Cardiovascular diseases

Main article: Human heart

Causes of heart disease

2024: Salt consumption in Russia is twice as high as the critical level. It causes heart disease

The level of salt consumption in Russia is twice the critical figure of 5 grams per day. This was announced on May 21, 2024 by Kommersant with reference to Rosstat data.

The level of salt consumption by Russians continues to grow. In 2013, salt consumption in Russia was 10.36 grams per day. A 2018 repeat study found that salt intake levels rose to 11.35 grams per day.

The level of salt consumption in Russia is twice the critical indicator

However, the authors of the study noted that Rosstat data do not take into account the amount of salt that people add to already prepared dishes immediately before consumption. At the same time, the habit of "annoying" is widespread among Russians - 40.5% of people add salt to ready-made dishes. According to scientists, in the Russian population the prevalence of excess salt consumption is 49.3%. Among men, this figure is 53%, and among women - 47%. The main sources of excess salt in the diet of Russians, according to the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FIC Nutrition and Biotechnology," are meat products (35% of cases), bread products, dairy and fish products, as well as vegetable and fruit canned food.

Due to the excessive consumption of salt in the world, WHO recommends introducing mandatory restrictions on the salt content in finished foods, including dishes that are sold in public places. According to WHO experts, there is a direct link between excessive salt intake and the development of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Excessive salt intake can lead to increased pressure, and this in turn can cause cardiovascular disease. Street food and convenience foods are often the source of 'excess' salt. Reducing salt consumption by 25% by 2030 would save 900 thousand lives, according to scientists.

10 thousand people die from cardiovascular diseases every day, men die 2.5 times more often than women.^[1]

2022: Extreme air temperatures increase cardiovascular deaths

In mid-December 2022, it became known that climate change increases the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases. Extreme temperatures can be extremely dangerous for people with coronary disease, heart failure and arrhythmia, as well as those who have had a stroke, scientists at the University of Maryland in the United States said. Read more here.

Diagnosing Heart Disease

• Diagnosing Heart Disease

Heart disease

Coronary heart disease

• Coronary heart disease

Mortality from heart disease

2025: How one woman helps break the nation's records for saving hearts

In 2024 Russia , she did what she had not been able to do for decades: according to the Deputy Director General of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "NMITSK named after E.I. Chazova" Ministry of Health of Russia Nana Pogosova, mortality from the cardiovascular diseases end of 2024 she fell to a record 450 cases per 100,000 - this is population the lowest figure in the last 30 years. We talked with someone who changed the cardiology system from the inside for years. This is a researcher Valeria Pridachina - a cardiologist and organizer. health care More. here

2023

Mortality from heart disease in Russia for the year decreased by 2.1% to 814.4 thousand people

In 2023, 814.4 thousand deaths associated with diseases of the circulatory system were recorded in Russia. For comparison, a year earlier, the indicator reached 831.6 thousand. Thus, the number of deaths due to this reason decreased by about 2.1%. The corresponding data are contained in the materials of Rosstat, which TAdviser got acquainted with in early March 2026.

It is noted that the number of deaths from coronary heart disease in the Russian Federation on an annualized basis decreased from 451 thousand to 435.7 thousand. The number of deaths from myocardial infarction decreased from 50.2 thousand in 2022 to 47.2 thousand in 2023. Approximately 246.5 thousand people died due to cerebrovascular diseases against 248.9 in 2022.

Mortality from heart disease in Russia decreased by 2.1% over the year

The number of deaths from diseases of the circulatory system in terms of 100 thousand people in 2023 amounted to 556.7 cases. For comparison, a year earlier this value was at around 566.8 cases. The mortality rate from coronary heart disease on an annualized basis fell from 307.4 to 297.9 cases per 100 thousand residents of the Russian Federation, and mortality from myocardial infarction decreased from 34.2 to 32.3 cases. In the field of cerebrovascular diseases, the value decreased from 169.7 to 168.5 cases.

In 2024, 8.08 million Russians suffered from coronary heart disease. For comparison, a year earlier this figure was 7.89 million. The number of patients with angina on an annualized basis rose from 2.68 million to 2.74 million, and with acute myocardial infarction, on the contrary, decreased from 170.6 thousand to 170.1 thousand.

