The main articles are:
GDP
Main article: Brazil's GDP
Debt
Non-financial debt
2022: Aggregate non-financial debt
National debt
2023: State debt - 85% of GDP
2017: State debt - 83% of GDP
External debt
2019: Debt to China - $5bn
with the
Inflation
2024: Inflation for 5 years 35%
Accumulated inflation over 5 years in the G-20 countries at the end of 2024:
Argentina: 13,910%
Turkey: 734%
Russia: 46%
Brazil: 35%
India: 34%
Mexico: 31%
South Africa: 28%
Britain: 25%
Holland: 24%
US: 23%
Australia: 21%
Germany: 21%
Spain: 19%
Canada: 19%
Italy: 18%
Singapore: 17%
France: 15%
South Korea: 15%
Indonesia: 15%
Saudi Arabia: 13%
Japan: 9%
Switzerland: 6%
China: 6%
2022: Inflation in November - 6.5%
2021: Inflation of 8.59% in July
Under the influence of food and electricity prices, inflation in Brazil remains above the target level - reached 8.59% in mid-July 2021, compared with the targets of 3.75% in 2021 and 3.5% in 2022.
Currency
Digital real
Main article: Digital Real (DREX)
International reserves
2022: Yuan overtakes euro in Brazil reserves
The Chinese yuan overtook the euro to become the second most important currency in Brazil's foreign exchange reserves, according to a central bank report that was released on Friday. This reflects deepening economic ties with Brazil's largest trading partner.
Until 2018, the yuan was absent from Brazil's foreign exchange reserves and currently accounts for 5.37% of the Brazilian central bank's assets at the end of 2022, more than the euro's 4.74% share.
The U.S. dollar continues to dominate, accounting for 80.42% of Brazil's total foreign exchange reserves in 2022.
Key rate
In August 2021, the Brazilian Central Bank conducted a very aggressive interest rate increase and promised to quickly resume restrictive monetary policy to pacify inflation.
The bank raised its benchmark Selic rate by 100 bp to 5.25%.
Stock market
2021: IPO boom
Already by August 2021, the market IPO Brazil reached a record level.
Forty-two listings of Brazilian companies attracted more than 57 billion reais ($11 billion) in the first 7 months of 2021. This figure broke the previous full-year record of 53.6 billion reais in 2007, when 60 companies went public.
The latest offering by Raizen SA, a joint venture between Shell and Brazilian conglomerate Cosan SA, set a record for the year.
Labour market
2022: Proportion of workers aged 65 or over - above 10%
2015: More than 4.4% of workers work 60 or more hours a week
Unemployment
2020: Unemployment rate - 13.4%
Incomes and debts of the population
2024: Maximum personal income tax rate - 27.5%
2023
Low household debt: 32% of GDP
Minimum wage - $232
2022: Share of citizens with a budget of less than $5.5 per day
Businessmen
Billionaires and millionaires in Brazil
2022: There are 413 thousand millionaires in the country
2021: The richest 1% of citizens account for 49.3% of the population's assets
2020: 7th in the world in the number of billionaires - 45
Investments
2021: 4.99 million NFT users
Foreign investment
2023: BlackRock Investment
Main article: BlackRock
Minerals
2025: 3rd in the world in rare earth reserves
Countries with the largest reserves of rare earths (in metric tons):
Vietnam: 22m
Brazil: 21m
Russia: 19 million
India: 6.9m
Australia: 4.2m
US: 2.3 million
Myanmar: 510,000
Mexico: 290 000
USGS, Mineral Raw Material Summaries, January 2025
2022: Top 10 leading countries in the production of critical raw materials
2018: 8th in the world for mining
Lithium mining
2022: 2,200 tonnes of lithium produced
2021: Lithium production - 1500 tonnes
Oil production
2025
Brazil joins OPEC +
The Brazilian government on February 18, 2025 approved joining OPEC +, a group of major oil exporting countries, signaling the country's transformation into a major oil power.
Brazil is the seventh largest oil producer in the world, with daily production of about 4.3 million barrels, or 4% of global production.
