Main article: Bionic prostheses

Motor: bioelectric hand prostheses - bioelectric hand prostheses with built-in contactless payment function.

2024: Completion of the 4th stage of research of Russian scientists on the feeling of prostheses and the relief of phantom pains

The 4th stage of research "Motor," FEFU and Skoltech on the feeling of prostheses and the relief of phantom pains was completed. The purpose of the stage is to check the prosthesis with the feeling system. The difference between this prototype and the previous ones is that the cyber hand moves freely, without fixation. Test pilots took fragile items with a cyber hand and moved them around. Research has been underway since 2021. One of the key achievements is the development of a prototype serial model of the prosthesis, the main distinctive feature of which is sensory feedback. This was announced on August 8, 2024 by representatives of "Motor."

source = Motor

The management of the bionic prosthesis is still significantly different from the use of the natural hand. We are working to make cyberprotheses with a sense of feeling. In 2024, it is planned to open the Center for Cybernetic Medicine and Neuroprosthetics, where one of the main tasks will be the creation and use of various types of closed-loop prostheses. " told Andrey Davidyuk, General Director of Motorics

We implanted an electrode in the peripheral nerve and spinal cord and conducted a number of studies to create a prosthesis to match the patient's individual parameters. told Arthur Biktimirov, neurosurgeon of the FEFU Medical Complex

He noted that in Russia only in FEFU, operations are carried out to perceive prostheses and stop phantom pains. The work is carried out within the framework of the Priority-2030 program.

The patient lost his hand in the explosion and was in severe pain. We managed to reduce them by 70-80% using electrical stimulation, even without a prosthesis. With the prosthesis, we completely saved the patient from phantom pains. This stage is very significant for us, as we are counting on a long-term result. Specialists will continue to monitor and adjust treatment when the electrode fully engages in the nerve. If the previous stages were aimed at an instant result, then we want to assess how the indicators will change over time. To do this, you need to focus on the postoperative state. added Biktimirov

We worked through the research protocol to say that the stimulation effect persists for a long period after stabilization on the nerve and will be as effective as at the initial stage. We confirmed our hypotheses, however, to continue the study, we still need a large sample of patients. For August 2024, we are looking for patients with an upper limb injury and phantom pain, to participate we need to contact Motorics. told Yuri Matvienko, Head of the Department of Neurotechnologies "Motors"

Unlike previous stages, this time the study was conducted in two rounds, with an extended rehabilitation period after implantation of the electrodes. The second round, which took place a few months after the operation, allowed specialists to check the patient rehabilitation protocol. Valuable information was also obtained on the decrease in the mobility of electrodes in tissue over time. The fact is that the electrodes do not immediately "take root" and take a stationary position.

During the study, the speed of the task was also regularly measured by the patient. By the last measurement, the subject managed to complete the tasks more than one and a half times faster.

source = Motor

At this stage, for the first time, we fully implemented the system of bidirectional neuroprosthesis. This prosthesis is controlled through an electromyographic interface and allows sensory feedback in the form of electrical stimulation, which causes sensations in the lost limb. The patient performed tasks to move objects using a prosthetic arm in motion. He could feel them with his fingertips. The patient was even able to transfer a glass full of fragile balls and not scatter them. In addition, one patient managed to feel the heel of the prosthesis using a smart insole. told Gurgen Soghoyan, PhD student at the Vladimir Zelman Center for Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation in Skoltech and scientific coordinator of the project

Another change in the fourth stage is the use of tracking - position tracking technology. eye With the help algorithms artificial intelligence of a patient eye tracking system, different indicators were measured: fixation by the patient on his prosthesis, on a moving object and on other objects of the environment. Such a system allows determining an increase in the patient's cognitive load when performing tasks using a prosthesis. The results of stage 4 showed that due to an increase in natural sensitivity in the prosthesis, the pattern of observing the prosthesis in the patient changed - the visual fixation on the prosthesis decreased. The success of the contractions of the prosthesis began to be evaluated more due to sensations, and not vision.

The correlation between brain activity and tactile sensation intensity was also investigated. Researchers learn to extract human sensation data from an electroencephalogram (EEG) in real time. Similar experiments were carried out on animals about 20 years ago under the guidance of neuroscientist Mikhail Lebedev, a scientific figure and the mastermind of the project. Now, similar results obtained in human studies represent a significant step in the development of science.

"Motor" continues invasive research on the perception of prostheses and the relief of phantom pains.

2023: Surgery to sense bionic prosthetic legs and stop phantom pains

The Medical Center of the Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU) conducted an operation to sense bionic prostheses of the legs and stop phantom pains. The press service of the university announced this on February 22, 2023.

