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Grain exports and imports in Russia
Main article: Grain exports and imports in Russia
2024
Russia increased annual wheat exports to China to $87.252 million
In 2024, Russia significantly increased the volume of wheat exports to China, increasing supplies 2.5 times compared to the previous 2023. Wheat exports from Russia to China amounted to $87.252 million, which is $34.71 million more than in 2023. These data were published by the State Customs Administration of China (GTU PRC) in January 2025.
According to Interfax, in December 2024, the supply of Russian wheat to China significantly decreased, amounting to only $786.2 thousand, which is 6 times less than in the same month of 2023. This decline was driven by seasonal fluctuations and traditional year-end trade declines.
Despite record growth in supplies, Russia ranked only sixth among the largest suppliers of wheat to China. The main exporters were Australia ($1.079 billion), Canada ($873.775 million), France ($707.516 million), the USA ($599.54 million) and Kazakhstan ($133.66 million). These countries remain leaders in the Chinese wheat market, despite an increase in supplies from Russia.
In 2024, Russia continued to supply China only with spring wheat and barley. According to Russian experts, winter wheat and barley have the greatest export potential, and Russia is currently seeking permission to supply this grain to China. The expansion of grain supplies to China is expected to continue in the future, which will strengthen Russia's position in the market.
Also in 2024, the export of Russian barley to China increased, which amounted to $177.1 million, which is $66.8 million more than in 2023. However, as with wheat, in December 2024, barley supplies also decreased, amounting to $9.3 million compared to $20.3 million in the same month of 2023.
Among the largest suppliers of barley to China, except Russia, remain Australia ($1.46 billion), Canada ($564.9 million), France ($555.3 million) and Argentina ($450.3 million). These countries continue to be major players in the Chinese barley market.[1]
Russia entered the top 3 wheat suppliers to Indonesia at the end of the year
Russia in the agricultural year, which lasted from July 2023 to June 2024, entered the top 3 wheat suppliers to Indonesia. This was announced in August 2024 by Agroexport under the Ministry of Agriculture with reference to the report of the foreign agricultural service of the US Ministry of Agriculture.
According to published statistics, Indonesia imported a record 12.6 million tons of wheat during the reported agricultural year, a third more than a year earlier. The top 3 suppliers included Australia with a share of 32.3%, Canada (18.8%) and Russia (13.4%).
2023
Share of Russia and Ukraine in wheat supplies to African countries
Russia is increasing its share in world wheat exports at the expense of Ukraine
Russia strengthens control over global wheat supplies. According to the Ministry, in agriculture USA the season that begins July 1, 2023, Russia will be the source of every fifth cargo of exported wheat.
Russia remains the world's largest exporter of wheat by a wide margin from competitors
Take-off of wheat exports twice at low prices
After a slow start to the season, Russian grain exports are booming at the end of February 2023. Export prices for Russian wheat are at their lowest level since August.
In January and February, shipments of wheat - the country's main crop - nearly doubled from last year, according to Logistic OS. Buyers shunned shipments at the start of the season when prices weren't as attractive, but they are now making a comeback as last year's huge crop helped make Russian grains one of the cheapest in the world.
2022:25 African countries import 1/3 of their wheat from Russia and Ukraine
According to UNCTAD, 25 African countries import more than 1/3 of their wheat from Russia and Ukraine. For 15 countries, this share is more than half.
2021
Wheat exports from Russia grew by 8.5% to $8.88 billion
Exports of wheat and meslin (a mixture of wheat and rye) from Russia in 2021 decreased by 14.4% compared to 2020 and amounted to 32.92 million tons. Such data were published on February 7, 2022 by the Federal Customs Service (FCS) of the Russian Federation.
If in physical terms the supply of Russian wheat abroad has significantly decreased, then in money they increased by 8.5% in 2021 compared to the result of a year ago and reached $8.88 billion.
According to the FCS, wheat imports to Russia amounted to 123.2 thousand tons, which is 35.2% less than a year earlier. In dollars, the import figure was $49.2 million. Barley imports for the year decreased by 87.3%, to 6.2 thousand tons.
According to the estimates of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, grain exports in 2020-2021 agricultural year (from July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021) reached 49 million tons, wheat supplies - 37.6 million. The export potential for grain supplies in 2021-2022 agricultural year (from July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022) is estimated at 45-48 million tons.
Sovekon director Andrei Sizov believes that in the short term, grain exports from the Russian Federation will be supported by the expectation of the introduction of a quota, the weakening of the ruble and the growth of the competitiveness of Russian wheat in world markets.
According to the calculations of the Rusagrotrans analytical center, made in the first half of the 2021-2022 agricultural year, the first place among the largest grain exporters was retained by the Rif TD, which supplied 5.31 million tons of grain. The second line was taken by Demeter Trading with 2.81 million tons. In third place is Aston, which shipped 2.29 million tons. The share of the ten largest grain exporters exceeded 72% against 64.5% a season earlier. The largest buyers of Russian grain included Turkey (5.78 million tons), Iran (5.09 million tons) and Egypt (3.42 million tons), according to Rusagrotrans[2]
Share of wheat exports from Russia - 5% of the world market
2020
Egypt, Turkey and Nigeria are Russia's biggest wheat buyers
Russia is the leader in wheat exports with an indicator of 37.3 million tons
2018: Russia is the world leader in wheat exports
Notes
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