Mechanical Engineering in Russia

Main article: Industrial production in Russia

Car production

Main article: Car production in Russia

Aviation industry

Main article: Aviation industry of Russia

Machine-tool construction

Main article: Machine tool building in Russia

Chronicle

2026: The first Russian ship-loading machine presented

In January 2026, it became known about the creation of the first Russian ship-loading machine. The equipment created by SMM is designed for the new NSRZ Universal Refueling Complex. Read more here.

2025

The developer of radiation monitoring equipment "Dose Tech" received a loan of ₽2,3 billion for the construction of a new plant

The Moscow company Doza Tech, part of the Doza NPP, has attracted a preferential investment loan of ₽2,3 billion for the construction and equipping of an industrial complex for the production of radiation monitoring systems and equipment. The company will build a new plant at the Alabushevo site of the Technopolice Moscow special economic zone with the assistance of the Moscow Fund for Industry and Entrepreneurship Support. This was announced by the Deputy Mayor of Moscow in the Government of Moscow on Transport and Industry Maxim Liksutov in December 2025. Read more here.

Production of electric motors for cars, robots and aviation launched in Ulan-Ude

Concern "Radioelectronic Technologies" has expanded a series of compact high-performance electric motors for civil engineering, the automotive industry, aviation and robotics. The production of 15 models has been mastered, several more promising models are in development. This was announced at the end of November 2025. Read more here.

Amkor Group of Companies launched a new plant for the production of gas turbine equipment in Tatarstan for 1 billion rubles

On November 19, 2025, the first stage of the plant for the production and repair of gas turbine equipment was commissioned on the territory of the Turbine industrial park in Zelenodolsk. The total investment in the construction of the plant exceeded 1 billion rubles. Read more here.

Gazprom for ₽13 billion launched a plant for the production of turbine blades in Russia

Gazprom Energoholding has launched its own production of turbine blades in Russia. The foundry complex is located in the Uzlovaya special economic zone in the Tula region. The facility was built for two years on the principles of project financing. Investments in the project are estimated at more than ₽13 billion over the entire implementation period. Production capabilities will amount to 34 thousand castings per year after reaching full capacity. This became known on October 8, 2025. Read more here

Ministry of Industry and Trade: The state allocates ₽73,8 billion for electronic engineering, including the development of CAD

State investments in the development of Russian electronic engineering will amount to ₽73,8 billion in the period 2025-2027. This is stated in the materials of the Ministry of Industry and Trade to the final board of the department on July 7, 2025.

According to Interfax, such an investment provides for a comprehensive program for the development of electronic engineering. The funds will be directed to the development of equipment, chemicals, materials and computer-aided design systems for the creation of electronic components.

The Ministry of Industry and Trade said that the state allocates 73.8 billion rubles for the development of electronic engineering, including the creation of computer-aided design (CAD) systems

The program involves the development of production of more than 300 types of means and resources for the production of electronic components. This task will allow you to localize over 60% of the types of means and resources used in the manufacture of electronic components.

The Ministry of Industry and Trade intends to promptly use state support measures for all funds and resources mastered in production. The agency plans to develop an appropriate point system for assessing the level of localization of the production of funds and resources.

It is planned to include products in the list according to government decree No. 719, which defines the procedure and criteria for confirming the production of industrial products in Russia. The document applies to certain types of products of 28 industries.

The Ministry of Industry and Trade is working on measures to support demand for relevant electronic engineering products. Measures are also being considered to restrict access to similar means and resources of foreign production.

In 2024, ₽23,6 billion were invested under the electronic engineering development program. The funds were used to complete the development of two plants for the production of integrated circuits and photographic patterns - a lithographic apparatus and an image generator on photographic patterns.^[1]

In the Kaliningrad region for ₽580 million launched a new plant for the production of automobile bodies. They are made by industrial robots

In the Kaliningrad region, a new plant for the production of automobile bodies worth ₽580 million has been launched, of which ₽115 million are aimed at robotizing production. Production processes at the enterprise are fully automated, and body assembly is carried out by industrial robots. The plant, opened by the engineering company Grunwald in February 2025, is located on the territory of the Khrabrovo technopark. Read more here.

2024

Production of filters for internal combustion engines in Russia for the year increased by 1.2% to 21.3 million units

In 2024, the production of oil, gasoline and air filters for internal combustion engines in Russia reached 21.3 million units. This figure exceeded the result of 2023 by 1.2%. This is evidenced by the data of the analytical company Alto Consulting Group (ACG), released in January 2026.

Steady growth is explained by stable demand from the automotive industry, service centers, spare parts manufacturers, as well as the renewal of the fleet of vehicles, experts explain.

The production of filters for internal combustion engines in Russia for the year increased by 1.2%

The Central Federal District retained its leadership in terms of output, providing 46.2% of total production, or about 9.87 million units. This result is due to the concentration of large industrial enterprises, the availability of qualified personnel and a developed logistics infrastructure.

Significant production volumes were also provided by the North-West and Volga Federal Districts, focusing on domestic demand and supplies to neighboring regions. Other districts produced products mainly for local consumption.

ACG analysts highlighted the key drivers of the industry's growth in 2024: stable demand in the automotive sector, modernization of production lines, expansion of the range of filters for various types of engines, optimization of supply chains and support of domestic manufacturers under government programs.

Analysts' forecast indicates continued steady production growth in the coming years. The main production facilities will remain concentrated in the Central Federal District, while other regions will increase output to meet local demand. The main areas of industry development are called modernization of production facilities, expansion of assortment, optimization of logistics, cost reduction and development of export potential.^[2]

Sales of underground machinery in Russia for the year decreased by 29% to 3.3 thousand units.

Sales of underground machinery in Russia decreased by 29% in 2025 and amounted to 3.3 thousand units. This is evidenced by data from the analytical company BusinesStat, published in December 2025.

For the period from 2024 to 2025, sales decreased by 51%. In 2021, the volume was 3.4 thousand pieces. In 2022, there was an increase of 44% to 4.9 thousand units. In 2023, the increase continued by 37% to 6.7 thousand units. In 2024, a decrease of 31% to 4.6 thousand units was recorded.

The largest manufacturers of machines for underground work in Russia are:

• PJSC Uralmashzavod;
• Kopeysky Machine-Building Plant JSC;
• NAO "Nipigormash";
• JSC "Machine-Building Holding";
• LLC "Henkon Siberia."