We are talking about a joint project of the Center NTI for VR/AR, FEFU the company "" and the Motility center of neuroscience. Skoltech According to FEFU, a team led by functional neurosurgeon of the Medical Center and expert of the FEFU NTI Center Arthur Biktimirov implanted electrodes in the patient's legs. Electrical stimulation of implants returns lost sensations and relieves phantom pain.

Carrying out the operation

Past hand prosthetic sensation surgeries have shown positive results, so we decided to move on and work with the lower limbs. Now we have installed three electrodes on the peripheral nerves and spinal cord. Thus, we create a system for sensing prostheses, which will work with the consequences of amputation of both upper and lower limbs, - said Arthur Biktimirov.

In addition to getting rid of phantom pains, sensing prosthetic legs can save a person from excessive effort when walking, helps protect the back from damage and curvature, and also increases psychological comfort, since the leg ceases to be perceived as a foreign object.

Work on the feeling of prostheses and the relief of phantom pains is carried out within the framework of the Priority 2030 program. The company "Motorica" is engaged in technical development, FEFU methods of electrode implantation, and Skoltech is studying brain activity.

There are no analogues of such products - there are no prostheses in the world that would return sensitivity. Developers, scientists and surgeons have united the first in Russia to conduct operations with invasive microelectronics, which ensures the interaction of bionics with the human body. Now our technology is interested in specialists throughout Russia, - said the rector of FEFU Boris Korobets in February 2023.[1]

2022

Completion of the second phase of the sensitivity study

The company Motility"" on May 13, 2022 announced the conduct in Vladivostok the second stage of a study on the feeling of bionic prostheses hands and the relief of phantom pain. After a successful operation to implant electrodes, "Motorika" together with the Medical Center FEFU and the Center for Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation named after Vladimir Zelman Skoltech began electrical stimulation. The development of "Motor" in the field of invasive technologies will improve prostheses through the restoration of touch in people with amputation.

The direction that Motorica is engaged in for May 2022 is associated with the feeling of bionic prostheses. A closed-loop prosthetic arm will be able to transmit signals from its sensors to the peripheral nerves into which the stimulating electrodes are implanted.

The first stage of the study in December 2021 confirmed the possibility of invasive neurophysiological testing based on the domestic infrastructure with a positive result. With the help of electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, specialists from Motorics, Skoltech and FEFU were able to achieve the appearance of sensations (pressure, temperature, tingling) and stable suppression of phantom pains in the first pilots. When using a closed-loop prosthesis, patients experienced natural sensations by simply touching the objects with the tips of the prosthesis "pads. One of the patients was able to open his phantom hand for the first time.

In April 2022, Motorica gathered in Vladivostok a second group of patients with different types of shoulder and forearm injuries. Electrode implantation operations were performed by a team led by Artur Biktimirov, functional neurosurgeon at FEFU Medical Center.

After the operation, the team of "Motors," Skoltech and FEFU began to select electrical stimulation parameters to relieve phantom pains, and after obtaining the effect, the selection of parameters that provide tactile sensations. The study uses a Manifesto bionic prosthesis engineering sample with advanced capabilities in terms of management and programming.

A few years ago, together with the FEFU Medical Center, we launched the Cyborg Island project. Our goal is to create a cyber-medical cluster on the basis of the Russian Research and Development Center to combine projects and companies that, like us, are engaged in invasive research, technologies and high-tech rehabilitation tools, - commented Ilya Chekh, co-founder and CEO of Motorica.

Together with Motorica and Skoltech, we analyzed the results of the first stage, and based on this, we corrected the tactics of our study. Supplemented peripheral nerve activation with spinal cord stimulation, expanded experimental and neuromodulation paradigms, and expanded the group of patients. We now take patients with higher levels of amputation - to the shoulder. Thus, we plan to collect even more data to achieve the ultimate goal - to create a prosthesis feeling technology, - said Artur Biktimirov.

One of our goals is to develop neurostimulators to stop phantom pains and sense bionic prostheses. The second stage will allow you to check the results of the previous stage and get new stimulation parameters for feeling, - commented Yuri Matvienko, head of the Motorics invasive research project.

We also took the first steps in studying brain activity patterns specific to pain syndrome. Analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) of patients made it possible to find components indicating the presence of a pain phase. Nevertheless, this result needs to be confirmed in a larger group of patients, which is planned to be done in the second phase of the study, - commented Mikhail Lebedev, professor and head of the Center for Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation of the Vladimir Zelman Skoltech.

The study is funded by a round of investments that Motorica raised from the Far Eastern High Technology Fund and the Russian Direct Investment Fund in January 2021.

