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2024
Masoud Pezeshkian elected president of Iran
In July 2024, Masood Pezeshkian, a 69-year-old cardiac surgeon, won the presidential election. Iran
Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi and his delegation died in a helicopter crash
On May 19, 2024, Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi and his delegation were killed in a helicopter crash while flying domestically.
Together with Raisi, Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir Abdollahiyan, East Azerbaijan Province Head Malik Rahmati and Tabriz Imam Mohammed Ali al-Hashem were in the helicopter.
2023
Saudi Arabia offers Iran investment in exchange for peace in Israel
In November 2023 Saudi Arabia , she made a To Iran proposal to expand cooperation and invest in its sanctions-hit USA economy if the Islamic Republic does not allow its allies to transfer the war between Israel HAMAS and into a larger conflict.
U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Barbara Leaf said Washington is working with Saudi Arabia and other Arab allies to prevent Tehran from "using weapons" in the conflict to strengthen its resistance axis, which covers armed groups from Lebanon and Palestinian territories to Iraq, Syria and Yemen.
US returns $6 billion to Iran for releasing arrested Americans
On August 10, 2023, it became known that five Americans imprisoned in Iran were transferred to house arrest. This is the first step in the agreement between the United States and Iran, which includes providing Tehran with access to previously frozen oil revenues worth approximately $6 billion. Read more here.
Western pressure: 4,000 sanctions against Iran
2022
Joining the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Iran Parliament by a majority vote approved the bill on the accession of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) the Islamic republic to. This became known on November 27, 2022.
By, information MEDIA 205 parliamentarians voted for the bill, three opposed and four more abstained.
 | If the SCO approves any new document in the near future, the Mejlis will also have to consider and approve it, the agencies quote Amui. |  |
In September 2022, Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi signed a memorandum of obligations to join the SCO as a full member, after which he sent the bill for consideration to the country's parliament. [1].
SEZ "Technopolice Moscow" agreed on cooperation with the technopark of Iran
In November 2022, the special economic zone (SEZ) "Technopolice Moscow" agreed on cooperation with the Iranian technology park Petroleum Industry Innotech Park. A solemn ceremony with the participation of the Deputy Minister of Oil of Iran and representatives of the Iranian Embassy in Russia was held at the Pechatniki site. Read more here.
IS terrorist attack in Iza in the Iranian province of Khuzestan. 6 people died
On November 16, 2022, at 19.00 local time in the city of Ize in the province of Khuzestan, during regular protests against the authorities at the Khalal Ahmar intersection, unknown persons fired at a crowd of machine guns on two motorcycles.
As a result, at least six were killed, including an eight-year-old child, injuries of varying severity were received from 15 to 20 people, including representatives of law enforcement agencies. Some of the victims are in critical condition.
The shooters immediately left the scene. At the same time, several young people threw Molotov cocktails at the Isa Theological Seminary and set fire to three cars. There are no victims.
A couple of hours later, Islamic State militants (the so-called Vilayat Khorasan) claimed responsibility for the attack.
10 people died in clashes with police during the longest rallies in the history of the country
Mass demonstrations resumed in Iran on November 3, 2022 in the suburb of Tehran - Karaj on the 40th day after the death of another girl, Hadis Najafi, who died in clashes with the security forces.
On November 3, thousands of people took to the streets of many Iranian cities. Protesters shouted anti-government slogans including "Death of Khamenei" and "Death of Raisi," provoking security forces into conflict.
People used Molotov cocktails and threw stones at police posts and cars. During a skirmish with police, protesters set fire to several pieces of equipment. Law enforcement agencies used tear gas.
On November 4, after Friday prayers, protests broke out in the province of Sistan and Balochistan. The rebels, ignoring the calls of the police, tried to storm the administrative and police buildings. Security forces opened fire on demonstrators in the city of Khash. Over 10 people died, many were injured.
