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2024/03/12 17:02:51

Economy of Estonia

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Content

The main articles are:

GDP

2023

3% drop in GDP to €37.7 billion

At the end GDP Estonia of 2023, it amounted to approximately €37.7 billion, which is 3% less than in the previous year. This was announced on March 1, 2024 by the Department of Statistics of the country.

It is noted that throughout 2023, a large-scale economic recession was observed in Estonia. The greatest negative effect was recorded in the information and communication segments. In addition, there was a noticeable decline in power, manufacturing, professional, scientific and technical activities, as well as transport and warehousing. The Department of Statistics emphasizes that there has been no such large-scale economic downturn in Estonia since the bubble in the real estate market burst during the global financial crisis of 2007-2008.

Tallinn, Estonia

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Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, the situation was better than in 2023. The reason for the weak real results was the rapid rise in prices, which affected all segments of the economy, says Robert Müürsepp, head of the national accounts group of the Estonian Statistics Department.
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In 2023, the country recorded a slight increase (within 0.5%) in such areas as wholesale and retail trade, real estate operations, agriculture, forestry and fishing, public administration and defense, education and mining.

Household spending on goods fell 3.1% in 2023 from the previous year. Service costs remained at approximately the level of 2022, showing an increase of 0.3%. Public sector consumption increased 0.9% year-on-year. The report also notes that 2023 was a difficult year in terms of investments: their volume decreased by about 3.4% compared to the previous year.[1]

Seven consecutive quarters of GDP contraction due to conflict with Russia

By November 2023, the Estonian economy is unsuccessfully trying to get out of the longest recession in the EU: the fall in trade with the Northern Region and the energy shock caused by the conflict in Ukraine are affected. In Q3, GDP per 1.3%, the seventh consecutive quarter of decline.

2022: Industry's share of GDP - less than 15%

Data for 2022

2021: Agriculture's share of GDP - less than 4%

Data for 2021

Financial system

National debt

2023: State debt - 17% of GDP

Data for September 2023

2017: State debt - 9% of GDP

The ratio of public debt to the country's GDP, 2017

Central Bank of Estonia

2022: First loss in history €157 million

The Central Bank of Estonia in 2022 suffered a loss of €157 million from investments in securities.

For the first time, the annual return on the regulator's investments turned out to be negative. Most of the portfolio consisted of bonds, whose rates suffered due to a sharp increase in base rates.

Among the assets of the Estonian Central Bank -, and US government bonds Australia. In Britain 2022, securities Canada issued to fund support were purchased. Ukraine

Key rate

Central Bank Interest Rates in Europe, July 2020

Inflation

2022

Inflation in November - 22.5%
Data for November 2022
Slowdown in consumer price growth in October to 22.4%

The consumer price indicator showed that price growth in October 2022 slowed down to 21.8% in Latvia, 22% in Lithuania and 22.4% in Estonia.

Inflation in August - 25.2%

Annual inflation in the eurozone in August 2022 accelerated to a record 9.1%. The highest price growth was noted in Estonia (25.2%), Latvia (21.4%) and Lithuania (21.1%).

Inflation in July - 22.8%
Inflation in Europe in July 2022.
UK data - for June, inflation in July - 10.1%
Inflation growth in May to 20.1%

Annual inflation in Estonia in May 2022 increased to 20.1%.

Cryptocurrencies in Estonia

Largest companies

2020

2018

Largest companies in Estonia 2018

Foreign trade

2023

Continued trade with Russia through Central Asian countries

Export dynamics to China

Chinese imports from the Baltic States

2022: China trade deficit

Energy carriers

2020: Energy supplies to Russia

Зависимость ряда the European countries from Russian gas, data for 2019 and 2020

2018: High price of petrol

Map of gasoline prices in countries of the world as of February 12, 2018

Power

2023: Government contributions to pay for energy by citizens and companies reached 2% of GDP

State donations of European countries to pay for energy by citizens and companies from 2021 to January 2023, caused by the refusal of energy purchases from Russia

2022

Record decline in gas consumption due to the rise in its price

Total gas consumption for all YeS-27 countries in the first eleven months of 2022 decreased by 11% compared to the level of 2019-2021. The leaders in the decline in gas demand are Finland (minus 53% in January-November) and the Baltic countries (Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia), which reduced consumption by 27-30%, and by November reached a demand compression of half of the average level 2019-2021.

Rise in electricity prices due to pressure on Russia

Динамика роста цен на electric power from August 1, 2021 to August 1, 2022 in countries Europe

2021: Coal is the country's main energy source

2020: Average energy consumption per capita

and
Energy consumption per capita, including electricity, transport heating in 2019-2020

Tourism

2022: Ban for Russians to enter the country and pay utility bills

Since August 18, 2022, Estonia has banned entry to Russian citizens with a Schengen visa issued in Estonia, the purpose of which is tourism, business, sports or culture. The ban also includes Russians who own real estate in Estonia. Local banks have stopped accepting payments from Russia, and citizens of the Russian Federation cannot pay utility bills. The decision was made on the wave of Russophobia in Europe after the start of Russia's military special operation in Ukraine in February 2022.

2019: How much Estonia is dependent on tourism:% of the industry in GDP

Which countries are most dependent on tourism,% of the industry in GDP, 2019

2019: More than 45% of the population went on tourist trips. Russia is the most popular country

Data for 2019

2018

Tourism revenues

Central European tourism revenues, 2018
Data for 2018

Number of foreign tourists

As of 2018

R&D

2020: R&D costs - $545m

R&D expenses as of 2020

Labour market

2022: Proportion of workers aged 65 or over - above 15%

Data for 2022

Salaries

2023: Minimum wage - $704

Minimum wage in countries of the world for January 2023

2018: Salaries of top officials in government management

Salaries of the first persons in the management of the state in Europe, data at the end of 2018

2017: Average monthly salary

Average monthly salary in Europe and Kazakhstan. Data for 2017

Unemployment

2023: Youth unemployment - 15.6%

2022: Unemployment rate - 5.7%

Безработица в countries EU and Britain for July 2022

2020: Unemployment rate - 7.8%

Countries around the world in terms of unemployment in 2020

Agriculture

2019: Low use of pesticides in agriculture

As of 2019

Consumption

Cars in Estonia

Main article: Cars in Estonia

Meat

2023: Pork is the most consumed type of meat

The most consumed type of meat (including fish and seafood) according to data available for June 2023.

2019: Pork is the most consumed type of meat

The most consumed type of meat at the end of 2019

Beer

2019: Beer consumption in litres per year per person

Потребление beer per capita, data from early 2019
Годовое потребление beer per capita population in liters with a 5% strength in 2019

Milk

2018: Milk consumption in litres per year per person

Milk consumption in liters per year per person. Data at the end of 2018

Alcohol market

2018: Minimum age to purchase alcoholic beverages

Data for 2018

Food industry

2021: Cheese production - 35.3kg per capita

Data for 2021