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The main articles are:
Enteromix (cancer vaccine)
Main article: Enteromix (cancer vaccine)
FMBA: Colorectal cancer vaccine
Main article: FMBA: Colorectal cancer vaccine
Chronicle
2025
Development of a Russian vaccine against melanoma
The Russian mRNA vaccine against melanoma is ready for the beginning of experimental use in cancer patients. The first group of patients can receive an innovative drug from late September to mid-October 2025 as part of clinical trials. The development is carried out by the National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N.F. Gamalei under the leadership of the director of the center Alexander Gintsburg. This became known on August 7, 2025.
Gunzburg announced the readiness of the drug for experimental use during a meeting of the scientific and technical council of the Scientific and Technological Center for the Development of mRNA Technologies at Kazan Federal University. According to the developers' work plan, with its full implementation, the first batch of cancer patients with melanoma will begin to receive therapy in two months.
The director of the Gamaleya Center stressed that the mRNA vaccine technology, if successful, can be scaled up to treat other types of cancer. This approach opens up prospects for the creation of personalized anticancer drugs for various forms of cancer.
The vaccine software is currently tuned to cancer with high genetic variation. This category includes melanomas, small cell lung cancer and other malignancies with a large number of mutations in tumor cells.
Gunzburg noted the existence of a large number of cancers with fewer mutations. Such pathologies include pancreatic, prostate and certain forms of kidney cancer. To expand the spectrum of application of the technology, additional work is required to program the stages of presentation of neuroantigens to the immune system.[1]
Development of a vaccine that does not allow pancreatic and colorectal cancer to recur
Researchers have NHS England developed a vaccine that can prevent relapses pancreatic cancer and. colorectal cancer The drug has shown promise in clinical trials, training the body's immune system to recognize and destroy malignant cells. This was reported by British doctors on August 12, 2025.
According to The Guardian, the new vaccine differs from existing anti-cancer drugs, which usually adapt to specific tumors. The experimental drug is able to prevent recurrence of cancer by activating the body's own defense mechanisms. If the results of further studies are confirmed, the vaccine will become a cheaper and more affordable alternative to existing treatments.
The principle of operation of the developed drug is based on training the patient's immune system to identify cancer cells. The vaccine allows the body to independently track down and destroy malignant ones formations that may appear after surgery. This approach significantly reduces the risk of returning the disease and raises the long-term prospects for recovery.
Clinical trials were conducted in a long-term follow-up setting involving 25 patients suffering from two different types of cancer. The monitoring period was almost 20 months, which allowed the researchers to obtain reliable data on the effectiveness of the drug. The results showed a different degree of immune response in the participants in the experiment.
Oncologist Zev Weinberg noted that the study demonstrated a positive correlation between the strength of the immune response and the prognosis of the disease. According to him, a group of patients who have developed a pronounced immune response to the vaccine has a high probability that the cancer will not return. These patients may also live longer than expected in the standard prognosis.[2]
The Cylembio vaccine for advanced melanoma has been released. She prolongs life
In mid-August 2025, IO Biotech announced the release of the combination vaccine Cylembio for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Patients receiving such therapy show improved progression-free survival. Read more here.
Russian cancer vaccine will be free for patients
Free access to the new Russian mRNA vaccine for the treatment of cancer will be provided to patients - the corresponding decision was made at the state level. This was announced on June 18, 2025 by the director of the Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Alexander Gintsburg. According to him, production facilities for the production of the drug have already been identified, which will allow to establish large-scale production and ensure an even distribution of the vaccine among the country's medical institutions.
According to Interfax, within the framework of the state task of scientific development, the vaccine will be free for people. The Ministry of Health set the task for the developers to bring the cost of this service to the size of specialized medical care, which is included in the system of compulsory medical insurance.
Gunzburg noted that vaccination should fit into the framework of compulsory medical insurance, like heart bypass surgery - high-tech medical care. To do this, the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Industry and Trade plan to allocate funds so that all the components necessary to create a vaccine are produced in Russia.
The director of the center stressed that then it will be possible to keep prices at the level of compulsory health insurance. This will be done for the end consumer, for the patient, for free. Localization of the production of components will significantly reduce the cost of the drug.
According to Gunzburg, clinical trials of the vaccine will not be carried out. Under the legislation, a change to federal law 61, there is government regulation 213, which implies no clinical trials for personalized drugs.