Sunni cleric Abdul Hamid has called for a referendum in Iran overseen by foreign observers to "meet the demands of the people."
On the same day, anti-American demonstrations took place throughout Iran on the anniversary of the seizure of the US embassy in 1979. More than 100 thousand people in more than 100 cities and settlements opposed American domination in the world and in support of the current government.
On November 5, rallies were held in a dozen cities in Iran. The rebels acted according to an already worked out scheme, trying to provoke law enforcement officers to use weapons.
The anti-Iranian media actively use disinformation for their own purposes, talking about the "atrocities" of the security forces and covering up the chaos created by the rebels by their actions. The main task is to demonize the authorities in the face of the whole world.
These riots are the longest in Iranian history, the reason for which was a slight tightening of social norms. After some liberalization of society during Rouhani's time, Raisi's conservative policies were greeted with hostility by ordinary people.
The lack of relaxation and unwillingness to make concessions in the actual absence of a forceful suppression of protests (neither the army nor the IRGC are still involved) show the indecision of the leadership. This is exactly what the opposition uses, urging the people not to be afraid and to go against the authorities.
IS attack at Shiraz mosque
October 26, 2022 at 17.45 local time in the mosque "Shahcherag" in the city of Shiraz in the province of Fars in Iran there was a terrorist attack. A man armed with a Kalashnikov assault rifle began shooting at citizens who came to namaz.
More than 15 people were killed and over 40 were injured of varying severity. The shooter himself was wounded and detained during a shootout with the police. He is currently in hospital.
According to media reports, there were three attackers, and two of them were detained. However, representatives of the Shiraz administration during the interview reported one extremist.
Islamic State militants (the so-called Vilayat Khorasan) claimed responsibility for the attack. The city administration said that the militant who fired was not an Iranian by nationality, but an Afghan, and his name was Hamid Badakhshan.
At the same time, the deputy governor of Fars province for security, Ismail Mohebipur, said that the attacker had arrived from Bahrain.
The tragic event comes amid ongoing protests across the country over the death of Kurdish girl Mahsa Amini.
Some Iranian citizens and public figures opposed to Ayatollah Khamenei accuse the authorities of weakness, and in some cases even of deliberately orchestrating a terrorist attack to distract people.
The internal political crisis in Iran has been going on for 40 days, and there are no prerequisites for its completion yet. The use of this situation by terrorists to destabilize the situation in the country was a matter of time, the Rybar telegram channel noted.
Iran unveils satellite tug from one orbit to another
On October 4, 2022, it became known about the launch of a space tug by Iran, which is capable of moving cargo and space satellites with different characteristics between orbits. Read more here.
Protests over the beating of a girl by the police and her death
On September 18, 2022, anti-government protests of the population began in Iran in various cities of the country, mainly in Iranian Kurdistan, due to the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini after her detention by the police of morals.
Mahsa Amini was detained by security forces in Tehran for wearing an improperly worn hijab, which is mandatory for all women in Iran. Some time after her arrest, she was taken to the Tehran hospital "Kasra" in intensive care, where she subsequently died.
According to pro-government media, the girl suffered from epilepsy and other diseases, and because of this she suddenly died. However, her relatives denied this information. They stated that the death was the result of the beating by the police.
Demonstrations broke out in Seckese, Divander, Dehgolan and the Iranian Kurdistan city of Senendeje immediately after the funeral on Saturday. According to opposition media, more than 30 people were injured in clashes with security forces.
On Sunday, protests by civilians took place in Gohardasht district in Keredja, Reshta, Isfahan, Mahabad and Tehran. In the Iranian capital, students from Tehran University took to rallies with anti-government posters.
Many women tore off their hijab and defiantly cut off their own hair or headscarves. In addition, protesters began attacking women with hijabs and headscarves on their heads. Basij forces were involved in ensuring order.
