Main article: Africa
Colonial dependence on France
For 2023, Congo is in colonial dependence on France, which exercises control over all significant processes in politics and the economy. For more on specific instruments of influence, see French Foreign Policy.
Population
Main article: Population of Africa
Population
2022:96 million people
Migration
2021: Net outflow over 4 years
Marriages
Allowed to have more than one spouse
Overweight
Mortality
Traffic safety
Foreign policy
2024: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso's visit to Russia and draft agreement on the construction of an oil product pipeline in Congo
After an African trip by Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov in early June 2024, during which the minister visited Brazzaville, already President of the Republic of Congo Denis Sassou-Nguesso arrived in Moscow at the end of June, where he met with Vladimir Putin.
The leader of the African country called relations with Russia friendly and solidarity, and also announced his desire to bring cooperation between the countries to a "new level." After Moscow, the president visited St. Petersburg, where he discussed business and cultural ties with the business community and the governor.
For Denis Sassou-Nguesso, this trip is an attempt to create "insurance," in case of increased American pressure in connection with the current struggle for influence in Central Africa and in neighboring DR Congo in particular.
The 80-year-old president's rule is often criticized and accused of corruption in Western media.
The Republic of Congo has large reserves of oil and gas, and its representatives are interested in Russian investments in the energy sector.
As a result, in September 2024 [1] , a draft agreement on the construction of an oil product pipeline in the Republic of Congo was approved.
An agreement of intent for its construction was signed back in 2012. Subsequently, the issue was repeatedly raised, but bureaucratic obstacles in every possible way prevented the launch of the construction process.
And now, 12 years later, after the Sino-American confrontation threatens to draw Congo-Brazzaville into itself, the project was finally approved. It will take place along the route Pointe-Noir - Lutete - Brazzaville - Makulu-Trekot, which is less than the original plan with access to the Cameroonian border.
To implement the project, it is planned to create a joint venture of companies with a share of 90% of the Russian side, represented by Zakneftegasstro-Prometey and 10% of the Congolese side, represented by the national oil company.
The oil product pipeline is required by the African country, which is actively industrializing, because it needs to purchase both oil products from Russia and sell its own oil (according to the reserves of this resource, the country is in 4th place in sub-Saharan Africa).
2023: Refusal to condemn Russia in Ukraine conflict
Economy
GDP $2,572 per person
Inflation
2022: Inflation in November - 12.2%
2019: Debt to China $2.56 billion
In July 2019, it became known that Congo will receive almost $449 million from the IMF to pay off debt to the PRC.
The economy of the Republic of Congo - an OPEC country - suffered from a sharp drop in oil prices in 2014, and the debt level increased to 118% of GDP by 2017. Congo's debt to China at the end of March 2019 was almost $2.56 billion.
In accordance with the terms of the debt restructuring agreement, its repayment will be extended by 15 years. However, the country must pay a third of the amount to China by the end of 2021.
Copper mining
Main article: Copper mining and production
Lithium mining
Power
2020: Very low energy consumption per capita
and
2019: Electrification rate 72%
Agriculture
2019: Low use of pesticides in agriculture
Consumption
2023: Fish consumption is higher than meat consumption
2019: Low rice consumption: 17.9 kg per person per year
2018
Vegetable consumption - 36 kg per capita
The minimum age to purchase alcoholic beverages is 18 years
Foreign trade
2023:63% of wheat supplies come from Russia and Ukraine
2022: China is the biggest export destination
Education
Percentage of people who can read
Health care
2021: Maternity leave
in
2020: Part of the population defecates on the street
Culture
Minkisi figurines
Minkisi figurines, which were revered by many nationalities, were credited with magical power. The term "nkisi" means the forces of nature or the spirit of the ancestor, or the object in which this spirit inhabits. Most often, it was applied to small sculptures intended to serve people, voluntary or forced.
An important part of such an object was considered to be a "bilongo," a magical element placed in the cavities on the stomach of a figure, head or shoulders. His goal was to counter damage, illness, theft and other disasters. Minkisi also played the role of witnesses in the conclusion of important transactions.
Crime
Prisons
2022: The minimum age for children to be jailed is 13
2018: Number of prisoners per 100 thousand citizens
Sport
2022: The most popular sport is football
in
Information and communication technologies
2022: Signing of ICT agreement with Russia
Russia and the Republic of Congo have entered into an agreement on cooperation in the field of information technology and communications (ICT). The press service of the Ministry of Digital Development of the Russian Federation announced this on September 27, 2022.
The agreement in Brazzaville (Republic of Congo) on the sidelines of the 6th meeting of the Intergovernmental Russian-Congolese Mixed Commission on Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation and Trade was signed by Russian Ambassador to the Republic of Congo Georgy Chepik and a representative of the Ministry of Postal Services, Telecommunications and Digital Economy of the Republic of Congo.
It is noted that the document is aimed at developing long-term interaction between the two countries, deepening specialized contacts between representatives of the public sector and the business community, exchanging experience and conducting joint research.
Earlier, the Government of Russia and the Republic of the Congo signed an agreement on cooperation in the field of mass communications. The agreement implies, first of all, the development of contacts through news agencies and TV channels, in particular, the exchange of media products and programs, the implementation of joint thematic projects, press tours and internships of journalists.
In addition, Russia is ready to share with the African side its experience in the transition to digital broadcasting, offer domestic equipment for the Congolese market (digital broadcasting and television transmitters) and establish cooperation in the design and construction of broadcasting networks.
Russia is also ready to supply Congo with e-government technologies, a smart and safe city, information security products, solutions for telecom operators and radio control.
It is noted that Russia is already interacting with the Congo on the international legal protection of frequency assignments of satellite networks in accordance with the radio communication regulations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).[1]
Congo IT Market
2022: No start-up industry
Fauna and National Parks
Nuabale Ndoki Oil Production Plan
Nuabale Ndoki is 3,921.61 km2 of pristine rainforest located in the northern part of the country. Forest elephants, lowland gorillas, chimpanzees, ungulate bongos, 300 species of birds coexist in them, as well as 1000 species of plants and trees, including endangered species of mahogany.
The park is controlled by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS Congo) and the Ministry of Forestry of the Republic of Congo. They pledged to ensure the protection of the territory in accordance with international standards. Nevertheless, according to documents from the country's Ministry of Resources, the French oil company Total received the rights to search for oil in the Koli sector, which intersects with the reserve.
Total also controls the Mokele-Mbete sector, which is on part of the Cuvette Centrale peatlands. In 2017, scientists discovered that this swampy forest, spanning 145,500 km2 in the Republic of Congo and neighbouring DRC, contains more carbon-rich peatlands than anywhere else on Earth.
President Denis Sassou-Nguesso, during a visit to Moscow in May 2019, asked for help Russia in protecting peatlands. Later, Minister of Tourism and Environment Arlett-Nono Sudan met with the Russian Ambassador to the Republic of Congo. However, the meeting also discussed the construction of a pipeline that would transport oil from the northern part of the country - near Coli and Mokele Mbembe - to Pointe Noir, a port city on the country's Atlantic coast.
The economy of the Republic of Congo is heavily dependent on oil. But as oil prices have fallen in recent years, the country's leadership has sought to solve the problem and obtain other sources of income by issuing permits to extract useful goods minerals in the national park.
History
1914
XIX
Calendar
Notes
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