The drop in demand is associated with a set of factors. Global prices for coal products decreased, which reduced the profitability of enterprises. A number of oil and gas projects have been suspended due to sanctions pressure. The cost of equipment has increased due to the rise in the cost of components and materials. The availability of loans has decreased in the context of high interest rates. The main phase of updating and expanding the fleet of cars, which took place in 2020-2023, has been completed.

The decline in equipment sales activity in 2024-2025 occurred after the dynamic growth of the market in previous years. The development of consuming industries contributed to an increase in demand. The implementation of investment programs in the coal, mining and oil and gas industries stimulated the purchase of equipment.

The high demand of enterprises for technology was ensured by the development of domestic production, as well as an increase in the presence of machines from China on the market. Chinese manufacturers offered competitive prices and short delivery times. This made it possible to quickly increase sales volumes in the Russian market.^[3]

Wholesale sales of binoculars and telescopes in Russia for the year decreased by 59% to ₽11,7 billion

The production of binoculars, monoculars and optical telescopes in Russia in 2024 amounted to ₽11,7 billion in value terms, which is 59.0% lower than in 2023. This is evidenced by data from the analytical company Alto Consulting Group, published in November 2025.

Astronomical instruments and optical microscopes were also included in the category of considered products. The Central Federal District maintained its leading position, providing 52.7% of total production in 2024. The concentration of production in the region is due to the presence of high-tech enterprises, research institutes, proximity to large consumers and transport hubs.

The production of binoculars and telescopes in Russia was estimated at 11.7 billion ₽

Alto Consulting Group analysts highlight several key factors in the sharp reduction in the production of optical devices:

• reduced commercial demand for mass models of household optics due to a decrease in purchasing power in the segment of amateur astronomy and hobbies;
• interruptions in the supply of high-precision optical components and import dependence of a number of units, which led to downtime of assembly lines;
• reorienting industrial orders and reducing defense and government purchases in segments where domestic optical solutions were previously present;
• devaluation and logistics costs, which directly affected the cost of production;
• reducing budget programs for supplying schools and universities with laboratory

equipment, which reduced the demand for microscopes and astronomical instruments.

Many enterprises demonstrate dependence on imported lenses, antireflection coatings and precision drives. Restricting access to critical imported components dramatically increases the cost of end products. Logistical problems increased the price of imported lenses and precision mechanisms, which, in the face of falling demand, acted as a catalyst for a decrease in production in monetary terms.^[4]

Wholesale sales of thermostats and pressure stabilizers for industrial enterprises in Russia soared by 42.5% over the year and reached ₽126,4 billion

The production of thermostats and pressure stabilizers in Russia in 2024 increased by 42.5% and reached ₽126,4 billion. This was announced by the analytical company Alto Consulting Group in October 2025.

The rapid growth indicates a significant expansion of the automatic control and regulation systems market. Domestic manufacturers have strengthened their positions thanks to the introduction of innovative technologies and the modernization of equipment. Active government support for the industry also contributed to the development.

Wholesale sales of thermostats and pressure stabilizers for industrial enterprises in Russia increased by 42.5% over the year

The Central Federal District became the key region forming the basis of production. It accounted for about 38.2% of the total volume of thermostats and stabilizers produced. The high concentration of radio electronics enterprises, instrument making and research centers ensures the development of automation in the region.

The development of the market for thermostats and automatic control devices is closely related to the digitalization of industry. The introduction of smart home systems and automation of production processes stimulate demand. In 2024, active demand is observed from power, mechanical engineering, housing and communal services and petrochemicals.

Growing interest in digital management and monitoring technologies has led to increased investment in capacity upgrades. This stimulated the production of devices with increased accuracy and energy efficiency. Manufacturers are mastering new technological solutions to increase product competitiveness.

Analysts highlighted several key factors that influenced production growth. Construction and industrial automation volumes increased. Import substitution and production localization are actively developing. The demand for domestic electronic components has grown. Support for enterprise digital transformation programs has had a positive impact. Export destinations to the CIS and Eastern Europe have expanded.^[5]

The production of cranes for industrial enterprises in Russia for the year decreased by 15% to 144 units

In 2024, the production of cantilever cranes in Russia decreased by 15.3%. The output was 144 pieces of equipment. This is evidenced by the data of the analytical company Alto Consulting Group, released in October 2025.

The Central Federal District retained its leadership in the production of industrial cranes. It accounted for 47.9% of the total output. The largest engineering enterprises of the industry are concentrated in the region.

Production of cranes for industrial enterprises in Russia decreased by 15% over the year

The decline in production is due to several factors:

1. Slowing down investment activity in the engineering sector.
2. Increase the cost of metal and components.
3. Reducing the volume of public procurement for infrastructure projects.
4. Difficulties with the supply of components for automation systems.
5. Period of adaptation to import substitution requirements.

Cantilever cranes are used in various industries. The equipment is used in heavy engineering and shipbuilding. Also, products are in demand in the warehouse logistics and construction sector.

Manufacturers are developing crane automation systems. Electromechanical control systems are being implemented. Remote control and monitoring technologies are being improved.

Cantilever cranes are compact. The equipment can be installed in confined spaces. It is possible to install on walls, columns or own supports.

The development of export supplies is considered a promising direction. Russian cranes can be supplied to the CIS countries. The markets of the Middle East are also of interest.

Analysts predict a gradual recovery of the industry in 2025-2026. The growth will be provided by the modernization of industrial enterprises. Capital investments in equipment will increase.^[6]

Sales of underground machinery in Russia for the year decreased by 31% to 4.6 thousand units

Sales of underground machinery in Russia in 2024 decreased by 31% to 4.6 thousand units against 6.7 thousand units in 2023. The decline in sales activity occurred after the dynamic growth of the market in previous years. This is evidenced by data from the analytical company BusinesStat, released in November 2025.

In 2020-2023, the main phase of updating and expanding the fleet of cars was completed. The high demand of enterprises for technology was ensured by the development of domestic production, as well as an increase in the presence of machines from China on the market.

The dynamics of the underground works machines market showed steady growth from 2020 to 2023. In 2020, sales amounted to 2.5 thousand units, in 2021 the figure increased by 38% to 3.4 thousand units, in 2022 the growth was 44% to 4.9 thousand units.

2023 was the peak, when sales increased by 37% to 6.7 thousand due to the development of consuming industries and the implementation of investment programs in the coal, mining and oil and gas industries. In 2024, the trend changed dramatically.

In 2024, imports of Chinese machinery for underground work decreased following a drop in overall equipment sales. Accompanying factors were the threat of secondary sanctions and difficulties with payments in international settlements.