By September 21, peaceful strikes in some cities had turned into riots: protesters burned Iranian flags, threw stones at police officers, beat and used Molotov cocktails. In Resht, demonstrators attempted to storm government buildings.
Opponents of the current government instantly took advantage of the discontent of the population to incite an internal political crisis. The Iranian leadership announced the participation in the riots of members of extremist organizations, including Kurdish separatists and supporters of the Mujahideen Organization of the Iranian People.
Albania breaks diplomatic ties with Iran
On September 7, 2022, the government of Albania, Edi Rama, accused Iran of organizing a cyber attack on Albanian state services and ordered all employees of the Iranian diplomatic mission to leave the country within 24 hours. On September 8, searches of the anti-terrorist unit of the Albanian special services were carried out in the empty embassy building.
Earlier on July 15, the servers of several state-owned enterprises in Albania were disabled, and there was a massive data leak. According to employees of the information security agency, this happened as a result of a "synchronized criminal attack from abroad." And on September 8, the Albanian authorities publicly accused Iran of both organizing a hacker attack and financing various groups that became its perpetrators. And they announced the breakdown of all ties with the Islamic Republic.
This is the first time in history that an alleged cyber attack entailed such decisive measures. In Tehran, they have already been called "a rash and short-sighted step in the international arena." However, the attack on the Albanian public sector apparently became only a reason. Relations between the two countries have been difficult for a long time - tension has previously spilled into diplomatic scandals.
For example, in 2018, Albanian authorities accused Iran of trying to organize a terrorist attack during the Israel-Albania football match as part of the qualifying round for the World Cup. Evidence was never provided, but two Iranian diplomats, including the ambassador, were then expelled from the country.
What is the reason for the tension? Ten years ago, under pressure > [US]], Albanians agreed to shelter members of the opposition Mojaheddin-e Khalq (MEK) movement, which was recognized as terrorist in Iran. In the United States, it was also added to the list of terrorist organizations in 1997, but was excluded from it in 2012. And since then they have been used as another tool to destabilize Iran.
Now the headquarters of MEK is located in the Albanian capital - the so-called "Tirana Camp." More than two thousand militants live on its territory, who boast close ties to other radical groups in the region. They receive support and funding from Saudi Arabia and the Americans. For example, in May 2022, during a visit to the camp, the intention to continue to maintain the "legitimate power" of Iran was expressed by former US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. In addition, according to available information, MEK cooperates with the Israeli special services. Albanians have already stated that the goal of the Iranian cyber attack could be to pressure the authorities to achieve the cancellation of the Free Iran conference, which is held annually by MEK in Tirana.
Will the Albanian economy suffer from severing diplomatic ties with Iran to please its Western backers? Hardly, experts say the telegram channel "Rybar." Import and export volumes have been rapidly declining over the past five years. Unlike the neighboring one, Serbia with which Iran increased by as much as 115% in 2021 alone.
Arrest of deputy British ambassador and other foreigners by IRGC officers
On July 6, 2022, Iranian state media reported the detention of several foreign citizens, including British Deputy Ambassador Gils Whittaker, on suspicion of espionage.
According to Iranian media, a British diplomat collected soil samples in the area of the IRGC aerospace base in the Deshte Lut desert, 60 km east of Kerman, during an ongoing exercise at the facility.
Members of the IRGC counterintelligence unit also arrested four citizens Poland led by Nikolai Copernicus University professor Maciej Valcek while trying to export samples of land from the same desert.
After studying the materials, the special services found that the detainees were also in the Deshte Lut desert during Iranian exercises at the training ground. The filmed photo and video materials were sent through the WhatsApp messenger to a certain Patricia, with whom Valchek had a conversation in Polish.
Another detainee on suspicion of espionage was the husband of the Austrian cultural attache in Tehran, Ronald Geish. According to the IRGC, he also collected soil samples in the area of an Iranian military facility while walking with children.
