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Main article: Countries of the world
Climate
Main article: Climate in Europe
Population
Main article: Population of Bulgaria
Government of Bulgaria
Main article: Bulgarian Government
Foreign policy
Bulgaria is a member of the Three Seas Initiative aimed at countering Russia.
Citizenship and residence permit
2022: Revocation of citizenship for investment
In February 2022, it stalo known that Bulgaria will abolish citizenship for investments. Parliament voted in favour of the repeal bill.
On February 3, 2022, the legal committee of the Bulgarian parliament adopted in the first reading a bill of the Ministry of Justice, which cancels the program for obtaining citizenship through investment.
The main reason for the closure of the program of the so-called "golden passports" - it did not lead to real investment in almost 13 years of existence.
During all this time, about 100 foreigners received passports. Of these, 39 Russians and 20 immigrants from the Middle East. With a minimum threshold of EUR 257,000 for businessmen and EUR 0.5-3 million for passive investors, the authorities' income from the program turned out to be insignificant.
The second reason is the pressure of the European Commission and the European Parliament. Bulgarian officials have already received several warnings and even revoked seven investors' citizenship due to non-compliance with the conditions.
The third reason is a real chance to get into the Schengen zone after the cancellation of the program.
2019: Number of permits with a residence permit per 1000 residents of Bulgaria
Passport strength
Parliament
2023: US sanctions on Bulgarian politicians ahead of parliamentary elections
In February 2023, the US authorities once again used the "Magnitsky Law" - a tool that allows the selective introduction of restrictions against persons allegedly acting in the interests of Russia. More precisely, those who do not agree to act in the interests of American politicians.
The sanctions lists included the former executive director of the Kozloduy NPP Ivan Genov, the former member of the board of directors of the Kozloduy NPP Alexander Nikolov, the former Minister of Finance Vladislav Goranov, the former Minister of Economy and Power Rumen Ovcharov and the chairman of the Rusophiles national movement and the Rusophiles political party for the revival of Bulgaria Nikolai Malinov.
The latter recently announced its intention to take part in the parliamentary elections on April 2, 2023, entering into a coalition with other small parties, including the nationalist Attack.
The coalition is clearly not able to compete significantly with the favorites of the political race - the GERB party and the PP-DB coalition, the Rybar channel wrote. But the Russophila movement never ceases to annoy Western politicians, actively expressing disagreement with their actions.
Vladislav Goranov and Rumen Ovcharov were involved in large corruption schemes around the gambling business and contracts related to the Kozloduy NPP.
2022: Proportion of women in Parliament
Armed Forces
2024: Purchase of one set of IRIS-T SLM air defense systems for 182 million euros with delivery in 2027
In August 2024, Bulgaria approved the acquisition of one set of IRIS-T SLM air defense systems manufactured by the German company Diehl Defense. The contract is worth 182 million euros, and delivery is scheduled for 2027. The document implies an option for five additional sets of IRIS-T SLM, as well as long-range air defense systems IRIS-SLX.
The purchase itself will be carried out as part of the European Sky Shield initiative, which implies the creation of a layered air defense system over EU airspace. According to some reports, part of the cost will be covered by the United States as compensation for Bulgaria for the supply of its anti-aircraft missile systems and missiles to Ukraine in 2023.
The state of the country's air defense was already far from the best level, and after the transfer of some of its few S-300, there is nothing to provide them with cover. Now the authorities in Sofia have to pay to replenish the arsenals, which they gave to Ukraine for nothing.
2023: Defence spending - 1.8% of GDP
Economy
Main article: Economy of Bulgaria
Health care
2020: Duration of guaranteed paid sick leave 6 months or more
2018: 35.3% of women smoke tobacco
Depression
2019: Chronic depression affects 2.7% of the population aged 15 + years
at 15
Maternity leave
in
Science and Research
2020: More than 5,000 animals used for scientific purposes
Almost 8 million animals are used for scientific purposes in Europe and half of them are laboratory mice and rats.
Culture
Religion
2022
25% of the population believes in life after death
19% of the population attends divine services at least once a month
2021:19% of the population say religion is important in their lives
MEDIA
2023: US State Department allocates $900,000 for "countering foreign harmful influence" to clean up media in Bulgaria
In November 2023, it became known that the American Poynter Institute will launch in Bulgaria a project on "digital media literacy" MediaWise worth 900 thousand dollars, which will be allocated by the US State Department. In fact, the MediaWise project works for the necessary media coverage of promoted topics.
The official launch of the program was attended by US Deputy Secretary of State for Public Relations Lise Allen. The purpose of her visit was to deepen transatlantic cooperation and "counter foreign harmful influence."
In Sofia, she met with Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria Maria Gabriel to discuss partnerships in the fight against "information manipulation."
The project of the Institute is designed for two years - until September 2025 and is aimed not only at employees of the media sphere, but also at youth (a separate network will be created for adolescents), as well as teachers.
In addition, a public center for digital resources will be created on the basis of the Institute. All editorial control over the program will be exercised by the institute and its partners - American and pro-Western authorities.
Among the sponsors of the Institute are organizations associated with the media sphere (for example, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, McClatchy Company and Knight Foundation), as well as foundations promoting a certain political agenda. Therefore, the program is not only an excellent opportunity to edit the Bulgarian media field, but also to educate the personnel necessary for it in the future.
