Main article: Russia
History of Russia's foreign policy
Main article: Russian Foreign Policy
History of Moscow
Main article: History of Moscow
2023: Armed mutiny "March of Justice" PMC "Wagner"
On the evening of June 23, 2023, the private military company of Yevgeny Prigozhin "Wagner" began the "March of Justice" to Moscow. The authorities qualified him as an armed rebellion. Largely thanks to the efforts of the President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko, it was possible to stop the military columns and eliminate the risks of a growing civil conflict. For more details, see PMC Wagner.
2022
Inclusion of the LPR, DPR, Kherson and Zaporizhzhya regions in Russia
Main article: Subjects of the Russian Federation
On September 30, 2022, the president Russia Vladimir Putin signed agreements on the inclusion Hersonskaya Zaporozhskaya regions of the LPR, DPR, and Russia.
On October 19, the president introduced martial law in the DPR, LPR, Zaporozhye and Kherson regions.
- He instructed to introduce an "average level of response" in the regions bordering Ukraine and new territories.
- In , To the Crimea Sevastopol,,, Krasnodar Territory,, Belgorod Bryansk Voronezh Kurskaya Rostovskaya regions, it is necessary to introduce a special regime, transport communications and communications, facilities, power engineering specialists according to Putin's decree.
- Maximum level of response: DPR, LPR, Zaporozhye and Kherson regions. Territorial defense headquarters will be created there.
- Heads of regions should be given additional powers to ensure security.
- The presidential decree provides for several levels of response to security risks.
- The government, at the direction of Putin, creates a Coordination Council headed by Mikhail Mishustin with the participation of ministers, representatives of the Presidential Administration and the State Council.
- He instructed Sergei Sobyanin, as the head of the State Council commission, to join in coordinating the work of the regions to improve security.
Russia and Ukraine are ready to make peace, but Britain is seeking a big war from Zelensky
What is happening on To Ukraine was the result of Kyiv's intention to join the North Atlantic Alliance, [1] ex-Prime Minister Israel Naftali Bennett, who served as an intermediary between the Russian Federation and Ukraine at the beginning of the conflict, confirmed in February 2023.
President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy, during contacts at the initial stage, was already ready to abandon the idea of joining the alliance. "This whole war happened because of their desire to join NATO, and then Zelensky says:" I refuse this idea, "Bennett said. However, he added, Western countries interrupted negotiations and decided not to negotiate with Moscow.
In an interview, Bennett also said that after the start of a special operation in Ukraine, Zelensky asked him to contact the President of the Russian Federation. He claims that Russian President Vladimir Putin at the beginning of the special operation assured him that Zelensky would not be eliminated. According to the ex-prime minister, after meeting with Putin, he called Zelensky, who was hiding in a bunker, and handed him the contents of the conversation. After learning of Putin's promise, Zelensky returned to the office and recorded a video in which he announced that he was not afraid to stay in Kyiv.
Later, in November 2023, the leader of the Ukrainian faction "Servant of the People" Arakhamia, who headed the Ukrainian delegation in negotiations with Russia, also recognized this:
- [The purpose of the Ukrainian delegation was to delay the process. What was the goal of the Russian delegation?]
- In my opinion, they really believed to the last that they could finish us so that we would take neutrality. This was the main thing for them: they were ready to end the war if we accept neutrality, as Finland once did. And we will make a commitment that we will not join NATO.
- [Only this item?]
- Factually, the key point was this one. Everything else is cosmetic political seasonings about denazification, the Russian-speaking population and blah blah blah.
- [Why did Ukraine not agree to this clause?]
- First, to agree to this clause, it was necessary to change the constitution. Our path to NATO is fixed in the constitution. Secondly, there was no trust in the Russians that they would fulfill this. This could only be done with security guarantees. We could not sign something, move away, exhale - suddenly they would then go in, and we are not ready for this. Therefore, this was possible only if we could be sure that this would not happen again. And there is no such confidence. Moreover, when we came back from, Istanbul Boris Johnson (Prime Minister) Britain Kiev came in and said that we would not sign anything with them at all. And "let's just fight."
