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2024/02/22 10:18:21

Economy of Greece

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Content

The main articles are:

GDP

2022

Industry's share of GDP is less than 12.5%

Data for 2022

GDP size forecast - $0.22 trillion

Countries by GDP size in 2022, according to the IMF midyear forecast

2021

Agriculture's share of GDP - 3.9%

Data for 2021

GDP growth of 8.3%

At the end of 2021 GDP Greece , it increased by 8.3%. This was announced in mid-January 2022 by analysts of the international rating agency. Fitch According to them, the economy of the European country grew almost twice as much as expected.

The National Bank of Greece estimated the country's GDP growth at 7.2% at the end of 2021, which is significantly higher than the dynamics of the previous year. The bank noted that Greece's economic activity in 2021 was recovering at a rapid pace after a significant decline in 2020 due to restrictions imposed to prevent the further spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus. After the country reopened to travelers, its GDP recovered significantly in the second half of 2021.

Greece's GDP for 2021 grew twice as much as expected - by 8.3%

Fitch notes that the total level of overdue loans of large Greek banks fell sharply in 2021, falling to €20.9 billion from €60 billion a year earlier. The share of overdue loans decreased to 15% from 36.3%.

According to the European Commission report, Greece's real GDP reached its pre-pandemic level in the second quarter of 2021. The recovery was due to domestic demand, in particular investment, and the accumulation of reserves, and the ongoing fiscal stimulus played a decisive role in supporting the economy, the report said.[1]

Financial system

Key rate

Central Bank Interest Rates in Europe, July 2020

Non-financial debt

2022: Aggregate non-financial debt

Source: Spydell Finance, November 2022
Comparison of the 1 quarter of 2022 and the second quarter of 2008
Non-financial debt from September 2004 to March 2022

National debt

2023

Public debt - 177% of GDP
Data for September 2023
Ex-Minister of Finance of Greece called the country bankrupt with a public debt of 400 billion euros

In May 2023, the ex-Minister of Finance of Greece called the country bankrupt. He noted that recognition of bankruptcy of the state is a political issue.

As of December 31, 2022, the national debt of Greece amounted to €400 billion. Repayment is calculated until 2060, but economists consider this impossible.

2022: Foreigners leave the country's public debt, rates rise

In Europe, the number of external debt holders of PIGS countries - Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain - is sharply decreasing. As of December 2022, more than half of investors in them left
In October 2022, the yield on Greek government bonds exceeded 5%, which suggests that investors believe less in the solvency of this country

2021

2020:211% OF GDP

2018: State debt per capita $49.6 thousand

At the end of 2018

2017

The ratio of public debt to the country's GDP, 2017

External debt

According to Fitch, Greece's foreign debt decreased from 206.3% of GDP in 2020 to 198.4% of GDP in 2021.

Greek debt as of 1 April 2015

Inflation

2022

Inflation in July - 11.6%
Inflation in Europe in July 2022.
UK data - for June, inflation in July - 10.1%
Inflation in April - 10.2%

Inflation in Greece in April 2022 reached double digits for the first time in 27 years, driven by rising electricity and fuel prices.

Power

2023: Government contributions to pay for energy by citizens and companies reached 5% of GDP

State donations of European countries to pay for energy by citizens and companies from 2021 to January 2023, caused by the refusal of energy purchases from Russia

2022

Share of solar and wind power - 28.7%

As of October 2022

Rise in electricity prices due to pressure on Russia

from
Динамика роста цен на electric power August 1, 2021 to August 1, 2022 in countries Europe

2021: Oil is the main source of energy in the country

2020: Energy consumption per capita

and
Energy consumption per capita, including electricity, transport heating in 2019-2020

Energy carriers

2023: Moldova's Energocom buys Russian gas from Greece's DEPA Commercial, which receives it through Blue Stream

The Greek state-owned company DEPA Commercial in September 2023 won a tender for the supply of 100 million cubic meters of gas for Moldovan Energocom in the first quarter of 2024.

The cost of the purchased gas is not indicated, but the next loan EBRD for these needs amounted to 100 million euros.

At the same time, DEPA Commercial signed a contract with Gazprom"" for gas supplies until 2026: the Russian company supplies Greece about 2 billion cubic meters per year through Turkish stream"."

Greece also receives gas through the Trans-Adriatic gas pipeline from Azerbaijan, but, according to the Greek authorities, it provides only 20% of the country's gas needs.