Leading enterprises in the underground machinery industry are represented by several major players:

• PJSC Uralmashzavod;
• Kopeysky Machine-Building Plant JSC;
• NAO "Nipigormash";
• JSC "Machine-Building Holding";
• LLC "Henkon Siberia."

The decline in equipment purchases in 2024 affected all segments of the underground machinery market. Coal and mining companies have postponed plans to upgrade equipment amid market uncertainty.^[7]

The production of rubber and plastic processing equipment in Russia for the year increased by 22.6% and reached ₽2,6 billion

The volume of production of rubber and plastic processing equipment in Russia in 2024 increased by 22.6% compared to 2023 and amounted to ₽2,6 billion. This is evidenced by the data of the analytical company Alto Consulting Group, released in November 2025.

The main production center was the Central Federal District, which accounted for 33.7% of the total output. This confirms the sustainable leadership of the region in the field of mechanical engineering and the production of specialized equipment.

Production of rubber and plastic processing equipment in Russia increased by 22.6% over the year

The Russian industry of rubber and plastic processing equipment underwent significant changes in 2024. The market is gradually shifting towards more complex and energy efficient technologies, which stimulates the modernization of production lines and the development of domestic design solutions.

Alto Consulting Group analysts identify five main reasons for the growth of the industry:

• increasing the share of domestic components and components in the production of equipment;
• creation of automated control systems for rubber and plastic processing processes;
• development of the segment of robotic lines and smart industries;
• improving energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of equipment;
• wider range of machines for highly specialized industries.

Modern enterprises of the industry are focused on improving manufacturability, automation of processes and import substitution. There is an increase in domestic demand for domestic equipment - from extruders and molding machines to press and mixing equipment.

One of the key factors of positive dynamics is the increase in investment activity of enterprises. In 2024, many manufacturers allocated significant funds to the modernization of equipment, the introduction of automation systems and the development of new models of machines.^[8]

Wholesale sales of steam boilers in Russia for the year decreased by 2.0% to ₽78,3 billion

The volume of revenue from sales of Russian manufacturers of steam boilers and their parts in 2024 amounted to ₽78,3 billion, which is 2.0% lower than in 2023. This is evidenced by the data of the analytical company Alto Consulting Group, released in November 2025.

Production in the industry "Production of steam boilers and their parts" shows significant fluctuations throughout the year. The leader in terms of production was the Central Federal District, which occupied 64.4% of the Russian market.

In second place is the Siberian Federal District with a share of 25.4% of the total output. The Northwestern Federal District ranks third with 5.1%. The Southern and Ural Federal Districts have shares of 3.1% and 1.1%, respectively. The Volga Federal District closes the rating with a share of 0.9%.

In 2024, the largest increase in steam boiler production occurred in April and amounted to 407.9% compared to the same month in 2023. Such a sharp increase is due to the low base of 2023 and the recovery in demand after a period of instability.

The largest decline in production was recorded in November 2024 - the fall was 49.3% compared to the same month in 2023. This reflects the seasonal specifics of the industry and the impact of macroeconomic factors.

In December 2024, shipments of steam boilers and steam-producing boilers increased by 93.6% compared to November 2024. The volume of shipments amounted to 753.0 tons of steam per hour, which indicates a recovery in activity at the end of the year.

The dynamics of sales revenue demonstrates the uneven development of the industry in recent years. In 2021, revenue was ₽45,2 billion. In 2022, the figure rose to ₽55,9 billion, an increase of about 23%. In 2023, there was a significant jump to ₽79,9 billion, which meant an increase of 43%.

Production activity in the industry is characterized by high volatility by months. In January 2024, the growth rate of production was 44.8%. In February, the figure increased to 112.8%. March showed an increase of 181.7%, and April reached a peak of 407.9%.

In May, the growth rate slowed to 8.0%, and in June there was a decrease of 18.5%. July and August showed slight growth - 26.5% and 27.1%, respectively. In September, the growth rate was 22.3%, in October - 24.5%. November recorded a 49.3% drop, and December showed a minimum growth of 1.1%.^[9]

3% reduction in production of centrifugal pumps for water to 984.2 thousand units

The production of centrifugal pumps for the supply of liquids in Russia in 2024 amounted to 984.2 thousand units, which is 3.1% lower than in 2023. This is evidenced by data from the analytical company Alto Consulting Group, published in November 2025.

The decrease in production volumes occurred against the background of a significant increase in average producer prices. The Central Federal District maintained its market dominance, providing 87.2% of total output in 2024. The concentration of production in the region is explained by the presence of large engineering clusters, access to qualified personnel and developed logistics hubs.

The production of centrifugal pumps for water in Russia for the year decreased by 3% to 984.2 thousand units

In the period from 2022 to 2024, the average prices of manufacturers for centrifugal pumps increased by 42.0% - from ₽69 363.5 apiece to ₽98 508.3. In August 2025, the average price of manufacturers reached ₽71 625.6 apiece, showing an increase of 32.6% compared to July 2025. This trend reflects high market volatility and structural changes in the industry's value chain.

The increase in value is due not only to inflation, but also to the investments of manufacturers in research and development, product certification, warranty service and spare parts. The increase in the cost of imported components - bearings, mechanical seals, high-performance impellers and control units - significantly affected the cost of production.

Analysts highlight several reasons for the reduction in the production of pumping equipment. Demand is reoriented towards higher-margin industrial pumps, where customers have increased requirements for durability, energy saving and service support. The low-margin, price-sensitive segment of household and small pumps shows a decline in sales volumes.

Currency devaluation and logistical difficulties led to price volatility and frequent adjustments to producer selling prices. High dependence on imported components encourages companies to invest in local cooperation and the manufacture of key components in Russia.^[10]

Wholesale sales of hydraulic and pneumatic engines for industrial robots in Russia for the year increased by 17% and reached ₽24,2 billion

The production of hydraulic and pneumatic engines in Russia in 2024 reached ₽24,2 billion, which is 16.7% more than in 2023. This is evidenced by data from the analytical company Alto Consulting Group, published in November 2025.

The growth of the industry is due to an increase in demand from the machine-building complex, the construction sector, the oil and gas sector and other industries that are actively introducing automated systems and drives. The Central Federal District maintained its leading position, providing 54.4% of the total output. The dominance of the region is due to the high concentration of engineering enterprises and a developed production infrastructure.