Plan to include Ukraine in NATO leads to Russia's special operation in Ukraine
On February 24, 2022, due to NATO's refusal to impose a ban on the inclusion of Ukraine in the bloc, the Russian Armed Forces were forced to launch a special operation in this country to guarantee the security of the Russian Federation.
"I am not satisfied with the reasoning and arguments with which many, including my friends, justify Russia's aggression by the fact that NATO did not fulfill its promises. Perhaps that was the case. There may have been a hoax. But this is history. Do not remember this, "Borrell, head of EU diplomacy, said in October 2022.
2015
EU seeks Minsk agreements with Russia to buy time for rearmament of Ukraine
In 2022 GERMANY , ex-Chancellor Angela Merkel said in an interview that "the 2014 Minsk Agreement was an attempt to give To Ukraine time. They used that time to get stronger, which you can see today. Ukraine the 2014/15 sample is not today's Ukraine. As we could observe during the fighting in the Debaltseve area in early 2015, Putin could easily capture them then. "
1999
Putin appointed acting President of Russia
Since December 31, 1999, Vladimir Putin is the acting President of the Russian Federation.
Putin is the head of the Russian government
Since August 1999, Vladimir Putin was appointed Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.
1996: Boris Yeltsin re-elected for second presidential term
1994
1991
The collapse of the USSR
USSR recognizes the independence of Lithuania
On September 6, 1991 State , the USSR Council, chaired by Mikhail Gorbachev, recognized independence. Lithuania
Putsch
Referendum on the introduction of the post of President of the RSFSR and the election of Boris Yeltsin to it
On March 17, 1991, in parallel with the All-Union referendum, the first all-Russian referendum on the introduction of the presidency of the RSFSR was held. 75.09% of the citizens of the RSFSR took part in it, of which 71.3% supported this proposal.
Three months later, on June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first president of the RSFSR.
All-Union referendum on the preservation of the USSR
On March 17, 1991, an All-Union referendum on the preservation of the USSR was held - the only one in the history of the USSR.
The issue of preserving the USSR as an updated Federation of equal sovereign states and republics of the former USSR was discussed.
1989
Yeltsin's first unofficial visit to the United States
Movement of the Baltic republics for leaving the USSR
Beauty pageants are in fashion
1988
1987: AIDS detected in the USSR
Main article: HIV and AIDS
The fact of the presence of infection doctors first established in the summer of 1987. By the end of the year, there were already 25 HIV-infected people from among those with whom he contacted.
1986
Beginning of "Perestroika"
In 1986, Gorbachev initiated a new ideology and reforms in the economic and political structure of the USSR. Then he first used the term "perestroika." The politician himself stated that he put an equal sign between the words "perestroika" and "revolution."
Chernobyl disaster
Main article: Chernobyl NPP
1985: Death of Konstantin Chernenko, Mikhail Gorbachev elected new Secretary General of the CPSU Central Committee
After the death of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Konstantin Chernenko in March 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev was elected to this post at the suggestion of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR Andrei Gromyko.
1983
1982
The death of Secretary General Leonid Brezhnev
US CIA blasts Soviet gas pipeline: start of cyber war against Russia
Main article: Cyber war between Russia and the United States
US CIA officers have introduced a bug into Canadian software that managed gas pipelines. Soviet intelligence received this software as an object of industrial espionage and introduced it on the Trans-Siberian pipeline. The result was the largest non-nuclear explosion in human history, which occurred in 1982.
1980
1979
1978
1976
1975
1974
CPSU Secretary General Brezhnev visits the Pepsi-Cola plant
1973
1972
Western Europe Gas Export Agreement
In 1972, Leonid Brezhnev and German Chancellor Willy Brandt entered into the Gas - Pipes agreement, which allows the export of Soviet gas to Western Europe.
Caricature of US plans to destroy the USSR
Only a mentally ill person could have thought of the collapse of the Soviet Union into separate states. So they thought in "Crocodile."
1971
1970
1966
1965: First ever human spacewalk
1964: Nikita Khrushchev's resignation
1961: Yuri Gagarin is the first man in space
On April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in world history to fly into outer space. The Raketa carrier with the Vostok-1 ship carrying Gagarin was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome. After 108 minutes of flight, Gagarin successfully landed in the Saratov region, near Engels.
