Human history. Main dates

• Timeline of the Universe before the advent of planet Earth
• The history of the Earth before the appearance of hominids

Human evolution

Main article: Human Evolution

Beginning of Quaternary and Pleistocene

2.58 million hp: Gauss-Matuyama magnetic inversion

The Gauss-Matuyama magnetic inversion is a geological event that occurred about 2.58 million years ago, when the Earth's magnetic field changed direction.

2.5 million hp: First stone tools

2,500,000 years ago - the first industry of stone tools ^[1]].

2 million hp: The beginning of the Paleolithic in Russia

Main article: Paleolithic in Russia

2 million years ago - the beginning of the Paleolithic in Russia.

National Archaeological Museum of Spain, Madrid, 2022

1.6 million hp: Homo erectus "Boy from Turkana" in Kenya is the first hominid with fully human anatomical and behavioral traits

In 1984, a complete skull and about 80 fragments of the hominid skeleton were discovered. He was dubbed the "Boy of Turkana."

It became the first known hominid to display fully human anatomical and behavioral traits. See Human Evolution for details.

1.45 million hp: Development of fire in East Africa

1,450,000 BC - The development of fire by ancient people in East Africa was a turning point in human social evolution, which allowed people to diversify protein and carbohydrate food with the opportunity to cook it, develop their activity at night, and also protect themselves from predators.

790,000 years ago, fire was already used in the Middle East.

700,000 years ago - fire in South Africa.

National Archaeological Museum of Spain, Madrid, 2022

200,000 years ago - using fire in France

1.4 million hp: The beginning of the Paleolithic in Spain

Main article: Paleolithic in Spain

185 thousand hp: Homo Sapiens in Israel

The dispersal of Homo Sapiens from Africa is confirmed by finds in Israel, dated between 194,000 and 177,000 years ago.

120 thousand hp: The first small wave of migration of Homo Sapiens from Africa to Australia

The work of Axel Timmermann and Tobias Friedrich (2016) provides the results of modeling the climate and its impact on the resettlement of mankind, which allows you to establish the time windows in which it could occur. The authors proceed from the assumption that people moved only in territories where they could find food, which means that it was possible to leave Africa only at that time and in that way, when and where flora and fauna were represented in sufficient quantities.

According to scientists, the Sapiens had only three windows suitable for resettlement: 130-118, 106-94, 89-73 thousand years ago^[2]. The last of them best fits the "main event," when the resettlement became massive. But the first and second windows could also be suitable for migration. And, judging by the results of other teams, ancient people really took advantage of them.

So, judging by the genetic analysis of the natives of Australia and the inhabitants of New Guinea, the first people in this region appeared 120 thousand years ago, long before the ancestors of most non-Africans came out.

But the genetic contribution of these early migrants is no more than two percent in the gene pool of modern New Guineans.

75 thousand hp: Homo Sapiens in India

80,000-70,000 years ago, Homo Sapiens reach the coast of India.

65 thousand hp Homo Sapiens in Australia

65,000 years ago Homo Sapiens reached Australia.

54 thousand hp: A person of modern appearance in Europe

In 2022, a group of paleoanthropologists described fossils discovered in Mandrin Cave in France. The findings confirm that modern humans inhabited Europe as early as 56,800-51,700 years ago. Read more here.

50 thousand years ago: a person of a modern species in Russia. See Paleolithic in Russia

35 thousand hp: The appearance of the account

35,000 years ago - Account

28,000 hp - The last Neanderthals in the south of the Iberian Peninsula and in the enclaves of Central Europe.

Differences in the structure of the skulls of the Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon. Museum of the History of Human Evolution, Burgos, 2019

20 thousand hp: Bow and arrows

20,000 - Bow and arrows ^[3]]

3500 BC: Invention of the wheel

3500 BC invention of the wheel.

3200 BC: The emergence of the world's first writing in Egypt. Beginning of the Story

Main article: History of Egypt

Writing was first invented in Egyptian Abydos around 3200 BC for economic accounting. The first inscriptions are recorded on ceramic vessels, seals and small ivory labels that were attached to commercial containers.

After 1.1 billion years: Rapid reduction of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere

In 1.1 billion years, a rapid reduction in oxygen content will begin in the Earth's atmosphere.

In 5 billion years: The explosion of the sun and its absorption of the Earth

In 5 billion years, the Sun will explode and turn into the Red Giant, which will take over the Earth.

See also

• History

Notes