Wholesale sales of hydraulic and pneumatic engines for industrial robots in Russia increased by 17% over the year

In the period from 2022 to 2024, the average prices of manufacturers for hydraulic and pneumatic power equipment decreased by 14.7% - from ₽13 781.3 per unit to ₽11 752.9. This trend reflects increased competition and increased efficiency of enterprises seeking to maintain market positions by modernizing production processes and optimizing costs.

In August 2025, a significant increase was recorded - the average price of manufacturers increased by 40.8% compared to July 2025 and amounted to ₽16 772.1 apiece. The jump in value is associated with an increase in the cost of materials, fluctuations in the exchange rate and an increase in demand for components for hydraulic systems in industry.

The hydraulic and pneumatic motor market is going through a period of active rearrangement. New technologies are developing, import substitution is increasing, and Russian enterprises are increasing their competencies in the production of components for complex technical systems.

The use of hydraulic cylinders in construction, agricultural and mining equipment, as well as in industrial robots, is expanding. There is a growing demand for energy efficient and reliable solutions that increase machine performance. Enterprises are undergoing modernization and introducing digital design technologies.^[11]

The production of lifts and conveyors in Russia over the year increased by 10% and reached 19.7 thousand units

The production of pneumatic and other continuous lifts and conveyors in Russia in 2024 amounted to 19.7 thousand units, an increase of 9.7% compared to 2023. This is evidenced by the data of the analytical company Alto Consulting Group, released in October 2025.

The growth demonstrates the steady interest of enterprises in automation and modernization of production processes, as well as an increase in the need for efficient transportation of goods and materials. The Central Federal District became the leader of production, providing 30.9% of the total output.

Production of lifts and conveyors in Russia increased by 10% over the year

The concentration of production in the Central Federal District is due to the developed industrial infrastructure. The presence of large enterprises for the production of transport equipment forms the technological base. Proximity to the main industrial centers reduces logistics costs.

Regional specialization provides access to qualified personnel and research institutes. The engineering enterprises of the district have accumulated competencies in the design and production of conveyor systems.

For the period from 2022 to 2024, the average cost of lifts and conveyors among manufacturers increased by 9.0%. The price increased from ₽282 855.4 apiece to ₽308 319.3 apiece. The modest rise in cost reflects a balance between rising costs and competition in the market.

The increase in the cost of materials and components affected the cost of production. Rolled metal, bearings, electric motors and control systems rose in price during the period under review. Rising energy and logistics costs increased manufacturers' operating costs.

Increased demand for automated equipment for enterprises in various industries has allowed manufacturers to partially transfer costs to the final price. Inflation processes and adjustment of producer prices took place gradually. Technological updating of equipment and the introduction of innovative solutions have added product functionality.^[12]

Wholesale sales of industrial furnaces in Russia soared by 48% over the year and reached ₽11,1 billion

The production of industrial and laboratory furnaces in Russia in 2024 reached ₽11,1 billion. This is 48.4% higher than in 2023. This is evidenced by data from the analytical company Alto Consulting Group, published in 2025.

This growth has become one of the most significant in the field of domestic engineering. The results confirm the recovery in demand for high-tech equipment. Enterprises are expanding production facilities.

The annual volume of wholesale sales of industrial furnaces in Russia increased by 48%, amounting to 11.1 billion rubles

The Central Federal District remains the key region for the production of this type of product. Its share was about 42.1% of the all-Russian volume. The region has a developed industrial infrastructure and qualified personnel.

The high concentration of electrical engineering enterprises makes the district the center of innovation. Technologies in the field of industrial heating are developing here. New equipment models are created for different industries.

In the period 2022-2024, the market underwent major structural changes. Previously, the focus was on imported technology. In recent years, Russian manufacturers have been actively mastering the production of modern equipment.

The companies produce induction, dielectric and thermal equipment. It is able to compete in quality with foreign counterparts. Russian products are gradually replacing imported supplies.

The production of industrial furnaces and chambers is growing due to several factors. The domestic equipment market is expanding. Export supplies to the CIS and Eastern Europe are being sold. Russian manufacturers are entering new markets.

There is a correction in product prices. In 2022-2024, average producer prices decreased by 25.1%. They decreased from ₽5 190,960 per MW to ₽3 886,081,7 per MW. This indicates an increase in the efficiency of production processes.^[13]

The production of tanks and tanks in Russia decreased by 9.2% to 526 thousand units

In 2024, the production of plastic tanks and tanks in Russia decreased to 525.6 thousand units. The drop was 9.2% compared to 2023. This is evidenced by the data of the analytical company Alto Consulting Group, released in October 2025.

The Central Federal District retained its leadership in the production of tank equipment. It accounted for 44.1% of the total output. The largest industrial enterprises of the industry are concentrated in the region.

Production of tanks and tanks in Russia decreased by 9.2%

Average producer prices showed growth between 2022 and 2024. The cost increased by 15.5%. Unit price rose from ₽8 782 to ₽10 146.

In July 2025, an average price decline of 4.3% was recorded. The figure was ₽9 935 apiece. Value adjustment is associated with market stabilization and a decrease in seasonal demand.

Plastic tanks are used in the industrial sector. The equipment is used for storage of chemicals and process fluids. Also, products are in demand in agriculture.

The utility sector buys water tanks. The equipment is used in sewage and fuel systems. Energy companies use tanks for technical fluids.

Manufacturers are introducing modern polymer materials. Designs with increased UV resistance are being developed. Improved resistance of products to aggressive environments.

Analysts at Alto Consulting Group predict a gradual recovery of the industry in 2025-2026. Production volumes are expected to stabilize. Demand for water and chemical tanks will increase.^[14]

The production of drilling machines in Russia decreased by 30% to 30.2 billion rubles

In 2024, the volume of production of drilling machines in Russia decreased by 30%. The total cost of production amounted to ₽30,2 billion. This is evidenced by the data of the analytical company Alto Consulting Group, released in October 2025.

The Ural Federal District retained its leadership in the production of drilling equipment. It accounted for 73.9% of the total output. The largest engineering enterprises of the industry are concentrated in the region.

In Russia, the output of drilling equipment decreased by a third

The main reasons for the reduction in steel production:

1. Temporary decline in investment activity in the oil and gas sector.
2. Correction of orders volumes by exploration companies.
3. Increase the cost of production by 15% for the period 2022-2024.
4. Rising prices for metal and electronic components.
5. Structural restructuring of the market towards more automated equipment.
6. Manufacturers of drilling machines are focused on the production of multifunctional systems. Special attention is paid to energy efficiency and reliability of equipment. The equipment is adapted to the harsh climatic conditions of operation.

