Main article: Russia
Population
Crimean Tatars
Main article: Crimean Tatars
Constitution
Main article: Constitution of Crimea
Government
Main article: Government of the Republic of Crimea (Council of Ministers)
Economy
2023: The volume of investments in the Crimean economy for the year grew by 17% to ₽271,3 billion
In mid-August 2024, it became known about a significant increase in investment in the Crimean economy. At the end of 2023, this figure increased by 17% compared to 2022 and reached ₽271,3 billion.
This was announced by Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Marat Khusnullin. The positive dynamics of investment activity in Crimea is associated with a set of state support measures. Khusnullin noted that of the total investment, about ₽180 billion were private investments.
Since 2014, more than ₽1,7 trillion investments in fixed assets, including ₽1 trillion extra-budgetary funds, have been attracted to the Crimean economy. During this period, investment per capita increased by more than 12 times.
One of the key factors contributing to attracting investment was the special legal regime of the free economic zone of Crimea and. Sevastopol According to the head, as Ministry of Construction of Russia Ireka Fayzullina of August 2024, 1499 participants in the free economic zone were registered on the territory of the republic and the city of federal significance, having concluded 1644 agreements on the conditions of activity.
Since the beginning of the functioning of the free economic zone, more than 106 thousand jobs have been created and 6289 real estate objects have been commissioned. The efficiency of the zone is confirmed by the fact that for each ruble of the benefits provided there are ₽3,82 investments.
The success of Crimea in creating a favorable investment climate is reflected in the National Rating of the State of the Investment Climate. At the end of 2023, the republic became one of the leaders for the first time, taking 5th place among all regions of Russia. The integral index of Crimea increased by almost 9.5 points, which demonstrates significant progress compared to the 84th place that the region occupied in 2016.[1]
2022: More than 115 billion rubles invested in the Crimean economy in 8 years
Crimea Since 2014, 115 billion have been invested in the economy. rubles Telegram The head of the republic, Sergei Aksenov, wrote about this in mid-November 2022 in his channel.
According to him, the declared volume of investments in the Crimean economy over 8 years exceeded 348 billion rubles. In 2022, 41 new investment agreements were concluded for a total amount of more than 140 billion rubles, Aksenov said.
He also noted the continued development of the free economic zone on the peninsula, 1248 residents of which are implementing 1317 investment projects with a minimum declared investment volume of about 160 billion rubles. The most attractive industries for investors are construction, agriculture, resorts and tourism, the head of Crimea added.
Earlier, Russian President Vladimir Putin said that the volume of private investment in Crimea in 2022-2025. should exceed 1 trillion rubles. Such an ambitious task will require coordination of the actions of the authorities at all levels.
 | It is necessary to work in dialogue and close contact with the business community, to be most attentive to the proposals received from entrepreneurs, the head of state emphasized. |  |
Investments in Crimea remain a risky business, and without significant economic growth, entrepreneurs are unlikely to come to the region themselves, believes Igor Nikolaev, director of the Institute for Strategic Analysis of FBK Grant Thornton.
| | Naturally, if they make an offer that cannot be refused, they will come. But let's be honest, they themselves do not feel a huge desire to invest. 1 trillion rubles. - this is a lot of money. But in fact, there are still other regions of the country that would also like to be equipped. In general, 1 trillion rubles. - This is theoretically possible, but it is almost still very difficult even with our approaches to stimulating business to invest somewhere, "he told Kommersant[2] | |
Banks
Main article: Banks in Crimea
Transport
2024
In Russia, they begin to build the Rostov-on-Don-Dzhankoy road for 400 billion rubles
In September 2024, work began on the construction of a new highway that will connect Rostov-on-Don with the Crimean city of Dzhanka. The implementation of the project is estimated at between ₽350 and ₽400 billion. This large-scale infrastructure project is aimed at improving the transport accessibility of Crimea and new regions of Russia. Go in detail.