Islamic Republic officials said the detainees were collecting classified information about nuclear and missile programs on the instructions of the British authorities. The data was to be used to fabricate new accusations against the Iranian leadership during negotiations on the nuclear deal.
However, it is still unclear when the above persons were detained or what will happen to them. At the same time, the British Foreign Ministry rejected all statements by the IRGC regarding the arrest of a high-ranking official.
Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Iran for Human Rights Kazem Gharib-Abadi accused the British government of promoting anti-Iranian policies, including consultations with the IAEA.
Iran rocked by massive protests fueled from abroad
In early May 2022, mass demonstrations broke out in Iran over the cessation of subsidies for essential goods, which led to a sharp increase in prices for them.
In the country, over 50% of the population lives below the poverty line due to the economic crisis due to sanctions imposed on Iran. Price increases have weighed heavily on the financial capacity of more than 45 million people, resulting in protests against government policies.
Chronology of events:
- President Ibrahim Raisi has removed subsidies for a range of goods, including essential products. This caused prices to rise by 300%, and for some positions - up to 500%.
- On May 6, the initially declared demonstrations against economic reforms in Susengerd and Ize in Khuzestan province, thanks to the LOMs of the left-wing radical group Organization of the Mujahideen of the Iranian People (OMIN), quickly escalated into large-scale actions of disobedience.
- Almost instantly, protests broke out in Dizful, Hoveiz, Endimeshka and Ahvaz.
- On May 11, Burujard and Dorud in the province of Loristan, Junkan and Farsan in the province of Chekharmehal-i-Bakhtiaria, Yasuj and Dehdest in the province of Kohgiluye-i-Boyerahmed added to the above cities
- On May 12, rallies of various activities were held in Tabriz, Hamedan, Isfahan, Tehran, Shehr Kord, Ardebil, Resht and Iranshahr.
Despite the fact that the Iranian government began to carry out reforms to stabilize the situation, the protesters logically had new more serious demands - the overthrow of the Khamenei regime.
English-language resource @ BellumActaNews clarifies that during the demonstrations, people demand the return of the son of the last Iranian Shah Reza Pahlavi. Moreover, Pahlavi himself actively fuels the public, calling for an active struggle against the "Islamic regime."
Due to cases of vandalism and attacks on state facilities using Molotov cocktails, law enforcement forces and the Basij paramilitary militia were put on alert. In particularly tense regions, the Internet is disconnected.
Much of the protests have engulfed the southwestern part of Iran, rich in oil and gas fields. Blocking the activities of any industrial facility threatens serious economic problems for the country, which will provoke an even greater crisis.
On social media, opponents of Ayatollah Khamenei around the world, including the leader of the Organization of Mujahideen of the Iranian People, Maryam Rajavi, urge the United States to pay attention to the "suffering of the Iranian people." A timely parallel is being drawn with Ukraine and the US reaction to Russia's special operation.
White House press secretary Ned Price only published a post on May 16 supporting the Iranians "struggle for their freedom and said that they" have every right to do so. " However, there was no further statement or condemnation of the actions of the Iranian authorities.
To Israel calls to the American authorities will allow information to put pressure on the administration of US President Biden against the background of rumors about the imminent conclusion of an agreement on a nuclear deal. The Israeli side is not interested in lifting sanctions on Tehran, so it is taking all possible measures to prevent this.
In addition, Iranian demonstrations - with skillful use and emphasis on the "blindness" of the current authorities - can cause even greater discord between Democrats and Republicans. For the Israeli lobby ahead of the fall congressional elections, this is a real gift, as it promises an electoral majority and sets the stage for presidential elections.
In the United States, against the background of severe social and economic crises before the demonstrations in Iran, no one cares. And such demonstrations have been going on regularly over the past years.
A possible deal on the nuclear issue will give the West some advantage in the economic confrontation with the Russian Federation. Iranian hydrocarbons in theory can replace Russian energy resources in the European market. But the public condemnation of the current Iranian authorities will completely cross out the agreements reached. So it turns out that the protests in Iran of the United States are even unprofitable.