For the first time in life, coronary heart disease in 2024 was diagnosed in 1.02 million Russians against 985.5 thousand a year earlier. Angina was found in 371.3 thousand people, while in 2023 it was diagnosed in 351.4 thousand patients.^[2]

Reduction of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system to a minimum in 30 years - 450 cases per 100 thousand population

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to lead among all causes of mortality in the country. More than 800 thousand people die from circulatory diseases in Russia every year, 54.2% of them are patients with coronary heart disease.

Since 2019, the country has been implementing the federal project "Combating Cardiovascular Diseases." During its implementation, new vascular centers were created and existing ones were re-equipped, professional personnel were formed, and programs of preferential drug provision were developed. by 2023, all patients who have undergone acute coronary syndromes, myocardial infarction, bypass surgery and other acute conditions for two years receive free drugs that allow them to fully live and remain able to work. The list of preferential drugs includes truly innovative drugs, the effect of which reduces the number of hospitalizations and deaths from CVD.

"In 2023, the country achieved the lowest death rate from circulatory system diseases in the last 30 years, with 450 cases per 100,000 population. Such record indicators were largely achieved thanks to the Federal Project, - said Nana Pogosova, Deputy General Director of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "NMICK named after Ak. E.I. Chazov" of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

According to Nana Pogosova, in Russia, half of patients who have suffered serious cardiovascular events, for example, myocardial infarction or myocardial revascularization interventions, refuse therapy a year later. There are several reasons for this: many patients get tired of the need to take a large number of drugs, some of the patients do not fall under preferential drug provision and are not able to purchase drugs at their own expense, and some face side effects, but do not convey this information to the doctor.

All this increases the risk of repeated heart attacks and strokes within three years after the event. Every fifth patient with CVD suffers complications within three years after a coronary catastrophe, of which 40% are repeated myocardial infarction, 20% are brain stroke, another 40% die a sudden death.

"The task of increasing adherence to treatment is one of the most important in the field of cardiology. This problem needs to be paid more attention and this problem can be solved only in the case of comprehensive work of healthcare organizers, doctors and patients themselves, "said Nana Pogosova.

2022

Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation: The number of deaths from heart disease in Russia decreased by 10%

Russia In 2022, the number of deaths from heart disease decreased by 10%. The minister reported this health care Mikhail Murashko to the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin on April 7, 2023.

For cardiovascular diseases - COVID-19, unfortunately, gave an increase, since the infection itself gave, among other things, thrombophilic complications, thrombosis caused. COVID has declined, we, firstly, have learned to treat and prevent it, and the situation today compared to 2019 is ten percent lower than the mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases. But here is a set of events, - said Murashko (quoted by the Kremlin website).

The highest figure - more than a thousand deaths from diseases of the circulatory system (BSK) per 100 thousand people - in Russia was recorded in the late 1980s - early 1990s. In perestroika, as noted by "Лента.ру," there was a difficult time, men were especially injured. Gradually, mortality began to decline, and in 2019 reached 573 deaths per 100 thousand people.

It is impossible to say that heart disease is getting younger, because the population is aging and as it ages, the average age of patients with cardiovascular diseases also increases. Nevertheless, hypertension is getting younger, now 60-70 percent of the population over the age of 40 are hypertensive. And the average age of patients with myocardial infarction is 63 years, "Roman Shakhnovich, a leading researcher at the Department of Emergency Cardiology, professor of the Department of Cardiology at the Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, told the publication.

According to him, the most common heart diagnosis in Russia is arterial hypertension. In 2022, 48 million Russians had this disease.^[3]

Mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in Russia decreased by 11.1%

Mortality from diseases of the circulatory system Russia in 2022 amounted to 570.6 cases per 100 thousand population, which is 11.1% less than a year ago, as well as below the indicator of pre-pandemic (coronavirus pandemic COVID-19) 2019 (573.2 cases per 100 thousand population), this is evidenced by data Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation that were published in mid-March 2023.

The department noted a decrease in mortality from diseases associated with high blood pressure (by 15.5% compared to 2019), from strokes (by 9%) and myocardial infarction (by 8.8%).