Digital monitoring and telemetry systems are being developed. Technology allows real-time monitoring of drilling rig performance. This improves the performance of the equipment.

The Ural Federal District remains a key industrial center of the industry. Leading machine-building plants operate in the region. A research base has been developed to create innovative drilling technologies.

The Siberian Federal District makes a significant contribution to production. The Central Federal District is also developing the production of drilling equipment. Modernization of enterprises is being carried out in the regions.

Analysts at Alto Consulting Group predict a recovery in production volumes by 2027. The indicator is expected to grow by 15-20%. Investment in infrastructure projects will increase.^[15]

Production of escalators in Russia for the year increased by 64% and reached 23 units

The production of escalators in Russia increased by 64.3% and reached 23 units in 2024. This is evidenced by the data of the analytical company Alto Consulting Group, released in October 2025.

The growth of production is associated with the intensification of the construction sector and an increase in the volume of projects for the modernization of transport infrastructure. In 2023, Russian enterprises produced 14 escalators. The increase in output reflects a recovery in investment activity in the country.

Production of escalators in Russia increased by 64% over the year

The Northwestern Federal District became the leader in terms of production. It accounted for 65.2% of all escalators produced in the country. The largest production enterprises are concentrated in the region. They provide supplies for subways and shopping and entertainment complexes.

The Central Federal District ranks second in terms of output. Production sites are actively developing in Moscow and the Moscow region. The Volga District is showing stable growth in the segment of industrial and transport escalators.

The share of domestic producers in the total volume of supplies to the Russian market reached 58%. This is 9 percentage points higher than in 2023. Russia is moving towards the goal of fully localizing the production of escalators.

The growth in production is due to the implementation of programs for the development of subways in large cities. The construction of new stations and the modernization of transport hubs create a demand for equipment. An additional growth driver was the development of shopping centers, airports and train stations.

The production facilities of Russian enterprises were almost completely involved in 2024. The industry has reached a stable level of loading. Public and private investment in transportation projects has grown.^[16]

Production of steam turbines in Russia soared to 45.1% and reached 3,293,8 megawatts

The production of steam turbines and other steam turbines in Russia reached 3,293,8 megawatts in 2024. The figure is 45.1% higher than the previous year. Significant growth in volumes is due to investments in the modernization of the country's energy capacity. The expansion of production facilities at leading enterprises supported the dynamics. The Northwestern Federal District is the main production region with a share of about 49.9% of the total volume. This is evidenced by data from a study by Alto Consulting Group, published in October 2025.

The industry segment is of strategic importance to the economy. Steam turbines remain a key element in the power, metallurgy and chemical industries. Production directly reflects the level of technical development and investment activity in the energy sector. The Leningrad Region has concentrated the capacities of the largest turbine-building plants. St. Petersburg has enterprises with many years of mechanical engineering traditions. The concentration of qualified personnel and engineering schools ensures the technological leadership of the region.

Production of steam turbines in Russia soared by 45.1%

Increased demand from energy companies is driving turbine production. The modernization of old stations requires the replacement of exhausted equipment. Thermal power plants are updating turbine plants to improve efficiency. The development of internal engineering and the localization of the production of components reduce dependence on imports. Critical components and parts are manufactured at Russian plants. Investments in innovative technologies increase the efficiency of turbines and their life. Modern blade materials withstand higher steam temperatures.

Government programs to support the engineering industry provide subsidies to manufacturers. Concessional lending reduces the financial burden on enterprises during modernization. Factors ensured not only quantitative growth, but also an increase in product quality. Russian turbines successfully compete in the international market in terms of technical characteristics. Reliability and durability of domestic equipment is confirmed by operating experience.^[17]

Reduction in gas turbine production in Russia by 39.5%

The production of gas turbines in Russia, with the exception of turbojet and turboprop models, amounted to 556 megawatts in 2024. The figure is 39.5% less than in the previous year. The Volga Federal District became the leader among the regions in terms of production. The county's share was about 46.8% of total output. The high concentration of industrial enterprises ensures the dominance of the region. This is evidenced by data from a study by Alto Consulting Group, published in October 2025.

The decline in production is explained by a complex of economic and technology factors. The availability of skilled labor in the Volga region contributes to the production of complex power plants. Manufacturers simultaneously focus on improving the quality of equipment in the face of reduced overall output. Expanding the functionality of turbines requires investment in research. Preparations for the modernization of existing energy facilities are underway at the plants. Global efficiency trends influence the development of new models. The environmental friendliness of gas turbine plants is becoming an important competitive advantage.

Gas turbine production in Russia decreased by 39.5% over the year

The reasons for the reduction in gas turbine production in Russia:

• Reduced investment in energy infrastructure.
• Adjustment of plans for the construction of new gas turbine stations.
• Temporary technological limitations at enterprises.
• High production complexity.
• The need for high qualification of personnel.
• Sanctions restrictions on the import of components.
• Competition with imported turbines of previous years.

The state of the energy industry directly affects the demand for gas turbines. The pace of construction of new stations determines the volume of orders for manufacturers. Upgrading existing facilities also creates a need for equipment. Gas turbine plants are used in thermal power plants to generate electricity. Combined cycle with steam turbine increases efficiency. Cogeneration allows you to simultaneously receive electricity and heat for consumers.^[18]

Production of industrial fans in Russia for the year soared by 56% to 1.1 million units

The volume of production of industrial fans in Russia reached 1.14 million units in 2024. The figure is 56% higher than the previous year. Significant growth demonstrates the revival of the industry after a period of stagnation. Sustained demand from key consumers confirms the market recovery. The Central Federal District became the main leading region with a share of 50.8% of the total output. This is evidenced by data from a study by Alto Consulting Group, published in early October 2025.

The concentration of production in the Central Federal District is explained by the developed industrial base of the region. Access to logistics infrastructure provides benefits to manufacturers. The presence of large enterprises focused on the production of ventilation equipment strengthens the position of the district. Clustering production creates economies of scale. Cooperation between enterprises increases the efficiency of supply chains.

The annual dynamics of industrial fan production in Russia showed an increase of 56%, the volume of production amounted to 1.1 million units

Average manufacturer prices for fans rose 9.1% between 2022 and 2024. The cost increased from ₽27 845.1 apiece to ₽30 385.8 apiece. Moderate price increases reflect a gradual increase in production costs. July 2025 saw a particularly marked jump in value. Prices rose 7.4% from June to reach ₽39 811.0 apiece. The sharp increase is associated with a change in market conditions and increased demand.