Due to the increased risk of armed confrontation with Israel, the Shahid Rudaki naval base of the Iranian Navy arrived in the Red Sea. It houses reconnaissance and strike UAVs, as well as ballistic missile launchers capable of hitting targets in Israel.
Israel, in turn, will conduct large-scale exercises from May 29 to June 29, during which the war with Iran will be simulated.
At the same time, the @ CIG_Telegram channel draws attention to the fact that part of the exercises related to the processing of the scenario of hostilities with Hezbollah was canceled, so as not to annoy the Arabic-speaking population and concentrate on Iran.
On May 22, a senior officer of the Quds special forces of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps was killed. According to the official version of the investigation, the murder was committed by members of a terrorist organization supervised by Israeli intelligence Mossad. Telegram channel @ BellumActaNews reported that the Israelis consider the murdered person responsible for planning special operations against Israeli citizens around the world. The Iranian leadership said the event was a red-line crossing followed by "imminent retaliation." Against the background of this threat, the Israeli authorities ordered to transfer all foreign embassies to a terrorist threat regime.
Between May 30 and June 4, protests took place in various cities in Iran. At the same time, in early June, the scope decreased:
- May 30 in Abadan, Merivan, Shiraz, Tehran, Bushir, Kazerun, Iza, Shadegan, Zawar, Kermanshah, Shahinshahr, Semnan and Minu Island.
- May 31 in Senendeja, Zenjan, Endimeshka, Fuladshahr, Mahshahr, Shahriar, Shahr-e Rey, Kish Island.
- June 1 in Tabriz, Resht, Keredzha, Ilam and Pordenjan.
- June 3 in Abyek and Urmia.
- On June 4 and 5, rallies were held "in support of the Iranian people" against the current regime in various cities of the world, including Bucharest, Washington Vancouver,,. Oslo San Francisco
The Republican Party of the United States continues to score points using the Iranian case. Fox News Agency accuses President Biden's administration of inaction on the Iranian people.
Fox News observers claim the double standards of the ruling Democrats and their desire to conclude a treaty with "terrorists" in order to save their failed policies.
At the same time, ex-US President Donald Trump supported the Iranian people, saying that he "fought for their freedom" from the very beginning. At the same time, he again reproached Biden, noting that under him this would not have happened in power.
Members of the Mujahideen Organization of the Iranian People (OMIN) threaten Iran's spiritual leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei with a repeat of the fate of Saddam Hussein and Muammar Gaddafi, who were killed in coups.
London-based Iran International also accuses the West of deliberate silence, while accusing only the American authorities.
Members of the Iranian diaspora in the United States, Britain and Germany at the end of May carried out an unprecedented visit to Israel as part of the Shoshana mission. The goal is to create an alliance between the two peoples in the fight against the "regime."
The main focus is on the need to change power in Iran through pressure from abroad. At the same time, an agreement was reached on the active coverage of the protests by the Israeli media.
On June 4, Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi appeared on several television channels. He stated that the struggle for the freedom of the Iranian people begins.
In addition, he called on all Iranians abroad to translate everything that happens in Iran into the national languages of the countries where they are and cover Iranian events.
The situation in Iran is gaining momentum. Despite the fact that the number of demonstrations decreased in comparison with May, activity in the information field increased.
The "written off" Iranian oppositionists have secured support from the Republicans and the Israelis are rocking Iran, acting from abroad.
The British media unequivocally accuse Biden of inaction. At the same time, there is no mention that the British authorities also did nothing specific for the Iranian people.
2020
The hanging of opposition journalist Ruhollu Zama in Iran
In December 2020 Iran , opposition journalist Ruhollah Zam, convicted of collaborating with foreign intelligence, was executed.
The deputy was hanged on the morning of December 12. Four days earlier, the Supreme Court refused to commute his sentence and review the case.
