The policy of the state on development of a blockchain in Russia

Main articles:

• Blockchain
• Blockchain in Russia
• Blockchain technology (market of Russia)
• Blockchain in Banks of Russia

Blockchain - one of end-to-end technologies of digital economy

Main article: End-to-end technologies of digital economy

The road map of development of technologies of the distributed register (blockchain)

Main article: The road map of development of technologies of the distributed register (blockchain)

2020: Pravkomissiya approved road maps of development of Internet of Things and a blockchain

On December 10, 2020 it became known that the government commission on digital development approved the road maps developed by Rostec on development in Russia of Internet of Things and a blockchain. The state corporation estimated project implementation at 22.4 billion and 10.1 billion rubles respectively, including 17.4 billion and 5.6 billion rubles of financing from non-budgetary sources. Read more here.

2017

The expert advice on digital economy and blockchain technologies is created in the State Duma

On September 28, 2017 at the State Duma Committee on economic development, industry, the innovative development and entrepreneurship the Expert advice on digital economy and blockchain technologies is created. The advisory body is responsible for legal, expert and information providing advice for activity of Committee on issues of development of digital economy and implementation of blockchain technologies. Read more here.

Rosstandart creates technical committee on standardization of a blockchain

On August 15, 2017 the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation of Metrology (Rosstandart) announced formation of new technical committee on standardization under the name "Software and Hardware Tools of Technologies of the Distributed Register and Blockchain". Read more here.

The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications considers the possibility of application of a blockchain in shared-equity construction

In July it became known that in Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications consider the possibility of application of blockchain technology in work Rosreestr. It was said by the Minister of Telecom and Mass Communications Russia Nikolai Nikiforov on the G20 summit sidelines in Hamburg.^[1]

According to the Minister of Telecom and Mass Communications, the pilot project using a blockchain is considered, in particular, for example, at the conclusion of the transactions connected with individual share in construction.

"It is absolutely real practice which we prepare for start" — Nikiforov added.

The prime minister Medvedev charged to study possibilities of a blockchain for application in digital economy

The prime minister Dmitry Medvedev in March, 2017 charged to the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications and the Ministry of Economic Development to consider the possibility of application of blockchain technology in the system of a state administration and economy of the Russian Federation^[2]. It is necessary to make it by preparation of the Digital Economy program which will be in a comprehensive plan of actions of the government in 2017-2025.

Order which I signed concerns development of smart economy. The separate section of a comprehensive plan of actions of the government is devoted to this task. It is about most quickly to create conditions for implementation of different digital technologies, and one of such disruptive technologies the blockchain technology is — the prime minister at a meeting with Deputy Prime Ministers said.

Dmitry Medvedev at a meeting with Deputy Prime Ministers on March 6

Medvedev noted that large banks, corporations and some states already use this tool. He added that technology this special and excludes presence of intermediaries. The authenticity of transactions is confirmed by participants of network as there is no uniform information warehouse, it all is broken into blocks, to rewrite this information without the knowledge of other persons or somehow it is impossible to be implemented there, the head of the Cabinet of Ministers told. He also added that the blockchain can promote "disposal of a business conduct of excessive bureaucratization".

Medvedev said what needs to be analyzed as far as it is applicable in the Russian system of a state administration, economy. For work on the plan, the prime minister considers, it is necessary to attract Expert advice at the government, different scientific and public organizations, business community.

The prospects of application a blockchain in a public sector week earlier were discussed by conferees of TAdviser IT Government Day. The vice-president of the government of the Moscow region – the minister of public administration, IT and communication Maksut Shadayev, speaking about the region, noted while on the agenda the subject of use of a blockchain is not necessary.

The blockchain is for us still a little more difficult exercises, - Shadayev noted.

According to Shadayev, concerns residents of the Moscow region still more that the authorities fixed holes on roads, than similar technologies. In the region learned to fix holes through the application on the sent photos with coordinates and the electronic signature, and even it can already be considered revolution, he believes. Maksut Shadayev added that the Moscow region will wait when someone from technology leaders, for example, of FTS, implements at himself this technology.

