Blood donation

Main article: Human blood

2024

The number of blood donors in Russia reached a 10-year high - 1.08 million people

In Russia, there is an increase in the number of blood donors. In the first seven months of 2024, the number of people who donated blood increased by 1.88% compared to the same period in 2023, reaching 1.08 million people. This was announced on October 17, 2024 by a representative of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency (FMBA).

According to Vedomosti, if the current dynamics continues until the end of 2024, the number of donors will reach 10 per 1000 citizens, which is the maximum value since 2014. In 2023, this figure was 9.8 per 1000 people.

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Freepik

The growth of donor activity was observed in Russia for the fourth year in a row. In 2022, Minister of Health Mikhail Murashko reported an increase in the number of donors by 7.2%, and in 2023, according to the FMBA report, their number increased by another 1.4%, reaching 1.43 million people.

Elena Stefanyuk, Deputy Chairman of the Coordination Council at the Public Chamber of Russia for Blood and Bone Marrow Donation, noted that in two decades in Russia it was possible to completely reconfigure the field of blood donation.

Now the system for regulating the collection of blood components is configured - the so-called donor traffic light, - explained Stefanyuk

According to Sergei Sidorkevich, director of the Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology of the FMBA, currently the blood supply in Russia is 100%, and there is no shortage. The representative of the FMBA confirmed that all applications of medical institutions are provided in full.

According to the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM), 40% of Russians have experience in blood donation. The proportion of experienced donors who donated blood more than three times has doubled since 2008 and reached 18%.

New approaches to popularizing donation among citizens are emerging in Russia. In 2024, the All-Russian action "Donor Family Code" is being held. In addition, in September 2024, the State Duma adopted in the first reading a bill equating donors with volunteers.^[1]

"Roselectronics" has developed a mobile point for the preparation and transportation of blood

Holding Roselectronics"" State Corporation Rostec on October 8, 2024 presented a sample mobile point of procurement, transportation and storage blood and its components. The key customer of the product is. FMBA of Russia More. here

Rosplazma buys medical modules to create donor centers for 0.5 billion rubles

In August 2024, the Russian Medical Research and Production Center Rosplazma, which is under the jurisdiction of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency (FMBA), announced a tender for the purchase of medical modules for the creation of donor plasma centers in Perm and Ivanovo. The total amount of the contract is ₽518,7 million. On September 13, 2024, the winner of the tender was determined. Read more here

Gut microbiota enzymes found to create universal donated blood

Researchers from the Technical University of Denmark and Lund University have discovered enzymes capable of removing sugar from red blood cells, which are used to create A and B antigens in the blood. This was announced on April 29, 2024 by the Technical University of Denmark. The results of the study were published in the journal Nature Microbiology.

We are close to producing universal blood from the blood of group B. Work is also underway to create universal blood from the blood of group A, "said Professor Maher Abu Hashem, head of the study.

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According to the press service of the university, the demand for donated blood in the world continues to grow. This is due to the age structure of the population (the proportion of the elderly population is increasing), as well as the fact that people are more likely to tolerate procedures associated with increased blood loss.

The successful conversion of blood groups A and B into a universal donor AB0 group can greatly simplify logistics and reduce the cost of storing four different blood groups. In addition, the creation of universal donated blood will increase the number of donors by reducing the amount of unusable blood, the shelf life of which is coming to an end.

Researchers at DTU and Lund University have discovered new ways to find enzymes that can remove both the A and B blood antigens and the sugars that block them. They discovered new enzyme mixtures of the bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila, which feeds by breaking down the mucus that covers the surface of the intestine. These enzymes are exceptionally effective because the complex sugars on the gut surface are chemically similar to those found on the surface of a blood cell.

The concept of using enzymes to produce universal donated blood was introduced more than 40 years ago. Enzymes with higher efficacy for the removal of A and B antigens have since been found, but the researchers are still unable to explain or cancel all immune responses associated with blood, and therefore these enzymes are still not used in clinical practice.^[2]

2023

1.4 million people became donors in Russia over the year

At the beginning of the summer of 2024, it became known that 1.4 million people became blood donors in Russia in 2023, which indicates a significant increase in the activity of citizens in the field of donation. This trend reflects a growing understanding of the importance of blood donation to the country's health care system.

