Production of electronics and computer equipment in Russia

According to published expert estimates, in 2024 the Russian electronics and computer technology market showed moderate growth compared to 2023. Thus, personal computers were sold by 22% more in quantitative terms, about 3 million pieces, and 10% more in value terms, in the amount of about 71 billion rubles.

However, expert market estimates do not separate imported electronics and computing equipment (EiVT) and Russian ones produced in the Russian Federation. TAdviser conducted a survey of the largest Russian vendors and manufacturers of EIVT in order to better understand the structure and prospects of the market.

Dmitry Mashina, vice president for commerce at Sitronics, believes that in 2024 the volume of the Russian server market grew by 9% and amounted to about 135 billion rubles. At the same time, server production increased over the year, and imports decreased. The volume of domestic production exceeded imports by 3.44 times. The expert suggests that the trend towards an increase in import substitution will continue in the next few years.

Mikhail Shapovalov, Managing Director of Graviton, noted that the share of devices from foreign vendors in the Russian market is gradually decreasing. The trend that manifested itself in 2022 has intensified. 2024 became a turning point: the shares of IT equipment from foreign and Russian manufacturers almost equaled - 51% and 49%, respectively. And from 2025, local vendors will confidently dominate. By 2030, the share of products from Russian manufacturers according to the plans of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia should be about 70%.

This assessment is also confirmed by OpenYard. They believe that the share of Russian production has grown significantly and will continue to grow.

We see a significant difference between the state of the market for 2021 and its current position, as evidenced by the demand for our equipment and the number of products we produce. The main reason that contributed to this process, in my opinion, is that recently the task of building processes and its own independent infrastructure has crystallized. It is not enough just to produce something, you need to constantly develop your solutions and products. The market is changing rapidly, and it is important for customers and end consumers to have a product that will work stably not only here and now, but also in the next few years. And here there is an important connection between development and production: new plants are being built, technological processes are being mastered and modern types of technological operations are being launched, "says Anton Varshavsky, production director and chief architect of OCP solutions at OpenYard.

According to the company's experts, the Fplus volume of the Russian electronics market at the end of 2024 amounted to about 2.8 trillion rubles. In 2024, the share of Russian equipment in the regulated market exceeded 50% in the market average, and in some segments, such as servers and storage systems (), DSS it reached 75-80%. At the same time, for example, smartphones the share of Russian production in the segment does not yet exceed 30%. From the point of view of finished products, the growth rate of Russian products has good dynamics: plus 20-30% year-on-year. In microelectronics, growth is still limited due to insufficient nomenclature and availability of the domestic electronic component base (ECB). In the next 2-3 years, a further increase in the share of Russian production is expected, especially in the segments of servers, DSS and network equipment. However, growth will not be as rapid as in the first two years of technological sovereignty, when there was a low base effect.

{{quote 'author=Khalil El-Hajj, Head of Project and Implementation Service of NTC "Module" | I think that the own production of electronics and computer technology in Russia has grown by at least 20% over the past 3 years. I'll explain why. Large computer suppliers, which previously purchased individual electronic nodes abroad, now open their own production facilities, localize the production of critical products for their final products right at home. For example, there are Russian companies that open surface installation workshops, begin to produce motherboards for their own products on their own, open microelectronic design departments, and begin to make microelectronics for their tasks.}}

Electronics production in Russia is growing in some areas, said Sergey Kupriyanov, vice president of Ricore. Progress in import substitution was especially noticeable: in 2024, about 120 thousand servers were produced in the country, which is 20% more than in the previous one. And the production of computers of all form factors during the same period increased by more than 30%.

Enterprises, including non-state ones, are more and more willing to switch to domestic brands. However, the number of Chinese vendors has also increased. That is, competition is growing, which makes it increasingly necessary to strengthen state support for Russian manufacturers: the introduction of import duties on finished computer equipment, long-term preferential lending, notes Sergey Kupriyanov.

Most experts consider it most likely that the market growth trend will continue.

We can be sure that the part of the market that is already being protected by the state (critical infrastructure, government agencies) will continue to be focused on Russian-made products. But in related areas, such as retail and B2B, there is no certainty yet, "said Sergey Kupriyanov.

Anton Klyuev, production director, "Inferit" noted that thanks to the state order data centers , there is a significant growth in some segments (industrial and military electronics, IT infrastructure and servers, based on them). In others, it is less visible, but it is. Russian brands of smartphones and tablets on foreign components have appeared. In areas such as chip manufacturing, import dependence remains, and the share of in-house production is negligible.