Earlier, the chairman of the board of Moldovagaz, Vadim Cheban, said that Russian gas, purchased at exorbitant prices through European companies, was entering the country.

2020: Share of gas supplies from Russia more than 25%

Зависимость ряда the European countries from Russian gas, data for 2019 and 2020

Gasoline price

World Gasoline Price Map as of February 12, 2018

Oil tankers

Owners of oil tankers by country for April 2022

E-government

Salaries

2023: Minimum wage - $626

Minimum wage in countries of the world for January 2023

2018: Salaries of top officials in government management

Salaries of the first persons in the management of the state in Europe, data at the end of 2018

2017: Average monthly salary

Average monthly salary in Europe and Kazakhstan. Data for 2017

Labour market

2022: Proportion of workers aged 65 or over - less than 5%

Data for 2022

2015: More than 11.2% of workers work 60 or more hours a week

Data for 2015 Data for China - for 2009, for Russia - for 2010, for India - for 2011

Unemployment

2023: Youth unemployment 23.6%

2022: Unemployment rate - 12.3%

Безработица в countries EU and Britain for July 2022

2020: Unemployment rate - 19.9%

Countries around the world in terms of unemployment in 2020

Consumption

2023: Poultry meat is the most consumed type of meat

The most consumed type of meat (including fish and seafood) according to data available for June 2023.

2019

Pork is the most consumed type of meat

The most consumed type of meat at the end of 2019

Beer consumption in liters of strength 5%

Годовое потребление beer per capita population in liters with a 5% strength in 2019

2018

The number of cars per 1000 people of the population

For 2018

Per capita tea consumption per kg per year

Потребление tea per capita, population kg per year. Data for 2018

Milk consumption in liters per year per person

Milk consumption in liters per year per person. Data at the end of 2018

Beer consumption in liters per year per person

Потребление beer per capita data as of the end of 2018

Information Technology

Communication (Greek market)

Trade

2022: China trade deficit

2019: Computer Device Exports

The volume of exports of computer devices in countries of the world, 2019

2018

Data for 2018

Tourism

2023: Reduction of tourist flow from Russia by 1% to 35.7 thousand people

In 2023, the tourist flow from Russia to Greece amounted to 35.7 thousand people, which is 1% less than a year earlier. This is evidenced by the data of the Bank of Greece, published in February 2024.

According to the Prime agency, citing materials from the regulator, Greece's revenues from Russian tourists in 2023 decreased by 20.8% compared to 2022 - to 32.8 million euros. In total, tourism brought the country 20.46 billion euros in revenue at the end of 2023, which is 15.7% more than a year ago.

Tourist flow from Russia to Greece amounted to 35.7 thousand people

In 2023, 32.7 million people visited Greece for tourism, which is 17.6% higher than the result of the previous year. The tourist flow to the country turned out to be a record, and the previous maximum was dated 2019 - then before the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, the number of tourists in Greece reached 31.35 million people.

The tourist flow from the EU countries to Greece at the end of 2023 amounted to 19.64 million people, which is 15.6% more than a year earlier. As for non- YeS-27 countries, the tourist flow from Britain increased by 2.4% to 4.59 million travelers, and from the United States - by 29.2% to 1.41 million people.

Residents of EU countries accounted for 11.16 billion euros of Greek tourism revenues in 2023. Among non-EU countries, revenues from Britain increased by 5.8% to 3.31 billion euros, and from the United States - by 14.0% to 1.37 billion euros.

Prime recalls that against the background of European sanctions, Greece has stopped air traffic with the Russian Federation, in this regard, Russian tourists can enter the country only through third countries, including Turkey, Serbia, Egypt, the UAE, etc. According to the Association of Tour Operators of Russia (ATOR), the cost of a weekly tour to Greece for Russians by mid-2023 began at 125 thousand rubles. The main clients who are interested in this area are wealthy Russians, the association said.[2]

2022:28 million foreign tourists

2019

More than 2% of the population went on tourist trips. Albania is the most popular country

Data for 2019

How much Greece is dependent on tourism:% of the industry in GDP

Which countries are most dependent on tourism,% of the industry in GDP, 2019

2018: Tourism revenue

Data for 2018

Alcohol market

Minimum age to purchase alcoholic beverages

Data for 2018

R&D

2020: R&D spending - $2.4 billion

R&D expenses as of 2020

Agriculture

2019: Average use of pesticides in agriculture

As of 2019

Food industry

2021: Cheese production - 21.5kg per capita

Data for 2021

Notes