In Crimea, began to create a smart transport system for 4 billion rubles
In Crimea, the creation of a large-scale project to create an intelligent transport system has begun, for which investments in the amount of ₽4 billion are envisaged. This was announced at the end of August 2024 by Sergey Biletsky, Senior Vice President and Director of the Corporate Business Department of the RNKB.
According to TASS, the project is aimed at installing and putting into operation automatic systems for controlling violations of traffic rules on the roads of the peninsula. This initiative is being implemented within the framework of the national project "Safe and High-Quality Roads," which provides not only the modernization of road infrastructure, but also the introduction of modern technologies to improve road safety.
Sergei Biletsky noted that support for state initiatives aimed at developing the region's infrastructure is one of the priorities of the RNKB. In 2024, within the framework of the aforementioned national project, 50 transport infrastructure facilities will be repaired in Crimea. The introduction of an intelligent transport system, he said, will be an important step towards ensuring the safety of all road users and effective traffic management in the settlements of the region.
LLC "Safe Roads of Crimea" is actively engaged in the development and implementation of intelligent systems for controlling transport infrastructure. As part of one of the projects, the company entered into a concession agreement with the Ministry of Transport of the region for the installation and operation of automatic traffic violation control systems. This project is part of an overall strategy to improve the transport system of the peninsula.
The creation of an intelligent transport system in Crimea involves the integration of advanced technologies for monitoring and traffic management. It is expected that this system will significantly reduce the number of traffic violations, improve road safety and improve traffic management, which is especially important in the context of the growth of the car fleet and traffic intensity on the peninsula.[3]
A new high-speed highway worth 48 billion rubles was opened in Crimea
In the Republic of Crimea, the construction of a new high-speed highway Simferopol - Evpatoria - Mirny has been completed. The final section of the road, worth more than ₽48 billion, was officially commissioned ahead of schedule in August 2024. The opening of the road allows you to significantly reduce travel time and improve transport links between the cities of the peninsula. Read more here
Industry
Health care
Main article: Healthcare in Crimea
Education
Colleges and organizations of DPO
Tourism
2023: The Ministry of Economic Development allocates 2.7 billion rubles to support the tourism industry
The Ministry of Economic Development sends 2.7 billion rubles to support the tourism industry of Crimea. The head of the department, Maxim Reshetnikov, announced this at a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin in early May 2023.
| | Now we have received almost 4 billion rubles from the sale of assets of foreign residents through the Ministry of Economic Development. On your instructions, we will send part of this money, namely 2.7 billion rubles, to support the Crimean tourist business in order to compensate for the decrease in tourist flow. This is what we have now, - said Reshetnikov. | |
According to him, in 2023, twice as much was allocated to support tourism as in 2022 - 13 billion rubles, which were sent to 64 regions of the country.
In mid-March, at a meeting by Vladimir Putin, Reshetnikov said that the tourist flow to Crimea in 2022 relative to 2021 sank by a third. The minister then proposed 10%, which foreign companies pay when leaving Russian assets to the budget of the Russian Federation through the ministry (in particular, from tourism, leasing companies), to send to support the tourism industry of Crimea and Sevastopol. The President supported this initiative and instructed to provide such support to tourist organizations of the peninsula.
According to Kommersant in early May 2023, the decrease in demand for vacations in Crimea is due to logistical difficulties: the airport in Simferopol has been closed for more than a year, travel by car across the Crimean bridge is difficult, and there are not enough trains. Against this background, rest in Sochi has risen in price by 30%. The Russian government will allocate almost 170 million rubles for the development of tourism in the Krasnodar Territory, the newspaper points out.
According to Reshetnikov, despite the general increase in prices for accommodation in the summer of 2023, the cost of hotels in Crimea is lower than in 2022 - "primarily due to transport restrictions."[4]
Digitalization
2024: Results and plans of digitalization of the construction industry in the region
The head of the Republic of Crimea Sergey Aksyonov on November 7, 2024 announced the progress of the introduction of the information project management system (IPMS) in the construction industry of the region, which allows you to create a unified database of objects from the design stage to commissioning.