Drugs obtained with personalized genetic data of a sick person do not require traditional clinical trials. Unlike the registration of the final product, which is not possible due to the personalized nature, the registration of the technology is carried out on a specific medical site.[3]
2024
First bacterial cancer vaccine created
On October 16, 2024, American researchers from Columbia University announced the development of the first bacterial vaccine to combat malignant formations. The tool, according to the authors of the work, can be personalized to attack the primary tumor and metastases of each particular patient and can even prevent future relapses. Read more here
Gamaleya Center: A vaccine against any cancer has been created in Russia
In Russia, the development of a vaccine on a universal technology for the therapy of all types of cancer has been completed. As noted on June 7, 2024, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, head of the Center named after Gamaleya Alexander Gintsburg, the vaccine has already successfully passed the first tests on mice with vaccinated melanoma.
 | A vaccine is being created that allows you to solve literally all the problems of oncology. For each cancer patient, the drug will be made individually, taking into account mutations in the cells of his tumor, "he explained. |  |
The development of a unique domestic technology is carried out jointly with two leading oncological centers of the country - the Oncology Institute named after Herzen and the National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after Blokhin with the participation of scientists from Sirius. As Gunzburg said, by biopsy of tumors, mutations specific for it will be determined, and then the design of the mRNA encoding "neoantigens" will be reconstructed. Such a vaccine introduced into the body will allow the immune system to develop protection against these mutant proteins.
According to him, now the process of creating an individual vaccine takes about a month, but scientists are working to significantly reduce this period. In experiments in mice, the therapeutic vaccine has already demonstrated high efficacy.
According to the academician, on the 15th day, scientists saw a large difference in tumor size between vaccinated and unvaccinated animals. As a result, the unvaccinated died between 19 and 22 days. And the vaccinated animals are still alive.
Work on the revolutionary project is being carried out on behalf of Russian President Vladimir Putin and with the financial support of the Ministry of Health. According to Gunzburg, it is planned to build a special module with an area of 500-600 square meters for the synthesis of drugs in GMP conditions, followed by transfer to the National Medical Research Center named after Herzen and Blokhin.[4]
FMBA head: Cancer vaccines will be used in one and a half to two years
Cancer vaccines developed by the Federal Biomedical Agency (FMBA) can be introduced into clinical practice in one and a half to two years. This was announced on June 5, 2024 by the head of the FMBA Veronika Skvortsova.
Skvortsova clarified that the agency's developments are aimed at creating vaccines against colorectal cancer, malignant melanomas and glioblasts. She stressed that Russian scientists are in step with the global scientific community, creating peptide, RNA, vector and cell vaccines. These drugs take into account the individual molecular features of each patient's tumor and help their immune system fight the tumor.
| | These vaccines will help the immune system of the patient himself fight the tumor. I think that in one and a half to two years, oncovaccins will already be able to find a wide clinical application, "Skvortsova said. | |
However, for the widespread use of these vaccines, it is necessary to amend Russian legislation, since these drugs are individual in nature. According to Skvortsova, the corresponding amendments proposed by the FMBA will enter into force in September 2024. These changes will allow the production and use of variable formulations that will be manufactured in the same institutions where patients are located.
Skvortsova emphasized the importance of these changes for the successful introduction of vaccines into clinical practice. She noted that new legislative measures will allow Russian medical institutions to accelerate the process of production and use of vaccines, which will be a significant step in the fight against cancer in the country.
The head of the agency is confident that the introduction of such vaccines will be a breakthrough in medicine, and stressed the importance of international cooperation in this area. According to her, Russian scientists are keeping pace with the global scientific community, actively developing innovative methods of treating cancer. The introduction of oncovaccine will significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment and improve the quality of life of patients suffering from cancer.[5]
2022: Moderna has created a vaccine against skin cancer. It reduces the risk of death or recurrence of the disease by 44%
In mid-December 2022, Moderna announced the preliminary results of the second phase of clinical trials of the RNA vaccine against melanoma. A study with one and a half hundred sick volunteers shows that the new drug increases the chances of curing aggressive skin cancer by almost 50%. Merck also participated in the creation of the vaccine. Read more here.
2021: Vaccine against any cancer based on tumor DNA successfully passed the first phase of trials
In mid-April 2021, it became known that the vaccine against any cancer based on tumor DNA successfully passed the first phase of testing. The personalized cancer vaccine developed by the company Mount Sinai did not cause safety concerns and demonstrated beneficial effects in patients with a variety of cancers, including and lung cancer bladder that have a high risk of recurrence. More. here
Notes
- ↑ Gunzburg told when patients can start receiving a vaccine against cancer
- ↑ Off-the-shelf vaccine shows promise in preventing cancers returning, study finds
- ↑ Russian cancer mRNA vaccine will be free for patients
- ↑ Beating cancer? Academician Gunzburg tells about the revolutionary vaccine
- ↑ Skvortsova believes that FMBA vaccines against cancer can begin to be used in one and a half to two years
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