UN e-government rating (EGDI)

In the E-Government Development Index, which is contained in the E-Government Survey, the positions of countries are distributed based on the overall index they received. It, in turn, consists of three sub-indices characterizing the state:

• web presence of public authorities;
• telecommunications infrastructure;
• human capital.

2024: Russia ranked 43rd in the UN e-government world ranking

In September 2024, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Development (UN DESA) published the E-Government Survey 2024, which presented a comparative analysis of the development of digital governments among 193 countries. In this rating, Russia is in 43rd place with an indicator of the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) of 0.8532, while in 2022 it was in 42nd position with a score of 0.8162 points.

2022: Russia drops 6 places in UN e-government ranking

Russia dropped six places in the global ranking of the development of UN e-government. The study was published in September 2022.

In the ranking of 2022, Russia is located on the 42nd position among 193 countries of the world against the 36th two years earlier. The Russian Federation was ahead of such states as Croatia (44th line), the Czech Republic (45), Ukraine (46) and Slovakia (47), but lagged behind, for example, Serbia (40th place), Belgium (39) and Portugal (38).

The e-government development index (EGDI) of Russia for two years decreased by 0.008 points and is 0.8162. This is noticeably above the global average of 0.61.

For comparison, the one who retained the first place in the ranking Denmark received 0.97 points, and the leader in the Asian region South Korea - 0.95. Kazakhstan remains the leader in the development of e-government in Central Asia from 0.86 points in 2022 against 0.83 two years earlier.

In the telecommunications infrastructure subindex, Russia earned 0.8053 points. For online services, the estimate was 0.7368, and for human capital - 0.9065.

Denmark Finland and South Korea lead the 2022 digital government rankings with the highest scores in terms of online service volume and quality, telecom infrastructure health and staffing capacity.

With notable improvements in telecommunications infrastructure and human development, the global average e-government development index (EGDI) has increased overall. Eight countries first moved to the group with a high EGDI: Belize, Kot-d, Guyana, Lebanon,, Nepal Rwanda, Tajikistan and. In Zambia general, 68.91% of UN member states have a high or very high level of EGDI, the report said.

UN experts noted "noticeable progress" in the provision of online services in almost all regions of the Earth. Their benefits are emphasized for vulnerable groups of the population - the poor, the elderly, people with disabilities, women, and youth. However, digital development is only part of the overall system of sustainable development, the authors of the report point out. According to them, one of the main lessons of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic was the idea of ​ ​ a "hybrid future."

Digital solutions should not be the ultimate goal, but a measure to support human development. The UN called on governments to remember that technological progress should serve a broad goal of human development and ensure the absence of the deprived (leaving no one behind).

According to a study published in 2022, the number of countries providing digital services in education increased by 22% over two years - from 104 to 114 states. However, despite the fact that the introduction of digital solutions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to this growth, progress was uneven in different regions and with different levels of sales.

The survey results suggest governments remain focused on developing digital services and infrastructures despite the global challenges of recent years. To bring our concept of "leave no one behind" to life, we will need to ensure that in a hybrid digital future we leave no one without communication, "noted Li Junhua, United Nations Deputy Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs.

The e-government development index is compiled every two years by the UN Department of Economic and Social Development. It consists of three sub-indices characterizing the state of ICT infrastructure, human capital and online public services. E-Government Survey 2022

2020: Russia dropped 4 positions in the UN e-government ranking

According to the results of the next issue of the UN global rating for the development of e-government (EGDI) in 2020, Russia took 36th place, which is four lines lower than two years earlier.

The bi-annual EGDI index is calculated on the basis of three indicators of each of the countries: the development of electronic services, the development of human capital and the development of telecommunications infrastructure over the two years preceding the update of the rating.

The best result among the CIS countries in EGDI-2020 was demonstrated by Kazakhstan, which is located on the 29th line of the rating. Belarus took 40th place, Armenia - 68th, Ukraine - 69th, Moldova - 79th, Uzbekistan - 87th. Of the countries of the post-Soviet space, Kazakhstan has the third result: only Estonia, which closed the top three, and lost the championship in the ranking of Denmark and South Korea, and Lithuania, which became the 20th country in the ranking, are higher. In terms of e-government development, Russia is ahead of China, which took 45th place in the list.

