2023: Quantum dots bring Nobel Prize to scientist from Russia
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry in October 2023 was awarded to a scientist from Russia Alexei Yekimov, Americans Munga Bavendi and Louis Bruce. They won the award for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots. Read more here.
2022: Novaya Gazeta editor-in-chief sells $103.5 million Nobel medal at auction
On June 20, 2022, the editor-in-chief of Novaya Gazeta Dmitry Muratov sold the Nobel medal at auction for $103.5 million. The buyer is unknown, bidding was conducted at the Times Center in Manhattan in New York. Read more here.
2021: Billionaire Bill Gates caught wanting Nobel Prize through pedophile millionaire
In mid-May 2021, Microsoft founder Bill Gates was accused of intending to win the Nobel Prize, using a connection with millionaire financier Jeffrey Epstein, who was convicted of pedophilia and sex trafficking. Read more here.
2020
Moscow ranked 10th among world cities in terms of the number of Nobel and Fields Prize winners
The Institute for Statistical Research and Knowledge Economics (ISIEZ) of the Higher School of Economics in February 2021 issued a rating of the innovative attractiveness of world cities (HSE Global Cities Innovation Index), covering 36 global centers. One area of research is devoted to scientists and laureates of the Nobel and Fields Prizes.
According to the report, at the end of 2020, Moscow ranked 10th among world cities in terms of the number of Nobel and Fields Prize winners.
Two Nobel laureates Mikhail Gorbachev and Eric Maskin and two Field Prize winners Sergei Novikov and Andrei Okunkov are directly associated with Moscow and its organizations.
Andrei Okunkov is the supervisor of the HSE International Laboratory for Representation Theory and Mathematical Physics - Skoltech, and Eric Maskin is a researcher at the HSE International Center for Decision Analysis and Selection.
The position of the Russian capital in terms of the number of the most cited scientists is worse: 32nd out of 36. This is despite the 10th place in terms of the number of leading universities and high publication activity (11th place in terms of the number of publications indexed in the Web of Science), the study said.
The largest number (21) of Nobel and Fields Prize winners are registered in. New York The list is followed by (Paris 16) and (Angeles 13). In their Chicago 8, in - 7, Washington in, and London Tokyo San Diego - 6, in - 2. Stockholm
Five highly qualified scientists are affiliated with scientific organizations and universities in Moscow: Vadim Cherezov, Alexander Kabanov, Sergei Morozov, Vladimir Uversky and Suleiman Allakhverdiyev. They all work in natural science and related fields such as physics, pharmacology and toxicology, biology and biochemistry.[1]
Nobel Prize in Medicine awarded for the discovery of the hepatitis C virus
On October 5, 2020, the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology was awarded for the discovery of the hepatitis C virus. Scientists Michael Houghton, Harvey Alter and Charles Rice received it.
The prize's website says that their work helped identify a new type of virus - the hepatitis C virus. The discovery of hepatitis A and B viruses was an important step forward, however, most cases of hepatitis transmitted through the blood remained unexplained. The discovery of the hepatitis C virus helped identify the cause of the remaining cases of chronic hepatitis and allowed the creation of blood tests and new drugs that saved millions of lives, the press release said.
Harvey Alter investigated the cause of transfusion-related hepatitis, which was not then caused by the well-known hepatitis A and B viruses. He and his colleagues showed that an unknown pathogen could be transmitted to chimpanzees and also had the properties of the virus. Michael Houghton first isolated the genetic sequence of the virus, which was found in patients with chronic hepatitis. Charles Rice created a viral RNA similar to that of the isolated virus, and proved that when infected, it is able to cause pathological changes in the liver of monkeys.
In 2020, the prize in the field of medicine was of particular importance due to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, the Associated Press said, emphasizing that current events have never before noted the importance of medical research for society and the economy around the world. At the same time, the likelihood that the winners of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Medicine will directly participate in the study of a new virus is very small, the agency draws attention, explaining that, as a rule, the award is awarded for discoveries made many years or even decades ago.[2]
2019
Number of laureates by country as of June 2019:
- UNITED STATES: 377
- United Kingdom: 130
- Germany: 108
- France: 70
- Sweden: 32
- Japan: 27
- Canada: 26
- Switzerland: 26
- Russia: 25
- Austria: 21
- Netherlands: 21
- Italy: 20
- Poland: 14
- Denmark: 13
- Norway: 13
- Hungary: 13
- Australia: 12
- Israel: 12
- Belgium: 11
- India: 10
- South Africa: 10
- China: 8
- Spain: 8
1990: USSR President Gorbachev receives Peace Prize
A fragment of Mikhail Gorbachev's speech at the Nobel Peace Prize, March 5, 1990.
1975: Andrei Sakharov awarded Nobel Peace Prize
In 1975, Academician Andrei Sakharov was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
1940: Why György de Heves dissolved the medals of physicists Max von Laue and James Frank in royal vodka
In Nazi Germany, it was forbidden to accept the Nobel Prize after the Peace Prize was awarded to the enemy of National Socialism Karl von Osetsky in 1935. German physicists Max von Laue and James Frank entrusted the storage of their gold medals to Niels Bohr.
When the Germans occupied Copenhagen in April 1940, in order to avoid possible confiscation, an employee of the Niels Bohr Institute, chemist György de Heves, dissolved these medals in royal vodka (Heves himself was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1943).
A jar with a solution of tetrachlorosolate acid stood safely among hundreds of others until the end of the occupation of Denmark.
After the war ended, Heveshi isolated gold from the solution and transferred it to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Nobel Foundation. New medals were made from it, which were returned to von Laue and Frank.
1927: Wagner-Jaureggu Award for the treatment of the sick through their malaria infection
At the beginning of the 20th century, patients were infected with malaria to cure syphilis.
Malaria causes a very high temperature that kills syphilis bacteria. But then the patients were treated for malaria. There were no antibiotics at the time and syphilis was a direct threat to life.
Malaria therapy was developed by Julius Wagner-Jauregg, who in 1917 first vaccinated malaria in patients suffering from progressive paralysis. For the development of this therapy, Wagner-Jauregg received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1927. Wagner-Jauregg also used malaria therapy to treat syphilis, neurosyphilis, multiple sclerosis, and schizophrenia.
Notes
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