Inna Kulikova, director of the department for organizing emergency medical care and health risk management of the Russian Ministry of Health, noted that in 2022-2023 the number of people participating in blood donation increased by 10%. Of particular importance is the increase in the number of permanent donors, which grew by 18% over the same period, exceeding a million people.

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The Federal Biomedical Agency (FMBA) has provided additional statistics, according to which more than 550 thousand donors are young people aged 18 to 35 years. Young donors are predominantly male, accounting for 61% of the total. Overall, the proportion of under-35s among all donors reached 58% in 2024.

Particular attention is paid to the development of bone marrow donation. FMBA plans to expand the federal register of bone marrow donors to 1 million people. Over the two years of operation, this register has already increased 2.7 times and in 2024 has 309.9 thousand people.

Olga Eichler, head of the organization of the FMBA blood service, stressed that more than 77% of the total number of donors donating blood and its components are regular. This indicates the formation of a sustainable culture of donation in the country.

In Russia, at the beginning of the summer of 2024, there is no shortage of blood or its components for medical organizations. This indicates the effectiveness of the donation system and the timely provision of medical institutions with the necessary blood components.^[3]

Growth of donor blood procurement in the Moscow region by 3.6 tons to 76 tons

The procurement of donated blood in the Moscow region in 2023 increased by 3.6 tons compared to 2022 and exceeded 76 tons. This was reported in the press service of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region on January 12, 2024.

They recalled that donor blood and its components are necessary for victims of road accidents, patients with severe blood loss and burns, injuries, patients with oncology and blood diseases, newborns with various pathologies. The main institution of the blood service in the Moscow region is the Moscow Regional Blood Center.

The procurement of donor blood in the Moscow region in 2023 increased by 3.6 tons

In the Moscow region, great attention is paid to the development of the donor movement, "says Maria Appalup, chief physician of the center. - We regularly carry out various outbound actions, including at large enterprises. You can also donate blood from us, in the Moscow Regional Blood Center, where donor reception is organized seven days a week. Thanks to this, annually we manage to increase the amount of blood harvested and its components. At the same time, most donations are made free of charge.

In 2023, residents of Voskresensk, Shchelkovo and Orekhovo-Zuevo completed the most donations. Moreover, their indicators exceeded the maximum level of development of blood donation and its components, announced by WHO. Dubna was also among the five leaders of the donor movement. Earlier, during the first action this year in the science city, it was possible to prepare over 47 liters of donated blood.

As noted in the Moscow Region Ministry of Health, every year there are more donors in the region and the amount of prepared blood and its components is increasing. In addition, in 95% of cases, these are gratuitous donations, the department emphasized.^[4]

Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova: 99% of donors in Russia donate blood free of charge

99% of donors in Russia donate blood free of charge. Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova cited such data on October 12, 2023 in her greeting to the participants, organizers and guests of the XV All-Russian Forum of the Blood Service.

Launched in 2008, a large-scale modernization program within the framework of the national project "Health," covered Blood Service institutions in all regions of the country, including large clinical centers of federal subordination, and made it possible to equip them with high-tech medical equipment. Thanks to this, the share of donors donating blood free of charge increased to 99%, and the volume of procurement of donor blood components by automatic methods increased from 15% to 30%, she said (quoted by the press service of the Cabinet of Ministers).

Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova

According to Golikova, by October 2023, modern technologies for hardware procurement of blood components, fractionation and freezing, laboratory screening were introduced in the work, 30 thousand units of medical equipment were delivered, including 61 mobile blood procurement complexes.

As the Deputy Prime Minister noted, an integrated approach to updating the material and technical base of the Blood Service, regulatory regulation of the donation sector made it possible to bring the work of the Blood Service to a qualitatively new level and fully meet the needs of the country, and this is about 4.5 thousand organizations, in blood components. Golikova added that in 2023 the share of unrelated transplants from Russian donors could grow to 75% from 72% in 2022.

According to the Federal Medical and Biological Agency (FMBA), by 2023, men in Russia donate blood more often (61% of the total number of donors) than women. In Russia, people with the second group often donate blood, then the first, third and closes the fourth group, the agency noted.^[5]

The first Russian filters for cleaning donated blood have been developed. They are 40% more efficient than analogues

The first fully Russian mobile filters for purifying donated blood have been developed and created at Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU). The key element of the filter is membranes. Passing blood through such mobile filters is an alternative way to clean it. Tomsk membranes operate 40% more efficiently than Japanese analogues, which are recognized as a standard in the field of cleaning, the press service of the university said at the end of August 2023. More TPU: Membranes for blood purification.