According to the press service of the head of the Republic of Crimea, digitalization of the construction sector helps to reduce the cost of capital construction projects and increases the effectiveness of monitoring the quality and timing of work.
| | This involves the creation of a single database of objects, from the design stage to commissioning. In fact, a digital vertical is being created - a format that significantly accelerates the procedure for receiving and transferring documentation, signing certificates of work performed, - said Sergey Aksyonov. | |
The Ministry of Construction and Architecture of the Republic of Crimea began the implementation of the ISUP in 2023. The system registered 338 objects with a construction period from 2024 to 2026. The digital platform ensures transparency of the construction cycle processes, reduces bureaucratic costs and increases the level of personal responsibility of participants.
The plans of the Crimean government include the integration of the ISUP with the systems of state construction supervision, urban planning and state expertise. Such a merger will create a comprehensive digital ecosystem for managing construction projects in the region.
From January 1, 2024, a mandatory requirement was introduced to maintain as-built documentation in electronic format when concluding contracts for the construction or reconstruction of capital construction facilities. This innovation is part of the overall strategy to digitalize the industry.
The introduction of digital technologies in the construction sector of Crimea is aimed at optimizing work processes, improving the quality of construction and ensuring effective control over the implementation of projects on time.[5]
2023: How the digital transformation of Crimea is going. Results of 10 years
At the end of 2023, the share of households in the Republic of Crimea that have the possibility of high-quality high-speed broadband Internet access, including using satellite and mobile communications, reached 88.8%. For comparison, in 2020 this figure was 81.6%, and in 2015 - 70.6%. Such data are given in the materials of the regional Ministry of Economic Development, published in early July 2024.
In Crimea, an active digital transformation of state and municipal administration, economy and social sphere is being carried out. The share of providing mass socially significant state and municipal services in electronic form is 100%. The "digital maturity" of state and municipal administration, key sectors of the economy and social sphere, including health care and education, as of 2023 is at the level of 72.4%. By 2030, this value is planned to be increased to 100%.
It is noted that over 10 years since the formation of the Republic of Crimea in March 2014, a large amount of work has been carried out as part of digitalization. In particular, various information systems have been developed and are functioning:
· Portal of the Government of the Republic of Crimea;
· Internet reception of the government portal;
· Unified postal system of executive bodies;
· Portal of state and municipal services;
· Active citizen;
· Regional system of interdepartmental electronic interaction;
· Automated information system "Earth 2.0";
· Unified video conferencing system ;
· Legal portal of the executive bodies of the Republic of Crimea.
A fiber-optic communication line (FOCL) running along the bottom of the Kerch Strait has been put into operation. In addition, the fiber optic line was laid at the Novocherkasskaya GRES - Kafa section. The construction of the Kafa-Simferopol VOLS section with a length of 160 km has been completed. The total capacity of communication channels existing for 2024 exceeds 1 Tbit/s. Mobile operators Vivacell-MTS (Win Mobile), KTK Telecom LLC (Volna brand), CrimeaTelecom JSC and Miranda media LLC operate a total of about 4,300 base stations.
It is said that 85 different services are available on the Unified Portal of State and Municipal Services of the Republic of Crimea. For 2024, approximately 92.9% of the region's residents have the opportunity to receive public services in electronic form.
The development program of the Republic of Crimea until 2036 provides for an increase in the level of information protection; expanding mechanisms for interactive interaction with the population and the business community and promoting the introduction of information technologies; providing 99% of households with high-quality high-speed broadband Internet access; provision of public services in electronic form and as proactively as possible; reduction of time for provision of state and municipal services; increasing the level of satisfaction of citizens with the quality of service provision up to 90%.