In terms of the level of development of electronic participation (E-participation), Russia in 2020 took 27th place against 23rd in 2018. We are talking about an indicator of the involvement of citizens in the decision-making process, transparency and openness of the state's activities.

It is noted that in the period from 2018 to 2020, Ukraine has advanced in the ranking and is now classified as a country with a high index of online services.

In another group of 13 countries with very highly developed human capital - Armenia,, the Azerbaijan Bahamas,,,, Hungary Georgia Iran Costa Kyrgyzstan Rica, Mauritius, the Philippines, and Seychelles Sri Lanka Ukraine have stalled somewhat, most likely due to the fact that their telecommunications infrastructure is relatively little developed, the report said.[1]

2018

Russia climbed to 32nd place. Denmark took the lead. Moscow is the leader among cities

On July 19, 2018, the next edition of the rating of countries with the highest level of e-government development was published. Russia in this list rose by three places - from 35th in 2016 to 32nd in 2018. The study is conducted every two years.

The largest e-Government Development Index (EGDI), which is a composite indicator measuring the readiness and ability of the government to use information and communication technologies to provide services to the population, was in Denmark - 0.915 with a maximum value of 1.

At the same time, in 2016, the country was in 9th position. Australia and South Korea remained in their places - in the 2nd and 3rd, respectively. The UK, which topped the ranking in 2016, ranked 4th two years later.