15th in the world in terms of oil reserves
Oil reserves in countries of the world (billion barrels), according to Bloomberg as of February 2025:
Venezuela: 303.8
Saudi Arabia: 258.6
Iran: 208.6
Canada: 170.3
Iraq: 145
Kuwait: 101.5
UAE: 97.8
Russia: 80
Libya: 48.3
UNITED STATES: 47.1
Nigeria: 36.8
Kazakhstan: 30
China: 26
Qatar: 25.2
Brazil: 12.7
2023: Petrobras privatisation decree lifted
The new president of Brazil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, in January 2023, canceled the decree of his predecessor Jair Bolsonaro on the privatization of eight large state-owned companies. Including he excluded from the list of state property to be sold, the oil and gas Petroleo Brasiliero SA (Petrobras).
2021
Power
2025:2 operating nuclear reactors
The number of operating nuclear reactors in countries around the world according to Bloomberg as of February 2025:
- UNITED STATES: 94
- China: 57
- France: 57
- Russia: 36
- South Korea: 26
- India: 20
- Canada: 17
- Ukraine: 15
- Japan: 14
- United Kingdom: 9
- Spain: 7
- Czech Republic: 6
- Pakistan: 6
- Sweden: 6
- Belgium: 5
- Finland: 5
- Slovakia: 5
- Hungary: 4
- Switzerland: 4
- UAE: 4
- Argentina: 3
- Belarus: 2
- Brazil: 2
- Bulgaria: 2
- Mexico: 2
- Romania: 2
- South Africa: 2
- Armenia: 1
- Iran: 1
- Netherlands: 1
- Slovenia: 1
2020: Energy consumption per capita
and
2019
Foreign trade
2024
Russia and Brazil increased annual trade turnover by 9.3% to $12.4 billion
The volume of trade between Russia and Brazil reached a historic high of $12.4 billion in 2024, showing an increase of 9.3%. TAdviser got acquainted with such data from the Brazilian statistical service in January 2025.
Russian exports to Brazil increased by 9.5%, reaching a record $10.96 billion, and imports of Brazilian goods to Russia increased by 8.2% to $1.45 billion. Thanks to this, Russia rose from eleventh to eighth place among the main trading partners of the South American country.
to trade He retains his leading position with Brazil, China which increased trade by 0.3% to $158 billion. In second place are USA with an indicator of $80.9 billion and an increase of 8%. The third place is occupied, Argentina despite a decrease in trade by 4.7% to $27.4 billion.
The top five trading partners Brazil also include, Germany which increased trade by 4.2% to $19.6 billion, and the Netherlands, which reduced trade by 6% to $14.1 billion.
In the second five, in addition to Russia, Spain is located with a trade turnover of $13.9 billion, Mexico - $13.6 billion, India - $12.1 billion and Chile - $11.6 billion. Russia's entry into the top ten trading partners of Brazil took place for the first time in modern history.
The achieved indicators demonstrate the strengthening of trade and economic ties between the two countries in the framework of BRICS cooperation. The increase in the volume of mutual trade indicates the development of alternative trade routes and the diversification of foreign economic relations between both countries.
The positive dynamics of trade turnover between Russia and Brazil creates the basis for further expansion of economic cooperation and implementation of joint projects in various industries and agriculture.[1]
Russia bought a record volume of coffee from Brazil since 1997 - 62 thousand tons
In January 2025, it became known that in 2024 Russia acquired a record 62 thousand tons of coffee from Brazil, increasing the volume of supplies 1.6 times compared to the previous year. This is the maximum export since 1997. The cost of imports amounted to $266.2 million, which is twice as much as a year earlier. Russia has become the 10th largest buyer of coffee from Brazil. The leaders were the United States, Germany and Belgium]] [[.
Take-off of imports from Russia
2023
Russia for the first time entered the top five largest suppliers of goods to Brazil
At the end of 2023, Russia for the first time entered the top five largest exporters of goods to Brazil, increasing supplies to this country by 27% on an annualized basis. This is stated in the study, the results of which were published on January 14, 2024.