Within the framework of the priority direction "Digital Transformation of State and Municipal Administration, Economy and Social Sphere," it is planned to use modern technologies: among them cloud services, new production solutions, robotics, the Internet of Things, virtual (augmented) reality, etc. By 2036, the share of the use of Russian software in state bodies, corporations, companies and business companies, in the authorized capital of which the participation of the Russian Federation in the aggregate exceeds 50%, as well as in their affiliated legal entities, is planned to be increased to 99%.[6]
Communication
Main article: Communication in Crimea
Extremism
History
Main article: History of Russia
2024: Assets of Ukrainian businessmen worth more than 2.1 billion rubles sold in Crimea
On June 10, 2024, Chairman of the State Council of Crimea Vladimir Konstantinov said that since the beginning of 2023, the republic's budget has received more than 2.1 billion rubles from the sale of nationalized assets of Ukrainian businessmen. This amount includes the sale of property for 1.7 billion rubles in 2023 and for more than 416 million rubles in 2024.
According to Konstantinov, the assets sold are highly profitable objects that are of great interest to investors. He noted that the inventory of all nationalized objects and the preparation of investment packages for their further implementation continues. Konstantinov expressed hope for significant revenues for the Crimean budget from the sale of the remaining assets by the end of 2024.
Earlier, the Crimean parliament adopted a law allowing the property of citizens and organizations from unfriendly foreign states to be recognized as property of the republic. The law covers land plots and movable and immovable property owned by the owners on February 24, 2022. At the end of October 2022, the head of Crimea, Sergei Aksenov, instructed to nationalize enterprises related to the political leadership of Ukraine.
Among the nationalized objects were the enterprises of famous Ukrainian businessmen, such as Rinat Akhmetov and Igor Kolomoisky, former Prime Minister of Ukraine Arseniy Yatsenyuk, deputy Nestor Shufrich, as well as Lithuanian businessman Kolas Igor. The list also includes the Kamysh-Burunsky iron ore plant, the assets of 12 Ukrainian banks and a refrigeration plant in Krasnoperekopsk.
According to Konstantinov, the demand for nationalized assets remains high, which confirms the success of the auctions. He stressed that all proceeds will be used to equip participants in a special military operation.[7]
2023
Hackers revealed the data of tankers attacking the Crimean bridge
RaHDit hackers ("Evil Russian Hackers") published the routes of ships from which drones could be launched to strike the Crimean bridge. This was reported on July 20, 2023 by RIA Novosti.
The hacker group found out that two tankers - Beks Loyal and Khudayar Yusifzade, which fly under the flags of the Marshall Islands and Liberia, respectively, could have been involved in the sea drone dumping operation.
It is clarified that one ship drifted 100 km from Novorossiysk a few days before the attack, and the second tanker drifted south. Beks Loyal and Khudayar Yusifzade then met at sea. Hackers claim that at that moment, unsecured boats were transferred from one tanker to another, which struck the Crimean bridge.
According to the Marine Traffic website, by July 20, 2023, the Beks Loyal tanker is on a raid near the port of the Romanian city of Constanta, and the Khudayar Yusifzade is moored in the port of Elefsis in Greece.
The Beks Loyal tanker has nothing to do with the attack on the Crimean bridge, the owner of Beks Tanker Management A. S. said in response to hacker data published by RIA Novosti that the ship was near the site of the attack and could participate in it.
| | We were deeply upset by this news, it is far from reality. Our ship was about 100 miles from the area during this attack, "Efe Tunaly, director of the company's operations department, told RBC. | |
The attack on the Crimean bridge was carried out on the night of July 17, 2023. Two people died. The Investigative Committee of Russia opened a case of a terrorist attack. Moscow accused Kyiv of what happened. about the data of the National Anti-Terrorist Committee, surface unmanned aerial vehicles participated in the attack on the Crimean bridge. Their stamp was not named. Ukraine is armed with the Mikola-1 and Mikola-2 drones.
| | They are five-meter vessels, very outwardly resemble jet skis. The same pointed shape. They can go at high speed, somewhere up to 100 km/h, - told RBC veteran of the special forces "Alpha," reserve lieutenant colonel Andrei Popov.[8] | |
Damage to the Crimean bridge by the explosion of a guided boat of Ukraine
After the night attack on July 17, 2023, personnel with damaged supports of the Crimean bridge appeared on the Web. Judging by the photo and video materials, the explosion really occurred under the bridge, which is why the structure was thrown onto the supports.