1960
1959
1958
1957: Launch of a second Earth satellite with Laika on board - the first living creature in orbit
On November 3, 1957, the second artificial Earth satellite was launched. On board the Sputnik-2 was the dog Laika, about 2 years old, which became the first living creature to be launched into Earth's orbit.
1956
1955
Photographer: Nikolay Ananyev.]]
1953
1950
1949
Tests of the first Soviet nuclear bomb
70 years old Stalin
1947: Brezhnev - Ukrainian
1945: Victory and huge losses in World War II
Main article: World War II
1941: Attack on the USSR by fascist Germany
1940
1938
1937: The beginning of "The Great Terror"
On July 2, 1937, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks authorized the sending of regional committees to the secretaries regional committees, the Central Committee of the National Parties of the telegram, in which it was offered to all secretaries of regional and regional organizations and all regional ones, the regional and republican representatives of the NKVD to take into account all those who returned to their homeland after serving the terms of expulsion of kulaks and criminals with that, so that the most hostile of them were immediately arrested and shot in order to administratively conduct their cases through the troika.
The distribution of this telegram can be considered the beginning of what in liberal historiography is called the "Great Terror" or Stalin's repressions.
1936
1935
1933
1932: World crisis shapes totalitarian system in USSR
Repressions against the peasantry, complete collectivization and the transition to totalitarianism in 1929-32 were to a large extent (although not exclusively) the result of a global economic crisis that affected Soviet Russia differently than Germany or the United States, but no less fateful.
It was the world crisis of 1929-32 that shaped Stalinism as it went down in history, it was he who gave rise to totalitarianism in the USSR in the same way that it caused the victory of Nazism in Germany.
B.Yu. Kagarlitsky "Pereferial Empire."
1930
1929
1928: "Golden Operation" to rescue gold from the United States
1927
1925
1922: End of the Civil War
During the Civil War in Russia, about 10.7 million people died; about 2 million people who did not share the views of the new government preferred to leave the country.
1921
1920
1919
Sverdlov's death
According to the official version, Yakov Sverdlov fell ill with the Spanish flu, returning to Moscow from Kharkov (left Kharkov on March 6, 1919). He returned to Moscow on March 8. The fact that he was "seriously ill" was reported on March 9. He died on March 16, 1919. March 18, 1919 was buried at the Kremlin wall.
In 1994, a letter from G. G. Yagoda to Stalin dated July 27, 1935 was discovered in the Russian State Archive of Recent History, in which Yagoda reported that Sverdlov's personal safe was found in the warehouse of the Kremlin commandant, which had not been opened for all 16 years since his death. There were gold coins of royal minting for an astronomical amount (108,525 rubles), over seven hundred gold products with precious stones, many forms of passports and filled passports in the name of Sverdlov himself and unknown persons, bonds of royal time, etc.
1918
End of World War I. Millions of victims in Russia
Main article: World War I
Transfer of the capital from Petrograd to Moscow
On March 12, 1918, the capital of Russia was moved from Petrograd to Moscow.
1917
October Revolution and the beginning of the Civil War
July crisis
July days (July uprising, July crisis) - anti-government protests on July 3- 5 (16 - 18), 1917 in Petrograd, following the military defeat at the front and the government crisis (the withdrawal of cadet ministers from the government under the pretext of concessions made by the government delegation in negotiations with the Central Rada).
The July events disrupted the unstable balance of power between the Provisional Government and the Petrosoviet ("dual power"). The unrest, which began with spontaneous speeches by soldiers of the 1st Machine Gun Regiment, workers of Petrograd factories, Kronstadt sailors under the slogans of the immediate resignation of the Provisional Government and the transfer of power to the Soviets, took place with the direct participation of anarchists and part of the Bolsheviks. Left-wing extremism has sparked pushback from right-wing forces. As a result, the demonstration on July 3-4, 1917 ended in bloodshed.
The July events led to the persecution of the Bolsheviks by the authorities, who put forward a version of Lenin's involvement in espionage in favor of Germany. The flight of Lenin and Zinoviev from Petrograd and their transition to an illegal situation did not seriously affect the attitude of the people towards the Bolsheviks.