The first device for automatic treatment of whole donated blood for the purpose of platelet excretion has been released

On August 1, 2023, Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies (Terumo BCT) announced the release of the Revels system, a one-of-a-kind device in the world that is designed to automatically process whole donated blood to isolate platelets. Read more here.

Mishustin approved the creation of a unified system in the field of blood donation

At the end of May 2023, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin signed a decree approving the rules for maintaining a unified database of activities related to ensuring the safety of donated blood and its components, developing, organizing and promoting donation of blood and its components. Read more here.

2022

An increase in the volume of donation of donated blood by 20 thousand liters

At the end of 2022, the blood service of the Moscow Department of Health collected almost 240 thousand liters of whole donated blood, which is 20 thousand liters more than a year earlier. Such data are given on the official website of the capital's mayor in April 2023.

According to the published statistics, in 2022, almost 110 thousand people became donors in Moscow, every third of them donated blood for the first time. More and more caring Muscovites join the donor movement - in 10 years their number has tripled, and many citizens donate blood again, said Anastasia Rakova, Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Social Development. According to her, 512 citizens became the owners of the title "Honorary Donor of Moscow" in 2022 - these are people who donated blood in the medical organizations of the capital's Department of Health at least 20 times.

In 2022, almost 110 thousand people became donors in Moscow

According to the Moscow mayor's office, which are presented in April 2023, at least one transfusion of blood components is carried out every five minutes in the city health care system. A variety of patients need this: with bleeding, injuries, burns, during large planned reconstructive operations, women with complicated childbirth and even newborns. In addition, there are diseases, for example oncological or diseases of the blood system, in which donated blood and its components are required by patients constantly.

Any capable healthy citizen of Russia over 18 years old and weighing more than 50 kilograms can become a donor. Before the procedure, it is necessary to pass a blood test, which will determine whether a person has contraindications to donation.

In Moscow, in 2022, blood could be donated in 12 medical institutions. In addition, commercial enterprises could organize the departure of employees to blood points or spend donor days on their territory. In 2022, health workers conducted 456 visits to 245 organizations as part of the implementation of corporate donation.^[6]

Blood donation is useful as it removes eternal chemicals from the body

On April 11, 2022, the world's first clinical trial conducted in Australia found that regularly donating blood or plasma could reduce the level of toxic PFAS chemicals in the blood by 30%. This is the first study to identify an effective exposure that reduces the levels of substances called "perpetual chemicals."

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of industrial chemicals comprising more than 4,000 different specific compounds. PFAS can be found in a variety of household items, from carpets to non-stick utensils, but probably the most controversial is the use of PFAS in firefighting foams.

A clinical trial in Australia found that regularly donating blood or plasma could reduce the level of toxic PFAS chemicals in the blood by 30%.

Historically, fire workers are exposed to extremely high concentrations of PFAS. A growing number of studies have linked high levels of PFAS in the blood to various negative health effects, including, obesity malfunctions liver and thyroid and weakened immune functions.

Increasing awareness of the dangers of PFAS has led to much work being done to remove these chemicals from conventional products and decontaminate the environment. But until now, doctors have not had the opportunity to help those who have already been exposed to the so-called "eternal chemicals" due to the fact that they can remain in the human body for a very long time.

This study involved 285 Australian firefighters with elevated blood levels of PFAS, called perfluorooctane sulfonate. The participants were divided into three groups: giving plasma every six weeks for a year, donating blood every 12 weeks for a year, and the control group taking no action.

The results of the study showed that regular blood or plasma donation resulted in a significant decrease in the level of PFAS in the blood compared to the control group, lead author Robin Gasiorowski reported. Although both donor groups effectively reduced the level of PFAS concentration, plasma donation was more effective for the first group and resulted in a 30% reduction in the level.

While the study provides evidence that donation can directly reduce blood PFAS levels, the researchers did not examine whether this reduction leads to clinical health benefits. Because the long-term effects of PFAS exposure are still a source of study and discussion, researchers are calling for more research to understand these effects.