Zam was one of the most famous opposition activists in Iran and the creator of the Amad News telegram channel, where dirt was published on senior officials of the country. The channel also actively covered the protests in Iran that took place in 2017.
A court in Iran found Zam guilty of anti-government activities and cooperation with intelligence agencies of the United States, France and Israel. According to the Iranian authorities, in his posts, the journalist deliberately incited readers to participate in the riots.
Zam lived for several years in France, where he received political asylum. In 2019, he was kidnapped by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and taken to Iran. Presumably, the abduction took place in Iraq, where Zama was lured into an offer to take an exclusive interview with one of the local activists[2].
Attack on US air bases in Iraq
Testimony from a Danish sergeant named John about how Iran bombed the American base of Ain al-Assad. The sergeant, along with other Danes, was sent from Iraq to Kuwait after the bombing. It is noteworthy that according to the testimony of the Danish sergeant at the base, several helicopters were destroyed, which the Pentagon kept silent about.
Along with several other soldiers, a Danish sergeant named John waited for several hours in a bunker in anticipation of an Iranian attack on the Ain al-Assad military base. The government was alerted six hours before the missile strikes on military bases. Correspondent Rasmus Tantoldt interviewed him in Kuwait after most of the 133 soldiers who were at the base were evacuated. Six hours before Iran sent missiles to two military bases in Iraq, the Danish government and the Defense Forces knew of the attack. John and other soldiers were notified of the attack hours before it happened and they waited hours in the attack bunker. Nevertheless, the first blow came as a surprise. 9 missiles with a capacity of a ton each hit. It was indescribable. I've never experienced anything like this and I hope I never experience it again. It was a brutal attack. The attack was so strong that the bunker was shaking and a lot of dust came inside. We had to sit with scarves on our faces to breathe, John says. Worst of all was the ignorance and impotence of Danish soldiers in the face of waiting for more strikes. We didn't know where or when the next rocket would fall. We could just sit and wait. We couldn't do what we were prepared for. We could just wait, John says. Danish soldiers reacted in different ways. Some sat there telling jokes to protect themselves. Some cuddled up to each other and some cried, says the Danish sergeant. After the attack, the soldiers were surprised that there was no more destruction. I would consider the nearest rocket hit 300 feet away and when we walked afterwards there were helicopters ripped in half and holes so big you could park a van in them. Psychologists are now travelling to Kuwait to help Danish soldiers recover from the terrifying experience. We really need them. It was a situation we weren't prepared for, John says.
2019
Breaking the US-led nuclear deal and tightening UN sanctions
In 2018-2019 There was a rupture of the nuclear deal at the initiative of the United States and the tightening of UN sanctions:
- ban on the purchase of Iranian oil,
- ban on transactions with the Central Bank of Iran and blocking reserves,
- a ban on the supply of a number of metals, coal and industrial equipment to Iran,
- disconnecting the banking sector from SWIFT.
False accusations by Iranian authorities by Amnesty International
Iran In 2019, experts Amnesty International disseminated information that at least 106 civilians were killed by Iranian security forces during the protests. Later, the organization revised the figure, stating that there were more dead - 304, claiming that unarmed protesters were deliberately killed by the authorities, who gave the green light to brutal repressions to suppress dissent.
In fact, many citizens were killed by armed rioters, in addition, many of the "killed" turned out to be alive, and some, although they were really dead, died in cities where there were no protests at all.
2015:5 UN sanctions packages
In 2006-2015, 5 packages of UN sanctions against Iran were adopted:
- a ban on the import into Iran of nuclear technologies and materials, as well as military products;
- freezing the accounts of companies and persons, a ban on investments in the Iranian oil and gas and oil refining industries;
- a ban on the sale to Iran of technologies that can be used in the military or oil sector;
- a ban on transactions with Iranian financial institutions.