February Revolution and the end of the Romanov Dynasty
1916
1914: Russia enters World War I
Main article: World War I
1913
1912
1911
1908: Lenin on Capri visiting Gorky
1907: Dzhugashvili participates in organizing the robbery of the Treasury carriage
1906
1905
1902
1900
1898
1896
1895
1893
1892
1891
1890
1886: Rectory in size of the territory of the empire
1875
1867: North American United States buys Alaska from Russia
The agreement on the sale by Russia of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands was signed on March 30, 1867 in Washington.
On May 3, 1867, the treaty was signed by Emperor Alexander II. According to the treaty, the entire Alaska Peninsula, the Alexander Archipelago, the Aleutian Islands with Attu Island, the Near Islands, Rats, Foxes, Andreyanovsky, Shumagina, Trinities, Umnak, Unimak, Kodiak, Chirikova, Afognak and other smaller islands passed to the United States; islands in the Bering Sea: St. Lawrence, St. Matvey, Nunivak and the islands of Pribylov - St. George and St. Paul. Together with the territory of the United States of America, all property located in Russian possessions in Alaska and the islands was transferred.
On October 18 of the same year, a ceremony was held to officially transfer Russian America to the North American United States in exchange for a check worth $7.2 million in gold. In the capital of the Russian colony Novoarkhangelsk (Sitka), the Russian garrison gave way to the American, the US flag was raised over Sitka.
1865: Death of the heir to the throne Nicholas Alexandrovich in Nice
1861: Abolition of serfdom
1860: Accession of Primorye to Russia under the Beijing Treaty
1828: The beginning of the construction of Russian fortifications on the coast of the West Caucasus
1791: England arm large maritime forces to attack Russia in the Baltic
In the spring of 1791, relations between Russia and England once again deteriorated greatly. The reason for this was the successes of the Russian troops in the second Turkish war. The English wished the Swedish king to attack Russia again, but after recent crushing defeats, he did not violate the Verel peace. Then England armed a large naval force to send to the Baltic Sea. 36 battleships, 12 frigates and the same number of small ships were equipped [1]
William Pitt the Younger, the youngest prime minister in British history, was preparing to speak in Parliament explaining the need for such a move. Among the speakers who spoke ardently against another aggression was Charles James Fox (1749-1806), a famous politician, a friend of the Prince of Wales (later King George IV). As a result, it was decided to send envoys to Russia to put forward the terms of the agreement.
After Fox delivered a fiery speech in the English parliament objecting to plans to attack Russia, Empress Catherine II was delighted by the speaker.
The Chancellor of the Russian Empire, Count Bezborodko, acquired a marble bust of Fox by personal order of the Empress, and for the Cameron Gallery in Tsarskoye Selo, the bust was cast in bronze. For more details see Tsarskoye Selo.
1741: Elizaveta Petrovna becomes empress of Russia
Elizaveta Petrovna - Russian empress from the Romanov dynasty from December 6, 1741 to January 5, 1762, the youngest daughter of Peter I and Catherine I, born two years before their marriage.
1710: Peter I gave his wife Ekaterina Alekseevna the Sarsky Manor - the future Tsarskoye Selo
Main article: Tsarskoye Selo
XVII century
1700: Decree of Peter I on the transition to European clothing
On January 14, 1700, a decree of Peter I was signed, prescribing to dress in European clothes.
1699: Peter I introduces the celebration of the New Year on January 1 and declares next year 1700th instead of 7209th
Main article: New Year's Eve
In Russia, New Year and Christmas traditions are counted from 1699, when Peter I announced a new Julian chronology. According to him, now the holidays of Christmas and New Year went one after another - December 25 and 31. Prior to that, the New Year came in September.
After December 31, 7208 came January 1, 1700.
1686: Russia buys Kyiv from Poland for 7 tons of silver
In new negotiations on "eternal peace" in 1686, the Russians declared to the Polish ambassadors that Kyiv "would not yield without blood" ("az do krwi i golf polozenia nie ustapimy," as the Polish envoys to Warsaw reported).
Russia took advantage of the fact that the Poles, by that time drawn into a big war with Turkey, had no time to return their former possessions. But the right of brute force, which allowed not to give back the promised, was required to be put on diplomatic forms. Therefore, the Poles were hinted that Moscow is ready to pay for Kyiv.