The development of the industrial fan market is determined by a set of factors. The state of the construction and industrial sector forms the main demand for equipment. New factories, shopping centers and office buildings need ventilation systems. Technological development ensures increased energy efficiency of products. Modern fans consume less power at the same performance.^[19]

Growth in revenue of small and medium-sized businesses in the field of engineering up to ₽4,6 trillion

The annual revenue of small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of mechanical engineering in Russia increased to ₽4,6 trillion by the end of 2024. This was announced by the Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) on September 30, 2025.

According to her estimates, in three years the number of segment companies increased by 14.4% and exceeded 46 thousand by the end of 2024. The growth rate of the number of companies has accelerated in recent years. The annual increase increased from 2-3% to 5%. The growth rate of SMEs in mechanical engineering exceeds the indicators of the segment of small and medium-sized businesses as a whole, where the growth over three years amounted to 12.7%.

The revenue of small and medium-sized businesses in the field of engineering for the year increased to ₽4,6 trillion

Alexander Isaevich, CEO of SME Corporation, noted the peculiarities of the development of the industry. According to him, mechanical engineering is traditionally associated with big business. In recent years, there has been an active growth in the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in this area. SMEs in mechanical engineering are more stable than business in other industries. The average age of such companies is 9.5 years, while in the overall SME sector the figure is 7.7 years.

Alexander Isaevich named the key drivers for the development of the segment. The increase in demand for machine-building products occurred against the background of the departure of foreign manufacturers from the domestic market. The need for import substitution stimulates the growth of enterprises. The targeted support of such companies from the state contributes to the expansion of production. Favorable conditions create prerequisites for the further development of the industry.

For three years, SMEs in the field of mechanical engineering attracted about ₽196 billion under the National Guarantee System. The operator of the NLF is the SME Corporation. Almost 50% of engineering enterprises received funding through the tools of the SME Corporation. The availability of credit resources allows companies to modernize production and master the production of new products.^[20]

Mechanical engineering in Russia grew by 15% over the year and reached ₽17 trillion

Russian engineering in 2024 reached an all-time high, increasing production by 15% to ₽17 trillion. The industry surpassed pre-crisis levels in 1990 for the first time in 35 years, showing steady growth. This became known in March 2025.

According to Vedomosti, the growth of mechanical engineering was the result of a consistent policy of import substitution and the development of domestic production. The share of mechanical engineering in the country's total industrial output increased from 11% in 2022 to 14% in 2024.

Mechanical engineering in Russia for the year increased by 15%

The development of mechanical engineering in 2024 is characterized by a significant increase in production in key sectors. The volume of electronics production has doubled, which indicates an increase in the technological potential of the industry. The production of ships and aircraft increased by 64%, reflecting the high demand and active renewal of the transport fleet. The production of electrical equipment showed an increase of 30%, which is associated with the expansion of industrial production and the development of the energy sector. The production of passenger cars increased by 39%, which is due to the stabilization of the market and the growth of consumer demand.

Inna Lola, Deputy Director of the Center for Market Studies at the Higher School of Economics, noted the strategic role of mechanical engineering in strengthening the country's technological sovereignty. More than 40% of enterprise managers assessed the impact of sanctions pressure as neutral-positive.

Director of the Center for Macroeconomic Analysis Vladimir Salnikov identified three main growth factors: recovery from the recession of 2022, consistent import substitution and an increase in defense production. The government predicts that the growth rate will remain at 7-9% annually until 2027.

An important area of ​ ​ development was the automotive industry. In 2024, 1.07 million cars left Russian conveyors, which is 39% more than in 2023. AvtoVAZ increased production to 525,000 cars against 367,000 in 2021.^[21]

Production of steam turbines in Russia increased by 34.1% to 3.04 million kW

In 2024, the production of steam turbines and other steam turbines in Russia reached a capacity equivalent of 3.04 million kW. This is a third - 34.1% - more than the previous year, when the figure was estimated at 2.27 million kW. Such data are provided in the Rosstat report, which TAdviser got acquainted with at the end of February 2025.

The analytical company Tebiz Group notes that one of the features of the market under consideration in the Russian Federation is the emphasis on localizing production and reducing dependence on imports, which is important in light of the emerging geopolitical situation. In addition, there has been an increase in interest in innovative technologies and developments aimed at improving the efficiency and reliability of steam turbines. On the other hand, the instability of the economic situation creates certain risks for industry participants. Among the significant players in the Russian steam turbine market are named:

Production of steam turbines in Russia increased by a third

• Ural Turbine Plant JSC;
• Power Machines OJSC;
• JSC "RAPH";
• JSC "Kaluga Power Engineering Plant";
• LLC "Ural Plant" Neutron ";
• Mashkomplekt LLC;
• LLC SPT"";
• OJSC Kaluga Turbine Plant.

In the structure of the steam turbine market in 2024, domestic production exceeded the volume of imported supplies by 17 times, and the trade balance was positive. The Northwestern Federal District demonstrates the highest production performance.

In general, against the background of the transition to sustainable types of energy and the renewal of energy infrastructure, steam turbines continue to be a key element in the production of electricity in Russia. Investments in upgrading and replacing obsolete equipment are driving demand for high-quality equipment, opening up new prospects for manufacturers and suppliers.^[22]

Production of automotive engines increased by 12.2% to 226 thousand units

In 2024 Russia , about 226 thousand internal combustion engines for vehicles were produced in. This is 12.2% more than in the previous year. Such data were released by the Federal state Statistics Service in early February 2025. Rosstat

The figures given cover power units that are produced for delivery to automotive plants or to the secondary market. According to estimates, in 2021, approximately 342 thousand were manufactured in Russia. ICE. In 2022, a drop of 33.1% was recorded with a final result of 228 thousand units. Such a sharp decline is associated with a worsening geopolitical situation, which provoked a decrease in activity in the Russian automotive market and an increase in prices. According to the analytical agency Avtostat, the volume of the sector of new passenger cars in the Russian Federation at the end of 2022 amounted to 626,281 units, which is 58.7% less than a year earlier.

Production of automotive engines in the Russian Federation increased by 12.2%

In 2023, the fall in the production of automobile engines in Russia continued: about 202 thousand engines were delivered, which is about 11% less compared to 2022. In 2024, the sector began to show signs of recovery: in particular, in December, the volume of ICE output showed an increase of 8.2% on an annualized basis - up to 18.3 thousand units.