The head of department of IT of FTS Tatyana Matveeva notes that there was a large number of meetings on a blockchain in the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, in Presidential Administration, Government Office.

We differently considered this technology, its merits and demerits. It has a large number of advantages, but it is not a panacea from everything and for everything. It has a specific sphere of applications. Besides, there are some nuances connected with the legislation, with inspection bodies with the fact that it anyway increase in expenses on infrastructure and many other things, - Matveeva told.

Any technology should be applied reasonably, sure the representative of FTS. According to her, the blockchain should be at first the project solution then the justification showing that application a blockchain saves either labor resources, or the financial investments should be counted specific financial and economic. After that there has to be implementation.

As the most striking examples of application of a blockchain Tatyana Matveeva selected their use during the vote and in processes of financial institutions. If to speak about use of technology in state services, big "stretches" begin here, the representative of FTS because in this sphere it is frequent no, not entrusted environment, generally there the entrusted environment believes. Nobody undertook the solution of a question with legal legitimation of a blockchain in Russia in terms of application in authorities yet, she added.

Evgeny Chereshnev, "person cyborg", the founder of Biolink company, agrees that a blockchain – not a panacea for something. According to him, for the solution of the majority of questions with the help a blockchain, it is necessary to connect to discussion of experts who are usually not connected.

In my understanding, the blockchain technology on scale is comparable to the invention of an electric bulb. At the time of its invention there were many legal, tax, different issues. It is approximately the same scale. Other question that the planet became more inhabited, became more difficult to be solved, risks are higher. However it does not mean that it is not necessary to do it, - he notes.

The Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications gave assignment to deal with technologies, but from my point of view, the main thing – to deal not with technologies, and with processes which are necessary for digital economy. The current legislation, for example, connected with a cloud, with cryptography using the EDS, is not compatible to the concept of digital economy. It is painful, difficult, requires a huge number of certification, etc. Implementation the blockchain is revolution, it is incompatible with the current mechanism of the state pyramid, - Andrey Kolesnikov, the head of Association of Internet of Things believes.

The chairman of National council of financial market Andrey Yemelin agrees with Tatyana Matveeva from FTS that is still farther than overall assessments and approach to an experiment did not reach. While in the Central Bank it is really clear where to apply blockchain technology. As the lawyer, Yemelin noted that with standard legal practice it is impossible to approach such things. Especially in the financial sphere where the serious amounts and serious risks are involved.

It is necessary to understand that it is a reality which is capable to solve very serious problems, and it is necessary just to think up as to make it. For this purpose the collected community of professionals who are capable not just to estimate risks is necessary, maybe, with a political will, but also to find methods of their minimization and control, - Yemelin says.

In the Central Bank, according to Andrey Yemelin, approached a blockchain from the technology party, it became clear what to do, but when faced the first regulator to which then to apply this technology, it began to ask questions, answers to which technologists do not have.

At the moment we cannot even convince that reconciliation of a biometric profile with the received image is a confirmation of the identity certificate. Even it causes difficulties. And we speak about a step further away: that it not only confirms the personality, but also causes legal effects, connected with the fact that this person, having just shown, confirms the readiness to enter legal relationship. I do not know such solutions at the normative level even in the West so far, - the chairman of National council of financial market noted.

2016: FTS sees an opportunity to exempt citizens from tax declarations in a blockchain

The Federal Tax Service (FTS) intends to take the second step after start of online cash desks which will allow to refuse the declaration mechanism of work with the companies.

It will significantly simplify document flow, will leave need to keep big staff of accountants in the past and will increase system effectiveness in general. "" To Izvestia the deputy head of department Daniil Egorov reported about it. Revolutionary intention of FTS is going to implement due to use of advanced technology blockchain (the decentralized database at which works, for example cryptocurrency bitcoin) ^[3].

The deputy head of FTS reported that the current scheme is heavy and causes many inconveniences to all its participants. The blockchain system will work at primary data which will come to tax directly at the time of their design at taxpayers. Then data will come down inspection, and the taxpayer to confirm them. Such "break" as Daniil Egorov considers, will do good to both taxpayers, and FTS.

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