When asked what to do with donated blood, the researchers emphasize that elevated serum PFAS does not rule out blood donation, and so far there is no defined threshold for PFAS concentration at which donor blood would cease to be used.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances are ubiquitous, and no threshold level has been identified that poses an increased risk to recipients of donor blood components -- the researchers write. Our study does not inform this risk, but blood control authorities should continue to monitor data on the possible health effects of PFASs and consider the possible consequences of increased levels of PFASs in donor blood.

Mick Tisbury, a member of the Victoria Fire and Rescue Service, was part of the study. He said these findings offer the first active solution to the problem facing many firefighters around the world.

Firefighters often put the health and safety of others ahead of their own health, so it's nice that the results of this study can be used to improve the health of firefighters who have received high levels of PFAS as a result of vital community work, Tisbury said. The findings will benefit not only firefighters but also others working in high-risk industries exposed to PFAS chemicals.[7]

2021

Moscow purchased 170 devices for collecting donated blood

On December 24, 2021, the Moscow mayor's office announced the purchase of about 170 pieces of equipment for the procurement of donated blood. The technique was received by the O.K. Gavrilov Blood Center, the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, City Clinical Hospital No. 52 and eight other city hospitals.

Among the equipment supplied are automatic processors for fractionating blood doses. They are designed to automatically divide whole blood into several components: plasma, platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells. Such automated solutions received   by the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine make it possible to speed up the process of dividing blood into components by 1.5 times, said Anastasia Rakova, Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Social Development.

On December 24, 2021, the Moscow Mayor's Office announced the purchase of about 170 pieces of equipment for the preparation of donor blood

In addition, special cryobanks of long-term storage have appeared in the capital's medical institutions, with the help of which blood components can be stored for up to 10 years without losing their properties, as well as intraoperative reinfusion devices, which allow returning its own red blood cells to the patient right during the operation.

Donated blood is used during childbirth and operations with large blood loss, in the treatment of cancer and many other diseases in children and adults. In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, the blood plasma of those who have recovered has begun to be used for innovative methods of treating COVID-19. The need for donor blood components persists. In Moscow, people with any group and any Rh factor who want to become donors are ready to accept in the medical organizations of the Moscow Department of Health.

It is assumed that due to the new equipment in the Moscow departments of transfusiology, the strategic supply of blood components stored at ultra-low temperatures will increase without losing their properties for up to 10 years.^[8]

Moscow allocated 700 million rubles for the procurement of donor plasma for the treatment of COVID-19

Moscow has allocated about 696.3 million rubles for the procurement of donor plasma for the treatment of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. This was announced on September 28, 2021 by the press service of the mayor and the government of the capital following a meeting of the presidium of the city government. Read more here.

2020: Moscow begins to pay blood donors who have had coronavirus

On April 17, 2020, it became known about the introduction in Moscow of payments to blood plasma donors necessary for the treatment of those infected with a new type of coronavirus. Anastasia Rakova, Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Social Development, spoke about this.

For every 150 milliliters of plasma, they will be paid 1250 rubles, for 600 milliliters of plasma - five thousand rubles. This is reported by the official portal of the mayor and the government of Moscow.

According to her, according to the instructions of the mayor, a regulatory act will be adopted in the near future, establishing cash payments for plasma donors. She did not announce the amount of payments.

It became known about the introduction in Moscow of payments to blood plasma donors necessary for the treatment of those infected with a new type of coronavirus

Every day, 100-150 people are cured of the coronavirus. In total, in the city of people who have already coped with coronavirus, a little less than 1.5 thousand. This means that there are also potential plasma donors. I appeal to all these people: you were helped to cope with the infection, help and you are sick who are in hospitals, "Rakova said.

On April 17, 2020, a hotline on blood donation was launched in Moscow. She works daily from 9:00 to 19:00 by phone 8 (495) 870-45-16. It is specified that a blood plasma donor can be a person aged 18 to 55 years old who has had COVID-19 and does not have chronic diseases.

According to doctors, patients who were transfused with donor plasma have an improvement in their condition and the absence of side effects. This method is widely tested and used in the United States, Germany, China and other countries.

The blood of patients recovered from coronavirus contains antibodies to infection. The corresponding technology was approved for use by the Clinical Committee for Combating Coronavirus Infection.

On April 9, 2020, Rakova reported that the first blood plasma transfusion procedures of donors who recovered from coronavirus were held in Russia. At that time, 11 people who recovered from coronavirus became donors in Moscow. The transfusion was given to seven patients in the city's clinics.^[9]

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