2019
Hundreds killed in protests after petrol prices soar
Protests in November 2019 began after a sharp increase in gasoline prices. Previously, a liter of gasoline in Iran cost 10 thousand rials (0.09 dollar US). Since November 15, a new system has been introduced, according to which the first 60 liters of gasoline per month cost 15 thousand rials, that is, one and a half times more expensive. For gasoline over the specified norm, the price was set at 30 thousand rials (0.27 US dollars) - three times higher.
In fairness, it is worth noting that this is still a rather low price, even when compared with other oil-producing countries. However, comparison in absolute terms does not give much, if you do not take into account the standard of living in the country.
The funds received of about $2.55 billion a year, the government intended to redistribute between 18 million needy households. That's virtually 60 million of the 82 million Iranians.
Iranian authorities have refrained from publishing accurate figures on losses during the protests. Previously, the figure of 342 dead was called, until information was published about more than 1,500 dead, including about 400 women, as well as representatives of law enforcement agencies. It is quite difficult to verify this information, and Reuters specifically notes that this figure is collected according to data from various sources.
It is known that during the protests of 1999, 17 people died in a week, and in 2009 - more 70 in a few months, so even the most modest figure indicates that these are indeed the bloodiest events since the Islamic revolution of 1979.
US sanctions lead to sharp reduction in oil exports
The policy of "maximum pressure" of the United States brings results - the volume of exports of Iranian hydrocarbons has significantly decreased, and the promised EU efforts to create an alternative mechanism of trade with Iran to bypass sanctions did not bring the expected result. By July 2019, oil exports fell to 100,000 barrels per day, compared with 2.7 million barrels before the return of US sanctions. In part, Iran managed to succeed in diversifying the economy, but these changes will not have a quick and decisive effect on the economy.
1979
Islamic revolution
The date of the beginning of the revolution in Iran is considered to be January 8, 1978, when the first major anti-government demonstration in Qom was suppressed with unreasonable cruelty. Throughout 1978, in various cities of Iran, representatives of the Islamic clergy organized demonstrations decisively dispersed by troops, including the Shah's Guard and suppressed by SAVAK. By the end of the year, revolutionaries turned to tactics of economic strikes and strikes, which completely paralyzed the economy. Being no longer able to hold power in his hands, the shah transferred power to the prime minister from among the moderate opposition and fled the country.
On February 1, 1979, disgraced Ayatollah Khomeini returned to Iran, who took power into his own hands. A new transitional government was appointed.
In March 1979, a referendum on a new political structure was held in the country, and on April 1, 1979 Iran was declared the first Islamic Republic.
Relations with the United States were initially strained and finally deteriorated after the capture of American diplomats in Tehran in November of that year.
1977
1960
1953: Overthrow of Mosaddegh by US and British intelligence agencies
The coup d'état in Iran in 1953 led to the overthrow of the democratically elected government of the National Front of Iran, led by Mossadegh. Organized by the intelligence services of Great Britain and the United States.
1951: Nationalization of the oil industry. Mosaddegh - Prime Minister
Main article: British Petroleum (BP)
The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AINK) avoided paying Iran a share in Iranian oil production. No less damage to the Iranian economy was caused by the exemption of AINK from income tax and customs duties. Even Iran itself did not receive enough oil for its own consumption, and therefore was forced to import it from the Soviet Union.
After learning that Saudi Arabia is in an agreement with the American oil company Aramco (Saudi Arabian Oil Company) has achieved an equal distribution of profits from oil produced, Prime Minister Razmara suggested that AINK representatives include a similar provision in the new agreement, but the English refused, stating that they would not negotiate under the threat of nationalization, to which Ayatollah Abol-Qasem Kashani was called in public speeches at the ongoing mass rallies and their fatwas, appointed with the support of the "National Front" by the speaker of the parliament, and other leading clergymen of Iran.