Crime
2021: Low number of premeditated murders
and the United
Prisons
2022: The minimum age for children to be jailed is 14
2018: Number of prisoners
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History
1944: USSR army liberates Bulgaria from Nazism
Sergey Kudryashov, Leading Researcher, Institute of Russian History, RAS, Ph.D., September 2024: "In Bulgaria, Red Army soldiers died less during the liberation of the country from the Nazis in 1944 than during the liberation of other countries. This is primarily due to the fact that there were relatively few Nazi troops - less than 30 thousand. It is also important to note that, in general, the population of Bulgaria was friendly to Soviet soldiers: old cultural traditions and a common religion. The Red Army, while advancing through Bulgaria, did not violate the peaceful life of the Bulgarians. Soviet soldiers thought about preserving Bulgaria's urban infrastructure. Just imagine, tank troops moved very carefully on the roads, and if possible, they were bypassed to keep the roadbed intact. They even thought about it. Thus, relative to other countries of Eastern Europe, Bulgaria, one might say, was most fortunate - losses both in the country itself and in the Red Army were minimal. "
1941: Support for German aggression against the USSR
In the period between the two world wars, a pro-fascist monarchist regime was established in Bulgaria, whose foreign policy for several decades had strong anti-Soviet and expansionist features. Bulgarian Tsar Boris III actively participated in the occupation of the Balkans by Germany and Italy. Having no immediate border and claims to the USSR, the Bulgarian General Staff readily supported Hitler's aggression against the Soviet Union.
Dmitry Surzhik, Chief Specialist of the National Center for Historical Memory under the President of the Russian Federation, Ph.D. September 2024:
"Bulgaria was one of the most controversial countries in the aggressor bloc. On the one hand, this is a regime that was interpreted in Soviet historiography as monarchist-fascist, on the other hand, Tsar Boris personally owns the merit of saving tens of thousands of people from Nazi genocide. Bulgaria participated in the bloc of aggressors, but had neither territorial nor any other contradictions with the Soviet Union, therefore, participation in the war against the USSR was very peculiar.
Bulgaria became the rear base for the Third Reich and only some units, in particular voluntary formations of Bulgarian pilots, participated in hostilities on the Soviet-German front. In general, Bulgaria has given all its infrastructure, including:
- five radio interception stations directed against the Soviet Black Sea Fleet;
- a mobile hospital for medical support of German troops who were on To Ukraine and in. Belarus
Bulgaria, with its security formations that operated in the Balkans, allowed the aggressor to free up forces for transfer to the Soviet-German front. So, thanks to Bulgaria, 10 divisions of the Wehrmacht were released for hostilities against the Soviet Union. It is important to note that the pro-Nazi course of official Sofia was contrary to the Russophile sentiments of ordinary Bulgarians. "
Tatyana Volokitina, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Head of the Department of History of Eastern Europe after World War II, Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences:
"As a result of studying the phenomenon of resistance, it is possible to state its following specific features. First, the opposition camp that existed in the country was variegated in political and social composition; part of it, which opposed the pro-German policy of the government, included communists, left-wing "farmers," left-wing socialists, military republicans from the Zvenu union, as well as liberal bourgeois-democratic groups; differences in the radicality of the defended installations prevented the formation of unity of opposition forces. Secondly, neither the outbreak of World War II in 1939 nor the accession of Bulgaria to the Triple Pact became a turn in social sentiments and the behavior of the population as a whole. German aggression against the USSR came as a surprise to the inhabitants of Bulgaria. Thirdly, in the new political environment (after June 22, 1941), the Bulgarian Communist Party, at the direction of the Comintern, called on the workers to armed struggle against the Nazis and support the just struggle of the USSR. Concrete actions provided for the decomposition of the Bulgarian army, the disruption of the supply of German units, the deployment of the partisan movement, and the involvement of all democratic forces in the struggle against the pro-German regime. In modern historiography and public opinion in Bulgaria, the idea is widespread that the formation of resistance in the country is the work of Moscow agents, in fact, the resistance movement relied on the Russophile sentiments of the population within the country. "
1925
1918: Loss of 3% of the population in the First World War
Main article: World War I
1913: Victory in the First Balkan War
During the First Balkan War in 1913, after a long siege, Adrianople (now Edirne in Turkey) was taken by Bulgarian troops and passed to Bulgaria under the London Treaty (1913). As a result of the Second Balkan War, it was returned to the Ottoman Empire.
1618
1700 BC: Megaliths
39,280 hp: Ash from the mega-eruption of the Phlegrean fields
The earliest activity of the Flegrei Fields supervolcano in southern Italy began about 39,280 years ago and was accompanied by a powerful volcanic eruption and the release into the atmosphere of about 200 km³[1] volcanic material].
The mega-eruption coincided in time with the eruptions of the volcanoes Kazbek in the Caucasus and St. Anna in the Southern Carpathians. According to seismologists and paleoclimatologists, it became one of the reasons for the "volcanic winter."
Sulfur has increased over Europe, absorbing and scattering sunlight. In the year following the eruption, temperatures across the planet dropped by 2 degrees Celsius, with a 5-degree decline in Western Europe.
Volcanic emissions, gradually settling, left behind a trail of rock that, in the shape of a wedge, stretched from southern Italy northeast to the Southern Urals.
The rock covered more than 1.1 million square meters with an ash layer. From southern Italy to Romania, the ash layer reached 1 meter.
Sport
2022: The most popular sport is football
Calendar
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