The share of own production in 2024-2025 is growing slowly, but mainly in niche strategic areas identified in the priorities of public policy. These are the public sector (import substitution of servers and telecommunications infrastructure), telecommunications (base stations), auto electronics (localization of sensors and control units for cars).

TAdviser collected data on the revenue of a number of Russian manufacturers and suppliers of computer equipment.

Experts interviewed by us note that the production of electronics in Russia is positively influenced by the amount of state funding, measures to support production and stimulate demand for domestic products. This is not only about financial or tax incentives, although they are also important, but also about regulatory mechanisms aimed at ensuring the country's technological sovereignty.

Among the reasons that contribute to the development of the production of electronics and computer technology, OpenYard highlights a request to ensure technological sovereignty. It is necessary, according to the company, to acquire their own intellectual property. OpenYard also notes support from the budget and regulators, which are now as focused as possible on the development of electronics production in Russia.

Among the negatively affecting the growth of electronics production in Russia, Anton Varshavsky from OpenYard noted the lack of synergy between business, the state, educational institutions and science. Such interaction, the expert believes, would allow solving the issue of personnel hunger, accelerate the development of patents (intellectual property) and apply the theoretical knowledge of scientists in practice. Also, fear of a new one often acts as a barrier ― many companies do not want to switch to domestic solutions.

Fplus notes that more and more domestic products with a high degree of localization are being created in Russia. There is a consolidation of the market, thanks to which large players strengthen their positions. The company's experts also note the influence of state support for the industry and regulatory measures, which contributes to an increase in the share of domestic products and technological development. Among the negative factors, they include, along with other experts interviewed by us, a high key rate and a shortage of qualified personnel.

An important task of ensuring the growth and development of electronics production in the country is the production of a high-tech electronic component base in Russia (Proprietary microcircuit production in Russia widely uses 65 nm topology and the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation expects that the microelectronic industry in the country by 2027 will be able to work on 28 nm topology, and by 2030 - 14 nm. The world's leading microelectronics manufacturers, such as TSMC, Samsung and Intel, have already firmly mastered 12/10- and 6/5nm chips. note - ed.). To solve this problem, one cannot do without a clear state policy aimed at supporting the development and production of Russian components, the development and/or localization of technologies.

The growth in the production of Russian electronics, experts from Fplus said, ensured the loading of contract sites and state support in the form of preferential programs, subsidies and incentives for the localization of production. Imports of EiVT are decreasing, and in some areas its share has decreased by 80-90%, and in others where foreign vendors occupy a relatively neutral position or there are no Russian analogues, the reduction was about 10-25%. Regulatory measures, such as the introduction of waste collection, restricting parallel imports and tightening certification requirements, also contribute to the growth of domestic production.

Mikhail Ushakov', CEO of TONK, said that external negative factors are helping the development of electronics production in Russia, forcing them to develop their own industry. Also, the development would be facilitated by the weakening of tax pressure from the state, the preservation and increase of intellectual potential and personnel reserve, the creation of additional and convenient jobs with comfortable financial support, the possibility (including financial) to increase its own production and development of the existing one, the introduction of the latest technologies, the possibility of creating its own component base.

Fplus experts, like other experts interviewed by us, note the shortage of the Russian electronic component base (ECB) as one of the main obstacles to the development of electronics and computer production in Russia. Today, experts say, 85-95% of the equipment is still assembled on foreign components, and Russian components are more expensive and less affordable. Parallel imports also remain a problem: foreign solutions continue to enter the market, which reduces the incentive of some customers to switch to domestic products. Another serious problem is the personnel shortage, especially in the development of low-level software and engineering specialties. Finally, the high cost of loans caused by an increase in the key rate of the Central Bank complicates the financing of promising projects.

As a solution, they propose to increase investments in ECB production, developing domestic capacities for the production of components. It also requires tightening regulatory measures to limit parallel imports and stimulate purchases of domestic equipment. Special attention should be paid to the work on training personnel through cooperation with universities, internships and training of specialists.

According to Mikhail Ushakov, the production of electronics is restrained, along with the lack of domestic ECB, the critical dependence of design and production processes on foreign technologies, including software, and materials, for example, especially pure chemistry and silicon. He also noted the outflow of intellectual personnel from the Russian Federation, the lack of long-term investments. In his opinion, along with an increase in IT funding and the development of a component base, an increase in the transparency of algorithms, data protection guarantees and the introduction of mechanisms for responsibility for AI actions will help change the situation.