According to the chief freelance cardiologist of the department, Sergei Boytsov, in 2021, due to the high incidence of COVID-19, an increased burden was observed on the health care system, but the measures taken in 2022 to combat cardiovascular diseases made it possible to achieve an improvement in a number of indicators.

The cardiologist listed measures aimed at increasing the availability of medical care in the "cardiology" profile. This is equipping medical organizations, updating the material and technical base, improving the organization of medical care.

In 2022, more than 6.4 thousand units of medical equipment were commissioned, including 92 units of "heavy" equipment. More than 824 thousand high-risk patients who are on dispensary observation after the past cardiovascular event received free drugs.

All this, according to Boytsov, made it possible to achieve an increase of 53.3% in the coverage of medical services for patients with diseases of the circulatory system, which are under medical supervision, by 34.6% - the number of X-ray endovascular interventions; a 24.4% reduction in hospital mortality from myocardial infarction and 18% reduction in hospital mortality from acute cerebrovascular accident.^[4]

2020:900 thousand residents of Russia died due to cardiovascular diseases

Due to cardiovascular diseases, more than 900 thousand residents of Russia died in 2020, and in the world the death rate from them reached 17.5 million people. Such data were released in April 2023.

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death in Russia - they accounted for 47% of all deaths in 2020. The main factors in the development of such diseases include:

• high blood pressure,
• a steady increase in blood sugar,
• increased blood cholesterol,
• excessive salt consumption,
• overweight and obesity,
• lack of physical activity,
• age over 65 for women and over 55 for men,
• concomitant disorders, e.g. diabetes mellitus,
• hereditary predisposition to heart and vascular diseases.

Cardiologist, chief specialist in therapy of the Volga District Medical Center, Doctor of Medical Sciences Igor Fomin, in a conversation with the publication "Лента.ру," noted that by 2020 about 40% of the adult population of the Russian Federation suffered from hypertension. At the same time, in the group of people 40-60 years old, 55% have increased pressure. And among those over 60, 80% are already sick with hypertension. The expert also noted the prevalence of chronic heart failure among 7% of residents of the Russian Federation.

If we come to some city with a population of 200,000 people, then 14,000 of them will have heart failure, with 4,000 in severe shape and, unfortunately, 4,200 patients will die over the next four and a half years, Fomin said in October 2020.

According to him, the dynamics of mild heart failure in recent years from 7% increased to 8.6%, and severe increased from 2.1% to 3.1%. But severe patients in Russia are 30-40% more than in Europe, the cardiologist said.^[5]

History

2024

Global Market Size for Structural Heart Disease Products Reaches $14.65 Billion for the Year

At the end of 2025, the cost of the global market for products for the treatment of structural heart diseases is estimated at $14.65 billion. More than a third of this amount fell on the North American region. Such data are provided in a Fortune Business Insights study, the results of which were published on December 23, 2025.

Structural heart diseases are conditions that affect the shape, walls, valves or chambers of the heart, disrupting its normal operation. These may be congenital abnormalities or acquired defects associated with aging, infections and diseases. Patients with similar ailments often require various surgical interventions, including transcatheter aortic valve replacement, angioplasty, and stenting.

Over the past year, the global market for devices for the therapy of cardiac structural pathologies amounted to $14.65 billion

One of the main drivers of the market, the authors of the study name the increase in the prevalence of chronic heart disease. According to estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, from which about 20 million people died in 2022. Against this background, the demand for implants for the treatment of structural heart diseases is increasing.

Another stimulating factor is the aging of the population. WHO predicts that the number of people aged 60 and over will increase from 1 billion people in 2020 to 1.4 billion in 2030 and 2.1 billion in 2050. It is also expected that from 2015 to 2050 the share of the world population aged more than 60 years will rise from 12% to 22%. Older citizens are more susceptible to CVD. So, according to data published by the journal Nature in 2024, approximately 5% of adults over 65 in the United States suffer from aortic stenosis: the treatment of this ailment requires prosthetic valve.

Technological advances are also driving the industry's expansion. Complex designs and the use of biocompatible materials in production lead to an increase in the cost of products, and therefore to an increase in market volume in monetary terms.