However, there is no complete destruction, which will significantly reduce the repair time. This indirectly confirms that a keyless boat was used to strike.
Mi-28 helicopter crash. Two pilots died
On May 12, 2023, the Russian Ministry of Defense reported that a Mi-28 combat helicopter crashed in the Dzhankoy district of the Republic of Crimea near the village of Svetloye.
According to preliminary data, the reason was the failure of equipment. The board performed a planned flight without ammunition, there is no destruction on the ground. Unfortunately, both crew members died in the crash.
1981: Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU Leonid Brezhnev in Crimea
1980: Druzhba sanatorium in Yalta
1978: CPSU Secretary General Leonid Brezhnev inspects the novelty of the Zaporizhzhya automobile plant in Yalta
1974: Cable car in Yaltai
1973: Evening embankment in Yalta
1938
1905: Manor "Swallow's Nest"
1900: Manor House "Swallow's Nest"
1897
1886
1866
1855: Crimean War
1820: Pushkin's trip to Crimea with the family of General N.N. Rayevsky
A.S. Pushkin was allowed to travel to the Caucasus and Crimea with the family of General N.N. Rayevsky. Pushkin made friends with his son Nikolai while studying in Tsarskoye Selo.
In Crimea, with the Raevsky, Pushkin visited Kerch, Feodosia, Gurzuf, Simferopol, Balaklava and the ruins of the St. George Monastery.
The image of Crimea was part of Pushkin's dream of happiness. He once wrote: "Amid my grim regrets, I am seduced and enlivened by the mere thought that someday I will have a piece of land in the Crimea."
For more information on Pushkin's trip to Crimea, see Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich.
1475: Seizure of Crimea by Turks upsets Ivan the Young's wedding to Mangup prince's daughter
Ivan III, after marrying the niece of the last Byzantine emperor Sophia Paleolog (1472), tried to strengthen the connection of the Rurikovich with the relatives of his second wife and marry his son from the first marriage of Ivan the Young to the daughter of the Mangup prince (principality of Theodoro in Crimea).
Negotiations in 1474 were successful, but the ambassadors of Ivan III who soon arrived in Crimea were no longer able to carry out the mission assigned to them, since in 1475 the capital of the principality, among many other Crimean cities, was besieged by the Turks who came to the peninsula.
The siege of Mangupta lasted six months. According to legend, Muscovites were among his defenders. After the fall of the capital, the principality, which fell under the rule of the Turks, quickly fell into disrepair.
1395: The Military Campaigns of Edigey
1389: As part of the Golden Horde
964
115g
30 g BC.
300 BC: Scythians, Taurians, Kingdom of Bosporus
530 BC: Chersonesos and Panticapaeus
640 BC: Scythians and Panticapaeus
Notes
- ↑ Marat Khusnullin: More than 1.7 trillion rubles of investments have been attracted to the economy of the Republic of Crimea since 2014
- ↑ Aksenov told how much money investors invested in Crimea
- ↑ RNKB allocated funds for the creation of an intelligent transport system in Crimea
- ↑ The Ministry of Economic Development will send 2.7 billion rubles to support the tourism industry of Crimea
- ↑ Sergey Aksyonov: Ministry of Construction and Architecture continues to implement project management information system
- ↑ Draft program for the development of the Republic of Crimea until 2036
- ↑ In Crimea, sold the assets of Ukrainian businessmen for more than 2.1 billion rubles
- ↑ Details of tankers from which the Crimean bridge could attack are disclosed
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