Soon after the prime minister publicly rejected the idea of nationalizing Iranian oil in these circumstances, he was killed at the entrance to the mosque by a member of the Fedayins of Islam organization on March 7, 1951. Immediately after his death, the process of preparing a bill on the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry was launched, although the new prime minister, the former Iranian ambassador to the United States Hussein Ala, was an even more zealous opponent of the nationalization of AINK. On March 15, 1951, the Mejlis of Iran decided to nationalize Iran's oil industry; On March 20, the Senate approved this.
After a wave of street protests, the cabinet resigned on April 27, 1951. The next day, April 28, Mohammed Mosaddegh was appointed the new Prime Minister.
In 1951, Iran fell into a deep economic crisis, and foreign powers stopped buying Iranian oil. The Abadan refinery, one of the world's largest, has closed.
The Abadan crisis was exacerbated by the Royal Navy's maritime blockade of trade routes. Great Britain
Nevertheless, despite strong resistance from the United States and Britain, the nationalization of Iranian oil continued.
Oil companies of other countries - Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Iraq - have significantly increased oil production to occupy Iran's oil niche on the international market. Oil production in the Middle East increased by 10% annually. Restricting oil exports had a deplorable effect on Iran's economy; oil production in the country has greatly decreased: from 242 million barrels in 1950 to 10.6 million barrels in 1952.
Mosaddegh tried to agree on the supply of Iranian oil with the USSR, but due to the lack of a powerful fleet of oil tankers in the Soviet Union at that time, this could not be done.
1941: Overthrow of Shah Reza Pahlavi
In 1941, during World War II, Reza Shah tried to refuse the USSR and Britain to deploy their troops in Iran, after which on August 25, 1941, Soviet and British troops from both ends of the country crossed the Iranian border as part of Operation Consent. It was announced that for the entire period of World War II, they were taking control of the territory, and the Shah was asked to abdicate.
15.09.1941 years, Soviet and British troops entered Tehran, and the next day Shah Reza Pahlavi was forced to sign an abdication in favor of his son, who ruled until 1979.
The abdication took place on September 16, 1941. Ex-Shah died in exile in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1944.
1904
1901: Briton William D'Arcy receives concession to find and extract oil in Persia
Main article: British Petroleum (BP)
In May 1901, British entrepreneur William Knox D'Arcy received a concession from the Persian Shah to search for and extract oil.
1897
Persia, 19th century]]
1860
1722: Fall of Safavids and beginning of Afghan rule in Iran
The battle of Gulnabad between the Safavids and the emir of Kandahar Mir Mahmud, which began on March 8, 1722, began with the success of the former, but ultimately, due to the complete lack of coordination, the Safavid army was defeated. Three days later, the siege of the capital of the Safavid state began. After a six-month siege, the city fell. Sultan Hussein was a prisoner of Mir Mahmud and on October 23 declared him his successor. Two days later, Mir Mahmud was solemnly crowned, which put an end to the 220-year-old Safavid Empire and was the beginning of the short-lived rule of the Afghans in Iran.
1501: Formation of Safavid Persia
Safavid Persia is a feudal state created by the Kyzylbash tribal confederation led by the ruler of the Ardebil region, Sheikh of the Safaviy order Ismail I, who existed from 1501 to 1722, named after the ruling Safavid dynasty.
430: About 1,000 Roma arrive from India and begin settling around the world
Genetic studies have established that gypsies left India in a small, genetically homogeneous group, presumably numbering about 1000 people (Haplogroup H). There is a Persian legend (recorded by Firdowsi) that gypsies came to Iran from India under Bahram Gur (ruled in 420-440), who was conquered by their musical art.
30 BC: The Parthian Kingdom
129 BC: Atropatene and the Parthian Kingdom
200 BC: Seleucid Empire, Atropatena, Parthian Kingdom
250 BC: Seleucid Kingdom, Mussel, Parthian Kingdom
530 BC: Persian Achaemenid state
600 BC: Midian Power
640 BC: Scythians
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