The electronics and computer industry in Russia is changing under the influence of both political events of recent years and economic changes. Firstly, there is a significant increase in the localization of production in those segments where foreign suppliers were previously present - state support gave its positive effect. Secondly, digital technologies such as IoT and cloud services are being actively introduced, which improves efficiency and competitiveness. In addition, companies are actively developing telecommunications solutions, including base stations, routers and switches, which are necessary to modernize communication networks. Servers and storage systems are in demand, their own solutions for protecting information systems from cyber threats. Thirdly, our industries have to develop in conditions of very expensive funding and a strong shortage of qualified personnel. All this forces them to increase labor productivity and becomes more effective in general, "said Evgeny Lipkin,' CEO of Ostek-SMT.

Price restrictions are an obstacle to further market growth, said Sergei Kupriyanov,' vice president of Ricore. It is well known that in mass production it is possible to achieve a lower cost of a unit of a product, there is also a correlation with the cost of loans and the tax burden. Chinese vendors have completely different production volumes, significantly lower loan costs and a lower tax burden. Accordingly, it is very difficult to compete with them in terms of price. Strengthening government measures to support the industry can solve this problem.

One of the negative factors, says Khalil El-Hajj, is a very aggressive export policy China in the context of strengthening the presence of its manufacturers and suppliers of electronics in the Russian market. PRC companies offer Russian computer manufacturers ready-made solutions of Chinese origin with a ready-made technological map of legalization and confirmation of Russian origin of products. That is, not only the microcircuit itself, the motherboard, the computer or the server are sold, but also the documentation for them, prepared in such a way that the Russian buyer can quickly and freely enter these products into the 719 list of the Ministry of Industry and Trade (the list determines the products of Russian production).

Unfortunately, unscrupulous players in the Russian market are actively exploiting this offer and filling the list of domestic products with Chinese doubles, thereby preventing the emergence of demand for native (in fact, and not only for documents produced in Russia) Russian electronics and computing equipment. This significantly slows down the pace of development and scalability of Russian electronics production and forces our suppliers to put essentially Chinese solutions with the Russian logo on the showcase, says Khalil El-Hajj.

The expert also believes that it is necessary to increase the investment attractiveness of electronics production, and this is seriously hindered by the practice of "label re-gluing" described above.

Until the issue of entering disguised Chinese solutions in the register of disguised Chinese solutions is resolved and regulated, the dynamics of the development of its own production will show extremely modest indicators, up to negative ones: why should I, as an entrepreneur or investor, invest resources in the construction or development of a Russian plant, if the state allows me to legally purchase Chinese products from the 719 register for 223-FZ and 44-FZ (procurement procedures for enterprises with the participation of the state and natural monopolies 223-FZ; for state and municipal needs 44-FZ - ed.), - said Khalil El-Hajj.

EIVT manufacturers in Russia are focused on products that are in greatest demand. First of all, these are DSS, network and server equipment, including general-purpose servers and high-performance servers for working with AI, hardware and software complexes (PAC). smartphones Tablets on domestic operating systems are also in demand in the segment of client devices. The production of peripheral devices is actively developing: color and monochrome printers, MFPs, monitors.

Although the products of Russian manufacturers are represented in all categories, over the past five years there has been a radical change in the categories leading in revenue in the VT market in Russia, said Mikhail Shapovalov from Graviton. In 2024, the largest share was occupied by server purchases - 35% and specialized equipment - 20%. Client devices also remain a significant segment of the market, occupying 23%. At the same time, in 2023-2024, the peripheral segment gradually decreased, a significant part of which is formed by printing devices. This category was reduced to 7%.

The production of server equipment and storage systems (DSS) continues to remain in the field of attention of domestic manufacturers. In the face of increasing demand for computing solutions and hardware, which supports the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the growth of computing loads, these segments of electronics show the most intensive growth.

According to Anton Warsaw, the market is divided into two large segments: regulated (public sector) and unregulated (commercial enterprises). Both segments are in the sphere of interests of electronics manufacturers, but require a different approach. In the regulated segment, it is due to regulatory regulation and a request for localization of solutions and requires the manufacturer to be responsible and competent in building and operating a large stable IT infrastructure.

In the unregulated segment, a more flexible approach to solving problems is required. The customer needs to provide advanced and high-quality solutions that meet all modern trends. It will be easier for companies with R&D centers with a wide list of competencies to do this, says Anton Varshavsky.

The industry priorities of electronics manufacturers are related to the development of the space program, power and machine tools, which shape demand in the domestic market. This, in turn, leads to the emergence of new production sites for the production of special-purpose electronics and industrial electronics, says Khalil El-Hajj, head of the project and implementation service of the STC "Module."