Position	Position change 2018/2016	Country	EGDI Level of development	E-Government Development Index (EGDI)	Online services	ICT- Infrastructure	Human capital
1	[[Denmark	Denmark]]	Very High	0.915	1	0.7978	0.9472
2	-	Australia	Very High	0.9053	0.9722	0.7436	1
3	-	Republic of Korea	Very High	0.901	0.9792	0.8496	0.8743
4	[[Article:UK economy	United Kingdom]]	Very High	0.8999	0.9792	0.8004	0.92
5	[[Sweden	Sweden]]	Very High	0.8882	0.9444	0.7835	0.9366
6	[[Finland	Finland]]	Very High	0.8815	0.9653	0.7284	0.9509
7	-3	Singapore	Very High	0.8812	0.9861	0.8019	0.8557
8	-	New Zealand	Very High	0.8806	0.9514	0.7455	0.945
9	[[France	France]]	Very High	0.879	0.9792	0.7979	0.8598
10	[[Japan	Japan]]	Very High	0.8783	0.9514	0.8406	0.8428
11	+ 1	USA	Very High	0.8769	0.9861	0.7564	0.8883
12	+ 3	Germany	Very High	0.8765	0.9306	0.7952	0.9036
13	-6	Netherlands	Very High	0.8757	0.9306	0.7758	0.9206
14	[[Norway	Norway]]	Very High	0.8557	0.9514	0.7131	0.9025
15	[[Switzerland	Switzerland]]	Very High	0.852	0.8472	0.8428	0.866
16	-3	Estonia	Very High	0.8486	0.9028	0.7613	0.8818
17	[[Spain	Spain]]	Very High	0.8415	0.9375	0.6986	0.8885
18	+ 7	Luxembourg	Very High	0.8334	0.9236	0.7964	0.7803
19	+ 8	Iceland	Very High	0.8316	0.7292	0.8292	0.9365
20	-4	Austria	Very High	0.8301	0.8681	0.7716	0.8505
21	+ 8	UAE	Very High	0.8295	0.9444	0.8564	0.6877
22	[[Ireland	Ireland]]	Very High	0.8287	0.8264	0.697	0.9626
23	-9	Canada	Very High	0.8258	0.9306	0.6724	0.8744
24	[[Italy	Italy]]	Very High	0.8209	0.9514	0.6771	0.8341
25	+ 7	Liechtenstein	Very High	0.8204	0.7986	0.8389	0.8237
26	-2	Bahrain	Very High	0.8116	0.7986	0.8466	0.7897
27	-8	Belgium	Very High	0.808	0.7569	0.693	0.974
28	+ 3	Monaco	Very High	0.805	0.625	1	0.7901
29	+ 9	Portugal	Very High	0.8031	0.9306	0.6617	0.817
30	-	Malta	Very High	0,8011	0,8403	0,7657	0,7973
31	-11	Israel	Very High	0.7998	0.8264	0.7095	0.8635
32	'+ 3	Russia|| Very High|| 0.7969	0.9167	|' 0.8522
33	+ 3	Poland	Very High	0.7926	0.9306	0.5805	0.8668
34	-	Uruguay	Very High	0.7858	0.8889	0.6967	0.7719
35	+ 8	Greece	Very High	0.7833	0.8194	0.6439	0.8867
36	+ 28	Cyprus	Very High	0.7736	0.7847	0.7279	0.8083
37	-16	Slovenia	Very High	0.7714	0.7986	0.6232	0.8923
38	+ 11	Belarus	Very High	0.7641	0.7361	0.6881	0.8681
39	[[Kazakhstan	Kazakhstan]]	Very High	0.7597	0.8681	0.5723	0.8388
40	-17	Lithuania	Very High	0.7534	0.7986	0.6293	0.8323
41	-1	Kuwait	High	0.7388	0.7917	0.7394	0.6852
42	-	Chile	High	0.735	0.8333	0.5377	0.8339
43	-2	Argentina	High	0.7335	0.75	0.5927	0.8579
44	+ 7	Brazil	High	0.7327	0.9236	0.522	0.7525
45	+ 1	Hungary	High	0.7265	0.7361	0.6071	0.8364
46	+ 8	Barbados	High	0.7229	0.6667	0.6719	0.8301
47	+ 5	Bulgaria	High	0.7177	0.7639	0.5785	0.8106
48	+ 12	Malaysia	High	0.7174	0.8889	0.5647	0.6987
49	-10	Serbia	High	0.7155	0.7361	0.6208	0.7896
49	+ 18	Slovakia	High	0.7155	0.7361	0.5964	0.8141
51	-3	Qatar	High	0.7132	0.7917	0.6797	0.6683
52	-8	Saudi Arabia	High	0.7119	0.7917	0.5339	0.8101
53	+ 15	Turkey	High	0.7112	0.8889	0.4298	0.8148