In addition, in 2024, projects were implemented in Russia to launch new ICE production facilities. Thus, the Chinese automaker Great Wall Motor (GWM), which produces cars under the Haval brand in the Russian Federation, commissioned an enterprise for the production of automobile engines at the site of the Uzlovaya industrial park in the Tula region. The complex covers an area of ​ ​ more than 10 thousand square meters. The plant organized the production of power units with a volume of 1.5 and 2 liters in full cycle mode.^[23]

The first production of asynchronous traction motors for trains in Russia has been launched. ₽6,7 billion invested in it

On November 19, 2024, it became known that TMH-Electrotech opened in Novocherkassk the first production of asynchronous traction motors of four types for railway transport in Russia. The total investment in the project amounted to ₽6,7 billion. Read more here.

A plant for the production of components for road, drilling, quarry and logging equipment was built in the Moscow region

In the Moscow region, in the Dolgoprudny urban district, a new plant was built for the production of components for road, drilling, quarry and logging equipment. The project was implemented by UDT-Technika LLC as part of the regional import substitution support program "Earth for 1 ruble." This was reported by the press service of the Ministry of Investment, Industry and Science of the Moscow Region at the end of October 2024. Read more here.

In Kurgan for ₽1 billion launched a plant for the production of loaders

In mid-October 2024, the grand opening of a new loader plant took place in Kurgan. The company ITM Power Transmissions LLC, which is part of the Kurgandormash structure, is located on the territory of the former ZhBI-2 plant on Mashinostroiteley Avenue. The total investment in the project amounted to more than ₽1 billion. Read more here

Russian mechanical engineering has almost doubled production in three years

The volume of mechanical engineering in monetary terms in Russia in the first quarter of 2024 reached 560.1 billion rubles. This is almost double the result of three years ago. So, in the first quarter of 2021, an indicator of 295.2 billion rubles was recorded. Such data are given in the report of the Institute for Statistical Research and Economics of Knowledge of the Higher School of Economics, which was published on June 27, 2024.

It is noted that in connection with the formed geopolitical situation, the engineering industry received a powerful impetus for development. According to the results obtained during the study, more than 40% of enterprises in Russia have "very high" and "high" potential for implementing the process of producing import-substituting products. Nearly 60% of companies have a "high" and "medium" level of readiness for the use of new technologies, while more than 40% of industries funded projects for their implementation. About a third (31%) of companies faced the need to invest in technological development.

According to the results of the first quarter of 2024, the number of organizations specializing in the production of machinery and equipment reached 14.8 thousand. This is 2.5% more compared to the same period in 2023. The number of medium and large organizations in January 2024 compared to January 2021 rose by 11.5% and amounted to 882. During the same period, the number of large and medium-sized enterprises for the production of machines, machines and equipment for the processing of metals and other solid materials increased from 25 to 29.

According to estimates, in January-April 2024, a total of 18.6 thousand machines were produced in the Russian Federation. Of these, metal-cutting installations accounted for 15.5% (about 2.9 thousand pieces), woodworking - 13% (2.4 thousand), turning, boring and milling metal-cutting - 9.8% (1.8 thousand), machine tools for removing burrs, grinding, grinding or machine tools for other metal refinement - 6.6% (1.2 thousand), woodworking round-saw, ribbon and cutting machines - 6.1% (1.1 thousand). Most of all, "other metalworking machines" were produced - 3.4 thousand units, or 18.4%.^[24]

2023

2.7% reduction in production of turbochargers for aircraft and ships to 1,137 units

The production of turbochargers in Russia in 2023 amounted to 1137 units, a decrease of 2.7% compared to 2022. This is evidenced by the data of the analytical company Alto Consulting Group, released in October 2025.

The decrease in volume is due to fluctuations in demand for industrial and automotive equipment, as well as the adaptation of domestic manufacturers to new economic and logistics conditions. The Northwestern Federal District became a key leading region, providing 15.0% of total output.

Production of turbochargers for aircraft and ships in Russia for the year decreased by 2.7%

Over the period from 2022 to 2024, the average cost of turbochargers among manufacturers almost doubled - by 99.7%. The price increased from ₽861 629.3 apiece to ₽1 720,760,8 apiece. The rise in price reflects the trend towards an increase in the cost of high-tech equipment and the active introduction of innovative solutions.

In May 2025, the average price of manufacturers decreased by 3.6% compared to April and amounted to ₽2 117,133,6 apiece. The adjustment indicates market stabilization after a period of intense value growth.

The double increase in prices was the result of an increase in the cost of components, the introduction of modern technologies and an increase in the quality characteristics of products. Manufacturers are transferring the increased costs to the final cost of equipment.

The Northwestern Federal District holds the lead in the production of turbochargers in Russia. The concentration of production is explained by the high level of technological equipment of enterprises and the availability of developed transport infrastructure for supplies both to the domestic market and to export.

The region has specialized plants focused on innovative solutions and high-tech equipment. The ability to quickly supply products provides competitive advantages to local manufacturers.^[25]

The volume of production of videos for production lines in Russia for the year increased by 16.4% and reached 6 billion rubles

The volume of production of videos for production lines in Russia in 2023 increased by 16% and reached 6 billion rubles. This is evidenced by the data that the analytical agency "GuideMarket" published in October 2024.

According to the study, the rise in production of conveyor rollers indicates that the market continues to develop, but the growth rate is beginning to slow down. The main factors remain the further implementation of import substitution programs, as well as the modernization of existing production facilities, analysts add.

The volume of the Russian rail engineering market for the year reached ₽1 trillion

The Russian railway engineering market, including track equipment, service and spare parts, reached a volume of ₽1 trillion at the end of 2023. Analysts (they released their data in September 2024) predict tenfold growth by 2030.

According to Rollingstock Agency (RSA), the market for rail rolling stock in the period from 2024 to 2030 will exceed ₽7 trillion, and taking into account components and service, it can reach ₽10 trillion.

The volume of the Russian rail engineering market amounted to 1 trillion rubles per year

Managing partner and co-founder of RSA Alexander Polikarpov stressed: "The market for trunk diesel locomotives in 2024-2030 will amount to ₽450-510 billion, which includes the purchase of more than 2 thousand sections - about 300 sections annually."

Russian Railways plans to acquire up to 10 thousand locomotives by 2035. In the shunting locomotive segment, about 210 units are expected to be purchased annually, with a total volume of 1.4 thousand units worth ₽165 -185 billion until 2030.

Mikhail Burmistrov, director of Infoline Analytics, notes a steady demand for updating the fleet of shunting locomotives in industry. The emergence of an import-substituted TEM23 model with a KamAZ engine worth ₽100 million makes buying more profitable than renting.

