modules, including for Windows services.

An Enterprise Edition license for a year for one server with no more than four processors costs $5,000. A free 30-day test version will also be available soon.

2010

MySQL 5.5.8

MySQL 5.5.8 is the first stable release of MySQL branch 5.5.x (previous releases in this branch were not stable). Among the most significant changes to the new version of MySQL 5.5 is performance optimization on multiprocessor systems. InnoDB (developed by Oracle Innobase) is now used as the default storage subsystem, instead of the MyISAM engine that was previously used. At the same time, improvements have been added to InnoDB itself to provide greater I/O performance. MySQL 5.5 also provides better support for the Solaris OS (including support for atomic instructions, improved operation on multiprocessor systems, etc.) and added support for the Dtrace diagnostic tool.

The community version of MySQL is distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL license. Users interested in commercial support can purchase one of the Classic Edition, Standard Edition, Enterprise Edition or Cluster Carrier Grade Edition on a paid subscription basis.

MySQL 5.5

The main advantages of MySQL 5.5 are:

• Advanced MySQL Server database server and InnoDB database management system provide the performance and scalability you need for the latest multiprocessor and multi-core platforms and operating systems;
• InnoDB is now the default storage system for the MySQL server and provides ACID transactions, referential integrity, and disaster recovery;
• Support for a semi-synchronous replication mechanism improves fault tolerance by keeping the master server running without waiting for acknowledgements from each slave node. If you receive a command confirmation from at least one slave node, the transaction can be completed. This approach also helps to maintain data integrity;
• Replication Heart Beat accelerates the detection, diagnosis, and remediation of master server and slave site synchronization issues to improve data reliability, availability, and risk reduction;
• An advanced mechanism for partitioning indexes and tables allows you to specify RANGE and LIST partitions on columns with data types "date," "datetime," "varchar" and "char," which simplifies work with MySQL, expands the capabilities of DBMS, and also increases the flexibility of database indexing and query settings;
• The ability to use the syntax of SIGNAL/RESIGNAL statements that meets the ANSI/ISO standard to implement an error handling mechanism in applications, within stored procedures and triggers;
• Advanced diagnostics, including the new PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA feature, provide low-level diagnostics based on MySQL server performance statistics, enabling database administrators to identify resource-intensive processes and events, optimize labor, and improve productivity.
• In addition, the results of recent performance tests reportedly showed a significant increase in the performance of MySQL 5.5 compared to MySQL 5.1: for Windows, the performance increase in reading/writing operations was up to 1500%, and in read-only mode - up to 500%; for Linux, read/write performance was up to 360%, and read-only performance was up to 200%.

Origin

MySQL originated as an attempt to apply mSQL to the company's own developments: tables that used ISAM, a low-level subroutine. As a result, a new SQL interface was developed, but the API remained a legacy from mSQL. Where the name "MySQL" comes from is not known for certain. The developers give two options: either because almost all of the company's developments began with the prefix My, or in honor of a girl named My, daughter of Michael Monty Videnius, one of the system developers.

MySQL's dolphin logo bears the name "Sakila." It was selected from a large list of user-suggested "dolphin names." The name "Sakila" was sent by Open Source developer Ambrose Twebaze.

Licensing

MySQL is dual licensed. MySQL can be distributed in accordance with the terms of the GPL license. However, under the terms of the GPL, if any program includes MySQL source codes, then it must also be distributed under the GPL license. This may be at odds with the plans of developers who do not want to open the source code of their programs. For such cases, a commercial license is provided, which also provides high-quality service support.

Platforms

MySQL is ported to a large number of platforms:, AIX,, BSDi,, FreeBSD,, HP-UX,, GNU/Linux,, Mac OS X,, NetBSD,, OpenBSD,, OS/2 Warp,, SGI IRIX,, Solaris,,, and SunOS. SCO OpenServer SCO UnixWare Tru64 Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows NT There is Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Server 2003 also a WinCE Windows Vista Windows 7 MySQL port to. It is important to note that the OpenVMS official website DBMS provides not only source codes for free download, but also ready-made executable modules of the MySQL DBMS compiled and optimized for specific operating systems.

Programming languages

MySQL has APIs for Delphi, C, C++, Eifel, Java, Lisp, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Smalltalk and Tcl, libraries for .NET platform languages, and also provides support for ODBC through the MyODBC ODBC ODBC driver.

Notes

Links

• Official website
• Russian site for MySQL
• MySQL Developer Community