The Polish magnates wanted money, but they also could not openly sell a piece of their state, and even having such a symbolic meaning. And the parties began long negotiations on the amount that Russia would pay Poland "out of brotherly friendship and love" - this is how diplomats in 1686 officially formulated the purpose of the payment. In fact, a long and passionate discussion of the price at which Moscow will buy Kyiv from Warsaw began.
Several months were traded in the style of an eastern bazaar. Initially, the Polish ambassadors named the amount of 4 million zlotys (800 thousand rubles), in response the Russians gave their price, 26 times less, - 30 thousand rubles. Polish ambassadors emotionally called the Russian proposal a "joke" and pathetically exclaimed that "their heart was taken out" along with Kyiv. In response, the Moscow boyars melancholy agreed to "add to the previous thing."
800 thousand rubles at that time were equal to half of all revenues of the Russian state for the year. And the Poles in the bargaining lost first, reducing the request to 3 million zlotys, or 600 thousand rubles. After a month of negotiations, this amount fell three times.
It is noteworthy that both sides recorded the course of diplomatic trade very carefully. Both Russians and Poles recorded in detail all the psychological reactions of rival diplomats: who watched how he spoke, when he raised his voice, etc. Therefore, historians now know literally for minutes when the favorite of Princess Sophia, Prince Golitsyn, shouted at the Polish ambassadors "wielkim glosem" and when the head of the Polish delegation, the Poznan governor Krzysztof Grzymultowski, looked "hard" at the Lithuanian chancellor Oginsky.
200 thousand rubles. negotiations stuck - Moscow boyars rested and offered the Poles to go home. Those week defiantly prepared for departure, after which they reported that they agreed and 150 thousand. The next two weeks of negotiations saved Moscow another 4 thousand rubles. - As a result, two Slavic states traded 146 thousand.
This amount corresponded to about 10% of the annual budget of Russia at that time. But the problem was that it was required to collect and transfer silver cash to the Poles, that is, to transport 7 tons of precious metal across the border. As a result, a new diplomatic scandal arose when carts loaded with silver in May 1686 got stuck in the mud near Smolensk due to the spring debauchery.
Therefore, the Poles received their 7 tons of silver for Kyiv for a whole year in three receptions. Most of all To Moscow , they feared that the amounts paid would go to strengthen the Polish army. But the money received by Warsaw did not benefit - local tycoons immediately divided it among themselves. And Moscow, having bought Kyiv and the "eternal peace" with the Poles, immediately began to prepare the first campaign on. Crimea
1667: Andrusov peace with Poland and the return of part of the lands of Ukraine
The Andrusov truce is an agreement concluded in 1667 between the Russian kingdom and the Commonwealth and put an end to hostilities in the Russian-Polish war of 1654-1667.
On January 30 (February 9), 1667, in a village near Smolensk, the Andrusovsky truce was signed, ending the 13-year Russian-Polish war. According to him, Russia crossed Smolensk, as well as other lands that had previously departed for the Commonwealth during the Time of Troubles, including Dorogobuzh, Belaya, Nevel, Krasny, Velizh, Severskaya land with Chernigov and Starodub. Zaporozhskaya Sich passed under the joint management of Russia and Poland. In addition, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth recognized Russia's right to Left-Bank Ukraine, but the city of Kyiv was required to be returned to the Poles under the terms of the armistice.
They really did not want to give up the capital of Ancient Russia in Moscow - Kyiv, "the patrimony of our eternal sovereign," was a visual symbol of Moscow claims to all ancient Russian heritage. The Poles were bargained that the Russian garrison would remain in the city temporarily, "for a period of two years." To calm the Polish nobility, the Russian tsar promised to pay them 200 thousand rubles. compensation for the estates destroyed by the rebellious Cossacks.
As a result, the temporary turned out to be constant - for the next 20 years, Moscow, under various diplomatic pretexts, delayed the "return" of Kyiv.
Development of the North: Mangazeya and Nadym settlement in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
- Mangazeya is the first Russian polar city of the 17th century in Siberia.
- Nadym settlement
Serif features of the Russian state in the XVI-XVII centuries (serif)
Main article: Serif features of the Russian state in the XVI-XVII centuries (serif)
1618
1609: Outbreak of the Russo-Polish War
In 1609, the Russo-Polish war began, which lasted until 1618 and went down in history as the "Polish-Lithuanian intervention," during which the Polish-Lithuanian troops occupied the Moscow Kremlin and China City for two years - from 1610 to 1612.