"Motorica" plans to conduct the next stage of research, and is also ready to expand the direction of a group of pilots with phantom pain not only with an upper limb injury, but it is also planned to participate pilots with a lower limb injury.

Plan to embed IoT beeline chips for remote monitoring

and Beeline Motility"," "resident," "Skolkovo will continue cooperation and implementation of the project in the field of promoting the development of the direction of telerehabilitation and remote. In medicine 2022 bionic prostheses , -chip IoT beeline for remote monitoring will be mass-built into Motorics. This was announced on April 8, 2022 by the Motorica company.

In 2018, beeline and Motorica launched a project for remote monitoring of high-tech rehabilitation tools. The task was very ambitious: to combine bionic prostheses with mobile operator technologies and create a digital space in which people with special needs can undergo rehabilitation. beeline and Motor help cybermen use prosthetic hands more efficiently and quickly get used to their functionality. More than 1,700 people use Motor prostheses in 12 countries of the world, the company produces 7 types of bionic and traction prostheses: the hand, forearm and shoulder. Telemetry in prostheses allows you to analyze and select the rehabilitation process individually for each user. Data Base in the future can be used to develop new devices with artificial intelligence.

It is not easy to adapt to bionic prostheses (they work due to the electrical potential of muscles): people go to rehabilitologists for a long time to learn how to use the new gadget faster. Smart bionic prostheses are equipped with IOT beeline chips. This allows you to remotely monitor the rehabilitation process and develop a direction in medicine - remote monitoring of "smart" devices that are built into the human body. To transfer user activities in Motor prostheses, eSIM and Bluetooth modules were installed, and GSM and LTE support is also provided. The patient does not need to go to the rehabilitation center - all information from the prosthesis will go to his personal office of the doctor in the "cloud." The doctor sees the patient's testimony through his personal account and can adjust the learning process if necessary, which allows him to be continuous, reduces the number of visits to the doctor and time for addiction.

In addition, the cyber hand can already be trained in virtual reality created by "Motor." This allows cybermen to quickly learn how to work with objects, control prostheses and adapt to using the new gadget. Of course, this method is very popular, especially among children, because it is always more interesting to learn through games.

The project has great prospects: the developers believe that in the near future the prosthesis will be perceived more as a technological advantage, and not as a disadvantage or deviation. With the help of modules built into the prosthesis of the hand, it will be possible to control a "smart" home, work with social networks, play and much more.

Motorica became the first major partner to allow the beeline to become a full-fledged player in the telemedicine segment due to the special synergy of the operator's technologies and the Attilan television rehabilitation platform. The plans for 2022 are to provide "smart" prostheses with about 800 people with amputation and congenital features and connect them using beeline technologies to the remote rehabilitation system.

beeline within the framework of the sustainable development strategy creates and implements technologies that help society to systematically solve serious social problems, supports innovative digital solutions that can significantly improve the quality of life of people with disabilities.

2021: Performing the first hand prosthetic sensation surgery in the Russian Federation

At the end of November 2021, it became known about the first operation in Russia to sense prosthetic arms. The company "Motorica," engaged in the development and production of prosthetic arms, together with the FEFU Medical Center and the Zelman Skoltech Center for Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, carried out invasive implantation of electrodes into the peripheral nerve to establish an inverse sensational connection of prosthetic arms with the human nervous system.

Two people became volunteers of the experiment - a patient from the city of Lomonosov with two amputated hands expects after the operation to be able to feel fragile objects with prostheses, and a patient from Roslavl intends to solve the problem of phantom pains. During the operation, both volunteers received special electrodes installed on the nerves for electrical stimulation. Two weeks are allotted for training in working with bionic prostheses of hands according to a new system, and then specialists will adjust individual parameters of nerve stimulation for each of the patients to perceive pressure, pain, heat and cold with prostheses.

The Skolkovo resident, the Motorika company, conducted the first operation in Russia to implant electrodes that transmit tactile sensations from prostheses

The goal of the project is to study the technology of feeling bionic prostheses, which makes it possible to ensure maximum interaction with the human body, as well as to check the possibility of stopping phantom pains. Similar operations in the world were carried out by only a few international teams.

{{quote 'The study is aimed at controlling one of the most painful conditions - chronic phantom pain, and will also contribute to the return of normal tactile sensitivity, improving the functionality of prosthetic limbs. If the experiment is successful, further scaling of technology is possible, which will significantly improve the quality of life of people after amputation, "said Natalya Polushkina, vice president, executive director of the Skolkovo Biological and Medical Technology Cluster, quoted in the message. ^[2]}}

2017: Prosthesis announcement with contactless payment built-in

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