54	[[Czech Republic	Czech]] Republic	High	0.7084	0.6528	0.5971	0.8752
55	-18	Croatia	High	0.7018	0.6806	0.6051	0.8196
56	-3	Costa Rica	High	0.7004	0.6736	0.6343	0.7933
57	-12	Latvia	High	0.6996	0.6667	0.6188	0.8132
58	-11	Montenegro	High	0.6966	0.6667	0.6059	0.8172
59	+ 24	Brunei Darussalam	High	0.6923	0.7222	0.6066	0.748
60	+ 1	Georgia	High	0.6893	0.6944	0.5403	0.8333
61	-4	Colombia	High	0.6871	0.8819	0.4412	0.7382
62	-7	Andorra	High	0.6857	0.6042	0.722	0.7309
63	+ 3	Oman	High	0.6846	0.8125	0.5399	0.7013
64	-5	Mexico	High	0.6818	0.9236	0.4173	0.7044
65	[[China	China]]	High	0.6811	0.8611	0.4735	0.7088
66	-8	Mauritius	High	0.6678	0.7292	0.5435	0.7308
67	+ 8	Romania	High	0.6671	0.6597	0.5471	0.7944
68	+ 8	REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA	High	0.6618	0.8333	0.4231	0.7291
69	-4	Moldova	High	0.659	0.7708	0.4787	0.7274
70	-14	Azerbaijan	High	0.6574	0.7292	0.5062	0.7369
71	+ 23	St. Kitts and Nevis	High	0.6554	0.5347	0.6825	0.7491
72	+ 21	Bahamas	High	0.6552	0.7014	0.5393	0.7249
73	+ 4	Thailand	High	0.6543	0.6389	0.5338	0.7903
74	+ 8	Albania	High	0.6519	0.7361	0.4318	0.7877
75	-4	Philippines	High	0.6512	0.8819	0.3547	0.7171
76	+ 2	San Marino	High	0.6471	0.4236	0.7075	0.8102
77	+ 4	Peru	High	0.6461	0.8194	0.3913	0.7276
78	-8	Trinidad and Tobago	High	0.644	0.6389	0.5735	0.7195
79	-10	Macedonia	High	0.6312	0.7153	0.4859	0.6924
80	-8	Tunisia	High	0.6254	0.8056	0.4066	0.664
81	[[Uzbekistan	Uzbekistan]]	High	0.6207	0.7917	0.3307	0.7396
82	[[Ukraine	Ukraine]]	High	0.6165	0.5694	0.4364	0.8436
83	+ 3	Seychelles	High	0.6163	0.6181	0.5008	0.7299
84	-10	Ecuador	High	0.6129	0.7292	0.3699	0.7395
85	+ 14	Panama	High	0.6092	0.6597	0.4543	0.7137
86	+ 20	Iran	High	0.6083	0.6319	0.4566	0.7364
87	-	Armenia	High	0.5944	0.5625	0.466	0.7547
88	+ 1	Vietnam	High	0.5931	0.7361	0.389	0.6543
89	-1	Grenada	High	0.593	0.4931	0.4658	0.8202
90	+ 10	Antigua and Barbuda	High	0.5906	0.4583	0.5617	0.7518
91	+ 6	Kyrgyzstan	High	0.5835	0.6458	0.3418	0.7628
92	-8	Mongolia	High	0.5824	0.5972	0.3602	0.7899
93	+ 16	Dominica	High	0.5794	0.6111	0.4775	0.6497
94	-15	Sri Lanka	High	0.5751	0.6667	0.3136	0.7451
95	+ 3	Dominican Republic	High	0.5726	0.6597	0.3655	0.6927
96	+ 11	India	High	0.5669	0.9514	0.2009	0.5484
97	+ 20	Maldives	High	0.5615	0.4931	0.5159	0.6754
98	-7	Jordan	High	0.5575	0.4931	0.4406	0.7387
99	-26	Lebanon	High	0.553	0.4722	0.5219	0.6649
100	+ 4	El Salvador	High	0.5469	0.625	0.381	0.6348
101	+ 19	Ghana	High	0.539	0.6944	0.3558	0.5669
102	-6	Fiji	High	0.5348	0.4583	0.3562	0.7899
103	-2	Bolivia	High	0.5307	0.5625	0.3148	0.7148
104	+ 11	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	High	0.5306	0.4514	0.4583	0.682
105	-13	Bosnia and Herzegovina	High	0.5303	0.4306	0.4385	0.7217
106	-16	Venezuela	High	0.5287	0.4097	0.4148	0.7615
107	+ 9	Indonesia	High	0.5258	0.5694	0.3222	0.6857
108	-13	Paraguay	High	0.5255	0.5556	0.3507	0.6701
109	-4	Tonga	High	0.5237	0.4722	0.2951	0.8039
110	-25	Morocco	High	0.5214	0.6667	0.3697	0.5278