Kazan priest Ermolai, who later became the famous patriarch Hermogen, in the terrible time of Troubles for Russia, led the struggle for the preservation of Russian statehood and was the ideological inspirer of the Russian militia.
Having received news from Moscow about the unbearable share of Muscovites under the occupation of Poles and Lithuanians - in Nizhny Novgorod, under the leadership of Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky and the headman of one of the districts of Nizhny Novgorod, Kozma Minin, a militia was assembled that hastened to save the capital.
1572: Poems of Ivan the Terrible in honor of the Presentation of the Icon of Our Lady of Vladimir
1505: Reprisal against the scientific intelligentsia under the guise of "heresy of the Jews"
1475: Seizure of Crimea by Turks upsets Ivan the Young's wedding to Mangup prince's daughter
Ivan III, after marrying the niece of the last Byzantine emperor Sophia Paleolog (1472), tried to strengthen the connection of the Rurikovich with the relatives of his second wife and marry his son from the first marriage of Ivan the Young to the daughter of the Mangup prince (principality of Theodoro in Crimea).
Negotiations in 1474 were successful, but the ambassadors of Ivan III who soon arrived in Crimea were no longer able to carry out the mission assigned to them, since in 1475 the capital of the principality, among many other Crimean cities, was besieged by the Turks who came to the peninsula.
The siege of Mangupta lasted six months. According to legend, Muscovites were among his defenders. After the fall of the capital, the principality, which fell under the rule of the Turks, quickly fell into disrepair.
14th century: About 250 principalities
In the middle of the XII century, there were 15 Russian principalities. At the beginning of the XIII century, on the eve of the invasion of Batu, there were already about 50 of them. In the XIV century, the number of principalities approached 250.
7th century: Slavic tribes
Main article: Slavs
Pre-Slavic cultures
115g
200 BC: Sarmatians, Finno-Ugric peoples, Evenks
640 BC: Scythians
Pit culture and the beginning of the settlement of Arias
IV thousand BC: Eneolite - Copper-Stone Age
Culture of Tripol
A striking and expressive example of Neolithic culture is the culture of Tripol, widespread in the 4 - 3 millennia BC in the south of the European part of Russia and Ukraine and in the territory of a number of Balkan countries.
The end of the Tripoli culture dates back to the Chalcolithic (Copper Age) and Bronze Age. Tripol settlements of farmers were most often located along the banks of rivers. Houses made of clay and wood, rectangular in plan, were probably covered with ornamental paintings on the inside. Dwelling models and small female figurines were found in the settlements. But the work of the Tripolians in the decoration of ceramics was especially rich and widespread. In terms of variety of forms and ornamentation, Tripolian ceramics are not inferior to either Egyptian or non-Asian. The Tripol vessels were made of bright yellow or orange clay; the body of the vessel is covered with a diverse, but almost always consisting of spiral-shaped lines, geometric ornament, executed with red, black, brown, white colors.
Dolmen culture in the West Caucasus
Neolithic
Main article: Neolithic in Russia
VII thousand BC: Elshan culture with the oldest ceramics in Europe
Main article: Elshan culture
Elshan culture - Eastern European subneolithic archaeological culture of the 7th millennium BC. e. The area covers the Middle Volga region (Samara, Ulyanovsk regions, Buzuluk district of the Orenburg region). The oldest ceramic culture in Europe.
Paleolith
Main article: Paleolithic in Russia
Sungir is an Upper Paleolithic site on the outskirts of Vladimir, where people lived more than 30 thousand years ago. Sungir was not permanently inhabited. It was a basic parking lot, where people lived for a while a year, and then returned again, for example, after a year or several years. A large number of deer bones and horn products were found in the parking lot: in all likelihood, hunters of large animals, mainly reindeer, periodically came here.
The territory of Russia before the appearance of hominids
Main article: The history of the Earth before the appearance of hominids
Special History Articles
Russia's Foreign Policy
Economic history of Russia
History of culture in Russia
History of crime
History of the regions of Russia
Old Russian measures of length
See also
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