On the other hand, a number of deterrents stand out. Among them are a shortage of highly qualified specialists and a significant cost of procedures. In addition, health facilities in developing and poor regions may experience a lack of necessary equipment, such as imaging systems. Meanwhile, more than three-quarters of CVD deaths are in low- and middle-income countries.

Depending on the type of pathology, analysts segment the market into heart valve disease, congenital heart disease and other ailments. In 2025, the lion's share of revenue was provided by the first direction - 75.5%. From a geographical point of view, North America leads, which accounted for 36.5% of expenses, or $5.35 billion. This is followed by Europe with $5.1 billion, and the Asia-Pacific region closes the top three with $3.11 billion. Latin America's contribution is estimated at $0.63 billion. The rest of the spending was provided by the countries of the Middle East and Africa. Significant industry players on a global scale are:

• Medtronic;
• Boston Scientific;
• Abbott;
• Edwards Lifesciences;
• Genesis MedTech;
• Artivion;
• Teleflex Incorporated;
• Corcym Group;
• LivaNova;
• JenaValve.

In 2026, the global market for products for the treatment of structural heart diseases is expected to reach $15.59 billion. Fortune Business Insights analysts believe that in the future, the CAGR will be 7.2%. Thus, by 2034, spending may increase to about $27.16 billion.^[6]

Opening in Russia in 2019-2024 653 vascular centers - this helped reduce mortality from heart attack by 25%

Within the framework of the national project "Healthcare" from 2019 to 2024, 653 vascular centers were created in the regions of Russia. This was announced on December 10, 2025 by Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova during an event dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the National Medical Research Center of Cardiology.

According to the Ministry of Health, hospital mortality from myocardial infarction has decreased by more than 25%. There was also a decrease in mortality from acute cerebral circulation disorders by almost 18%. According to the Minister of Health Mikhail Murashko, diseases of the circulatory system remain the main cause of death in the country, but in 2023-2025. a historical minimum in mortality from this group of diseases has been reached.

In 2019-2024 653 vascular centers were opened in Russia. This helped reduce heart attack deaths by 25%

Positive changes were the result of a large-scale modernization of the cardiac service. Vascular centers built in the regions are equipped with almost 29 thousand units of new equipment. 150 centers, according to Golikova, were organized with the direct participation and support of the Academician Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology.

Mikhail Murashko previously pointed out that the set of measures included not only technical re-equipment, but also improving the logistics of patients. Clear rules for routing patients with cardiovascular diseases were approved, which accelerates the provision of care.

Drug therapy has become a separate area. According to Murashko, since 2020 there has been a program of free provision of patients from high-risk groups, which has been used by more than 2.5 million people in five years. Murashko also pointed to the expansion of the list of vital cardiovascular drugs by 371 names, with over 80% of them produced in Russia.^{[7][8][9][10]}

Sales of drugs for the treatment of heart diseases in Russia have been declining for 3 years in a row. Best-selling drugs

The Russian retail market for drugs for the treatment of heart diseases has shown a decrease in physical sales for the third year in a row, despite an increase in prices for drugs. The Latvian Mildronat remains the leader in sales with a market share of 30.6%, followed by Panangin and Validol. This became known on September 23, 2025.

According to RNC Pharma, in January-August 2025, more than 42 million packages of heart drugs worth ₽9,1 billion were sold, which corresponds to an increase of ₽18,7% with a decrease in natural consumption by 3%. Negative dynamics of natural sales has been observed for three years in a row. In 2024, the decline was 3% compared to 2023, and in 2023 sales fell by 4.5% compared to 2022. For the entire 2024, Russians purchased over 64.9 million packages of such funds for a total of ₽11,8 billion.

Sales of drugs for the treatment of heart diseases in Russia have been decreasing for the third year in a row

A significant increase in the cost of drugs was a key factor in the increase in ruble revenue with falling demand. The average price of one conditional package increased from ₽148 in 2022 to ₽216 in January-August 2025. For eight months of this year, this figure increased by 22.4% compared to the same period in 2024.

The most affordable are traditional Russian-made drugs. The minimum average price is marked on Validol - about ₽30 per package. Hawthorn Tincture rose 50% in the year to ₽55, reflecting a general trend of rising drug prices.