In the passenger segment, annual deliveries of 700 locomotive traction cars and 1,000 units of motor-car rolling stock are predicted. The market size until 2030 is estimated at ₽650 -720 billion and ₽1,1 -1.2 trillion, respectively.

The tram market is also showing an excess of demand over supply. According to the RSA, the demand is more than 4 thousand units with a total value of ₽450 -480 billion. In the metro segment, demand is expected for 350 cars per year with a market volume of ₽440 -490 billion until 2030.

The successful implementation of forecasts depends on the introduction of long-term contracts and a reduction in the key rate to increase the attractiveness of leasing and investments in the development of the component base.^[26]

Decline in internal combustion engine production by 10.8% to 202.4 thousand units

The production of internal combustion engines in Russia decreased by 10.8% in 2023, amounting to 202.4 thousand units. The continued decline in production became known in November 2024 from official statistics.

According to Rosstat, the December engine output amounted to 17.1 thousand units, which demonstrates a decrease of 0.4% compared to December 2022 and 6.5% compared to November 2023. A decline in production is observed in all federal districts of the country.

The production of internal combustion engines in Russia for the year decreased by 10.8%

The average annual rate of decline in production for the period 2017-2023 reached 5.8%. Production indicators decreased significantly after the peak value of 2021, when 341.7 thousand engines were produced.

The Central Federal District maintains its leadership in the industry, providing 47.5% of all-Russian production. The Volga Federal District follows it with a share of 46.6% of the total output over the past six years.

According to Rosstat, despite the reduction in production, engine prices continue to rise. The average cost in January 2023 reached ₽249,9 thousand per unit, an increase of 21.9% compared to January 2021. At the same time, there is an optimization of warehouse stocks: the volumes stored by manufacturers decreased by 53.1% by January 2022, amounting to 3.9 thousand units.

The decline in internal combustion engine production reflects general structural changes in the Russian automotive industry. In 2022, output decreased by 33.3% compared to the previous year, continuing negative dynamics in 2023.

The downward trend in the production of internal combustion engines is observed in all federal districts, which reflects large-scale changes in the structure of the automotive industry in Russia.^[27]

The volume of the Russian escalator market for the year increased by 22.2% to 605 units

In October 2024, it became known about the growth of the Russian market for escalators and moving pedestrian paths. At the end of 2023, the market volume increased by 22.2% compared to 2022, reaching 605 units of installed equipment.

According to the analytical company GuideMarket, this growth indicates the beginning of the market recovery after a serious decline in 2022. By comparison, in 2022, the market size was only 495 units, which is significantly lower than in 2019, when 1,039 units of equipment were installed.

Experts note that the main factors that influenced the decline in market volumes in 2022 were restrictions on the import of equipment from abroad and the departure of many large players from the Russian market. However, already in 2023, positive trends were outlined, indicating a gradual exit of the industry from the crisis.

Analysts at GuideMarket predict that in the coming years the Russian market for escalators and moving tracks will show ambiguous dynamics. To further restore and develop the market, it is necessary to develop domestic production and support from the state, including subsidies and benefits for manufacturers.

Experts see new opportunities for market growth in the growing demand for the modernization of outdated equipment, the integration of digital technologies into escalators and moving paths, as well as in the expansion of the geography of equipment installation due to the development of infrastructure in remote areas of the country.

Despite the current challenges, the industry has good prospects for recovery and further growth. It is expected that the development of domestic production will reduce dependence on imports and create competitive products on the Russian market.

Experts also note the importance of introducing innovative technologies into the production of escalators and moving tracks. Integration of digital solutions can increase the efficiency and security of equipment, which will be an additional incentive for market growth in the future.^[28]

Bearing production in Russia increased by 29.5% to 114.4 million units

In 2023, 114.4 million bearings were produced in Russia. This is 29.5% more than in the previous year, when the volume of production of these products amounted to 88.4 million units. The main drivers of the industry are the high demand for such products and comprehensive measures of support from the state. Market trends are addressed in the BusinesStat survey published in mid-October 2024.

The study takes into account bearings of various types, including ball and roller. Significant players in the domestic market are Tek-Kom Production LLC, GPZ LLC, Emas-Turbo LLC, PJSC Pskov Mechanical Drive Plant and GPZ-77 LLC.

According to estimates, 92.3 million bearings were manufactured in Russia in 2019. In 2020, a 5.7% drop was recorded with a final result of 87.1 million units. The decrease in production was associated with both a decrease in demand for products and a reduction in capacity due to the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictive measures. In 2021, the production of bearings recovered to the level of 2019, amounting to 93.9 million units, which is 7.8% more on an annualized basis.

In 2022, bearing production in Russia decreased by 5.8% and amounted to 88.4 million units. The decrease is mainly due to the departure from the Russian Federation of foreign companies, either directly engaged in the manufacture of products within the country, or which were their consumers. The most acute was the departure of manufacturers of cassette bearings used in car building. Manufacturers such as EPK-Brenko Bearing Company LLC, SKF LLC and Timken UWC LLC worked in partnership with Amsted Rail, SKF and Timken, respectively. Temporary deliveries of cassette bearings were replaced by Chinese companies. In 2023, the market returned to growth - including thanks to government support programs.^[29]

Bearing production for the year soared by 26.3% to 61.2 million units

In 2023, the production of ball and roller bearings in Russia reached 61.2 million units. This is 26.3% more than in the previous year, when 48.5 million products were manufactured. Such data are given in the review of the analytical agency "GuideMarket," published in early September 2024.

The study says that in 1990, 1.17 billion rolling bearings were produced in the USSR, which almost completely covered the needs of the country's domestic market. Products were also exported, occupying a significant niche in the global market. However, between 1990 and 2010, there was a multiple reduction in the production of machine-building products, which led to the cessation of the production of some types of bearings and a decrease in the quality of the rest. As a result, after 2000, the production of ball and roller bearings in Russia showed stable negative dynamics.

The situation began to change due to the serious deterioration of the international landscape of geopolitics and the instability of world markets. The successful implementation of the import substitution program makes Russia less dependent on external factors, as well as on measures taken by other states to curb the development of the national economy. Against this background, in 2022, the volume of production of ball and roller bearings in the Russian Federation rose by 16.3% compared to 2021.

The positive trend in demand for rolling bearings in Russia is explained by several key factors. Among them are the development of domestic engineering against the background of sanctions and import substitution in various sectors of the economy, an increase in the production of the military-industrial complex in connection with a special operation, as well as an increase in demand from the railway sector.^[30]

Notes