According to RIA Novosti, referring to data from the Brazilian statistical service, in 2023, imports of Russian goods to this South American country reached a record $10 billion. As a result, Russia rose to the fifth line in the list of leading exporters of products to Brazil.
Brazil purchased the most goods in 2023 from China - for a total of $53.2 billion. However, this is 12.5% less than a year earlier. China for the sixth year in a row (by 2023) remains the largest exporter of products to Brazil. The United States is in second place, but purchases of American goods on an annualized basis fell by a quarter, being at around $38 billion. Germany climbed to third place from fourth: it increased exports to Brazil by almost 3% in 2023 - to $13.1 billion. Argentina is in fourth position in the ranking with $12 billion, which is 8% less than in 2022.
In addition, the top ten largest exporters of goods to Brazil at the end of 2023 included India (a decrease of 22% compared to 2022; $6.9 billion), (Italy an increase of 5%; $5.9 billion), (Mexico an increase of 5%; $5.54 billion), (France an increase of 11%; $5.5 billion) and (Japan a decrease of 3%; $5.1 billion).
In general, as noted, Brazil during 2023 imported products worth $240.8 billion, which is 12% less on an annualized basis. At the same time, the volume of exports increased by 2%, reaching $339.7 billion. As a result, Brazil's trade surplus rose 1.6 times, reaching a record $98.9 billion.[2]
Take-off of fuel and fertilizer imports from Russia
Brazil consumes Russian fuel more than ever before, intends to import a record amount of Russian fuel in August 2023.
According to the energy analytical company Kpler Ltd., imports of Russian petroleum products will grow by 25% compared to July and will amount to about 235 thousand barrels per day. That's far more than the US, which used to be Brazil's top overseas fuel supplier.
Brazil has become the second largest buyer of Russian diesel fuel in the world.
Brazil is economically very strongly integrated into the BRICS. The country buys fertilizers from Russia for agriculture and sells most of its agricultural products to China.
Brazil Imports from Russia in March 2023 rose 120% from the same month two years earlier.
2022
China is the main and largest export destination
Growth of trade with Russia to a record $9.8 billion
At the end of 2022, trade between Russia and Brazil amounted to a record 9.8 billion. dollars
2021: China's eighth-largest trading partner
2020
Transportation equipment - the main export item
The Impact of US President Trump's Administration's Trade Restrictions
2019: Computer Device Exports
Mechanical engineering
2019: 2.45 million cars produced
Information Technology and Telecom
Brazil IT Market
Main Article: Brazil IT Market
According to the Brazilian Association of Computer Technology and Telecommunications Companies (BRASCOM) in 2011, Brazil's IT market amounted to $102.6 billion or 4.4% of GDP. Of these, IT exports, which include support and consulting in addition to software sales, accounted for $2.61 billion. These calculations are based on customs statistics and data from the tax administration of the country[3].
Communications (Brazil Market)
Main article: Communication (Brazilian market)
Internet in Brazil
2022: 76.4% of the population use the Internet
R&D
2020: R&D spending - $42.1 billion
Agriculture
2024
First place in coffee production (3.56 million tons)
Sixth in the world for cocoa beans
2022: Average level of state support for agriculture
2021
4th in the world for growing pineapples - 2.776 million tons
Share of agricultural land - 34%
2019: Average use of pesticides in agriculture
Equestrian industry
Food industry
2021: 1st in the world in terms of sugar production
Transport
2023: Sixth in the world in terms of the number of cars sold - 2.3 million units
Tourism
Ernst & Young study: The impact of the 2014 FIFA World Cup on the country's socio-economic development
Advertisement
2022: The growing influence of famous personalities in advertising
Alcohol market
2023: 3rd largest beer production in the world
2022: 3rd in the world in terms of beer production
2021: Brazil is the 3rd country in the world in terms of beer consumption
2018: Minimum age to purchase alcoholic beverages
Pyrotechnics
Consumption
2022: Cut vegetarian share to 2.2%
Meat
2023: Poultry meat is the most consumed type of meat
Notes
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