As for the commercial segment, the expert believes, the automotive market is the key driver of growth, and the production of devices and components for the development of AI technologies, power electronics (energy, distribution networks, electric transport), the Internet of Things (sensors, communication components), telecommunications (base stations and channel communication devices). All of them require the production of both low-level electronics (passive/analog components) and complex microelectronics (digital, mixed, heterogeneous multi-core chips) and modules/computing systems built on their basis.

The company OpenYard considers artificial intelligence technologies to be one of the trends that are actively developing and affect the IT market, industry, and services. For electronics manufacturers (including server hardware), this, in particular, means an increase in demand for GPUs, tensor cores and everything related to large computing models.

Fplus also notes the role of AI as a driver of technological innovations in 2025 and in the next 2-3 years. One of the key areas will be the creation of domestic high-performance servers for working with AI. The deployment of 5G networks in Russia will be another important step in technological development. Active work will continue to localize production, including an increase in the share of Russian components, such as printed circuit boards and server enclosures. In addition, the availability of Baikal and Elbrus processors is expected to increase, which will lead to an increase in the number of Russian equipment on domestic chips.

According to Sergei Kupriyanov,' first of all, Russian solutions based on AI will develop, while the development will concern not only software solutions, but also hardver ones - servers, laptops, smartphones. Manufacturers will integrate technological components into their products that optimize their work with AI. A large-scale replacement of foreign software for managing server solutions is expected, after which Russian servers will practically not differ in management from the products of Western vendors.

Anton Klyuev, in addition to the opinions expressed by other experts, named several areas of technological development that will become in demand in the medium term. These are quantum computing, the development of energy-efficient chips of artificial intelligence, robotics and the Internet of Things (IoT).

The financial prospects for the industry in 2025 and for the medium term look moderately optimistic. In 2025, the share of domestic products is expected to increase due to tightening regulatory measures and an increase in localization. Consolidation of the market will lead to the fact that large players will occupy 70-80% of the market, which will increase competition and reduce margins for small manufacturers. In the future of three years, we can expect a further increase in technological sovereignty, including an increase in the share of Russian components and developments, which will reduce dependence on imports. Russian companies will also begin to enter the markets of friendly countries, especially in the server and DSS segments, according to Fplus.

Mikhail Ushakov from TONK pointed out that the Russian government's reduction in funding for planned projects and programs negatively affects the industry. At the same time, over the past three years, the expert believes, industry enterprises have accumulated the potential to create and produce new products and products in the context of sanctions restrictions and there is an expectation that the industry will grow more dynamically.

The company "Ricore" believes that at the beginning of 2025 there is some cooling of the market, a reduction in financial capabilities of customers. This also slows down production. However, in the future, approximately in the third or fourth quarter, a large number of large projects are expected to be implemented, so that in general, the market is likely to revive from the second half of the year, and by the end of 2025 the market will reach about the same indicators as in 2024.

According to Anton Klyuev, director of production, "Inferit" on the horizon of 2-3 years there is a potential for growth of own production - the creation of technology parks for the production of chips, the development of R&D centers, the transfer of high-tech industries Russia in. According to the forecast by 2027, the share of Russian production in electronics may grow to 20-25% from the current 15%, mainly by assembling devices from imported components, localizing simple components (enclosures, power supplies, etc.).

Khalil El-Hajj, Head of the Project and Implementation Service of the Module Research and Development Center, believes that in the next three years the industry will be able to grow by at least 40-50%, provided that the existing regulatory basis for assessing the share of "Russian" in developed products is adjusted, improving support measures for domestic manufacturers and developers, and clearly categorizing CII facilities according to the level of priority to import substitution (as a driver of demand growth for Russian trusted solutions and systems) and an increase in the investment attractiveness of the production segment as a result of the above-mentioned changes in the current legislation.

All experts interviewed by us note that the production of electronics and VT and the associated market are growing both in unit terms and in monetary terms. The range of products produced in Russia is also increasing. This is influenced by many factors, among which most experts highlight an increase in demand for Russian equipment (the result of the protectionist position of the state) and budgetary investments, including in the production of microelectronics.

It is difficult to predict the medium-term prospects of the market, the importance of unpredictable factors of the external environment is great, but almost all the experts interviewed by us noted that in the regulated segment (CII, government bodies) one can be sure that growth will continue, and while maintaining the current vector in regulation and market support, one can expect growth in the segments of V2V and consumer electronics.

The most popular types of computer equipment produced in Russia today are servers and laptops. The demand for them is estimated at millions of products per year.

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• Import substitution of computer equipment and microelectronics
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• High Performance Computing (Global)