The top 10 best-selling drugs for the treatment of heart disease by value for January-August 2025 includes:

• Mildronat (Grindex) - market share 30.6%, growth 17%;
• Panangin (Gideon Richter) - 15.8%, an increase of 15%;
• "Validol" (including with glucose) - 12.1%, growth 10%;
• Asparkam - 10.8%, an increase of 15%;
• Meldonium - 7.7%, growth 28%;
• Hawthorn Tincture - 3.5%, up 34%;
• Riboxin - 3.0%, growth 22%;
• Neoton (Alfasigma) - 3.0%, growth 32%;
• "Ranexa" ("Menarini") - 2.8%, an increase of 36%;
• Brainmax (Promomed) - 2.6%, an increase of 66%.^[11]

R-Pharm for the treatment of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis is included in the VED list

The Commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation has expanded the list of vital and essential drugs (VED). It included a drug for pathogenetic therapy of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis in patients over 18 years old - [[[P-Pharm: Artserix (goflycept), previously RPH-104 (interleukin-1 inhibitor)|Artserix (goflycept).]] This was announced by R-Farm on November 7, 2024. Read more here.

The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation has assigned orphan status to a domestic drug for the treatment of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis

The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation has assigned Artserix (goflycept) the status of an orphan drug for the treatment of idiopathic recurrent pericarditis (IRD) in patients 18 years of age and older. This was announced by R-Farm on November 5, 2024. Read more here.

The number of new medical devices for cardiovascular diseases is growing in Russia

At the end of 2023, 206 new medical devices for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases were registered in Russia, which demonstrates a significant development of domestic production in this direction. This became known in October 2024. Among them are 36 pacemakers and 24 stents, as well as 56 names of generic drugs for the treatment of cardiological pathologies. Read more here.

World's first imaging system to assess coronary vessels before and after surgery released

At the end of October 2024, the American company Gentuity introduced the HF-OCT imaging system with the Vis-Rx microcatheter, which is used both before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). According to the developers, it is the only intravascular imaging platform in the world specifically designed to assess the condition of coronary vessels before and after intervention. Read more here.

The world's first stent for the treatment of narrowed vessels in children has been released. He grows up with a child

In late August 2024, Renata Medical unveiled the first-of-its-kind growing Minima stent designed to correct vascular malformations in newborns, infants and young children. These stents are supposed to grow with the children, eliminating the need for severe repeat surgeries. Read more here

2023

Becton Dickinson Launches Ultrasound Scanner for Accurate Catheter Placement in Vascular Operations

On November 30, 2023, Becton Dickinson introduced an advanced SiteRite 9 ultrasound system designed to accurately install catheters during vascular operations. The complex helps to increase the efficiency and safety of medical procedures. Read more here.

A method for growing artificial blood vessels from natural tissues has been developed

On August 1, 2023, Australian researchers from the University of Melbourne reported on the development of a fast, inexpensive and scalable method for forming blood vessels from natural tissues. The technology is expected to help save the lives of a huge number of patients around the world. Read more here.

Russia has created an ultrasound device for the treatment of pulmonary embolism, which is one of the three most common causes of death from CVD

In early August 2023, Sechenov University announced the creation of a device for therapy for pulmonary embolism (PE), which, as emphasized in the university, is one of the three most common causes of death from cardiovascular diseases. Read more here.

Radiation therapy in children dramatically increases the risk of diseases of the cardiovascular system

In late June 2023, researchers at the Emory Institute demonstrated for the first time that using the same dose of radiation therapy on substructures hearts as a uniform dose on all heart in children with cancer increases the risk of developing complications on the heart in the future. More. here

There was a system for restoring blood flow in the leg without open surgical operations

In mid-June 2023, Endologix launched the Detour system for the treatment of long, complex superficial femoral-positive lesions. Read more here.

The number of violations in the provision of medical care to "cores" in Russia over the year increased by a third

In 2022, 370 thousand violations were recorded in Russia in the provision of medical care to patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which is a third more than a year earlier. This was reported in mid-May 2023 by the All-Russian Union of Insurers (ARIA). Read more here.

Notes