111	-	Palau	High	0.5024	0.3264	0.3346	0.8462
112	-9	Cape Verde	Medium	0.498	0.4861	0.3926	0.6152
113	-11	Guatemala	Average	0.4974	0.6458	0.2941	0.5524
114	-6	Egypt	Average	0.488	0.5347	0.3222	0.6072
115	+ 9	Bangladesh	Average	0.4862	0.7847	0.1976	0.4763
116	-6	Suriname	Average	0.4773	0.2917	0.4595	0.6808
117	+ 18	Nepal	Average	0.4748	0.6875	0.2413	0.4957
118	-6	Jamaica	Average	0.4697	0.3194	0.3941	0.6957
119	-5	Saint Lucia	Average	0.466	0.2847	0.411	0.7022
120	+ 18	Rwanda	Average	0.459	0.7222	0.1733	0.4815
121	+ 4	Namibia	Average	0.4554	0.4514	0.3299	0.585
122	-3	Kenya	Average	0.4541	0.625	0.1901	0.5472
123	+ 4	Honduras	Average	0.4474	0.5139	0.2268	0.6015
124	+ 2	Guyana	Average	0.4316	0.4306	0.2541	0.6102
125	+ 4	Gabon	Average	0.4313	0.2292	0.425	0.6398
126	+ 7	Butane	Medium	0.4274	0.5	0.308	0.4743
127	-14	Botswana	Average	0.4253	0.2083	0.3982	0.6694
128	-7	Samoa	Average	0.4236	0.3403	0.2064	0.7241
129	-6	Nicaragua	Average	0.4233	0.4028	0.2825	0.5847
130	+ 20	Algeria	Average	0.4227	0.2153	0.3889	0.664
131	+ 8	Tajikistan	Average	0.422	0.3403	0.2254	0.7002
132	-10	Belize	Average	0.4115	0.3333	0.2247	0.6765
133	-1	Zambia	Average	0.4111	0.4792	0.1853	0.5689
134	-3	Cuba	Average	0.4101	0.2986	0.1455	0.7862
135	-7	Uganda	Average	0.4055	0.5694	0.1566	0.4906
136	+ 19	Cameroon	Average	0.3997	0.4583	0.179	0.5618
137	+ 12	Vanuatu	Average	0.399	0.4375	0.192	0.5675
138	+ 9	Togo	Average	0.3989	0.5556	0.1353	0.5058
139	[[Tanzania	Tanzania]]	Average	0.3929	0.5625	0.1403	0.4759
140	-22	Libya	Average	0.3833	0.0972	0.3353	0.7173
141	-5	Swaziland	Average	0.382	0.375	0.1772	0.5939
142	+ 18	East Timor	Average	0.3816	0.3125	0.2937	0.5387
143	[[Nigeria	Nigeria]]	Average	0.3807	0.5278	0.1883	0.4261
144	+ 7	Tuvalu	Average	0.3779	0.2222	0.2693	0.6422
145	+ 13	Cambodia	Average	0.3753	0.25	0.3132	0.5626
146	-12	Zimbabwe	Average	0.3692	0.3264	0.2144	0.5668
147	-7	Turkmenistan	Middle	0,3652	0,1319	0,3011	0,6626
148	+ 11	Pakistan	Average	0.3566	0.5486	0.1529	0.3682
149	+ 7	Marshall Islands	Average	0.3543	0.2292	0.1037	0.7301
150	-6	Senegal	Average	0.3486	0.4792	0.224	0.3427
151	+ 6	Ethiopia	Average	0.3463	0.6319	0.0976	0.3094
152	[[Syria	Syria]]	Average	0.3459	0.2986	0.2532	0.486
153	-8	Kiribati	Average	0.345	0.2986	0.0773	0.6591
154	+ 14	São Tomé and Príncipe	Average	0.3424	0.1389	0.3053	0.583
155	-13	Angola	Average	0.3376	0.4097	0.0972	0.506
155	-14	Iraq	Average	0.3376	0.3194	0.184	0.5094
157	+ 12	Myanmar	Average	0.3328	0.2292	0.2565	0.5127
158	-6	Nauru	Average	0.3324	0.1319	0.3033	0.5619
159	+ 18	Benin	Average	0.3264	0.4722	0.1418	0.3653
160	+ 12	Mozambique	Average	0.3195	0.4236	0.1398	0.3951
161	-15	Micronesia	Average	0.3155	0.1458	0.1118	0.6889
162	-14	Laos	Average	0.3056	0.1667	0.2246	0.5254
163	+ 15	Haiti	Average	0.3047	0.4444	0.1078	0.362
164	+ 16	Congo	Average	0.3024	0.1667	0.1889	0.5515
165	+ 20	Burkina Faso	Average	0.3016	0.5347	0.1603	0.2097
166	+ 7	Burundi	Average	0.2985	0.3056	0.0786	0.5113
167	[[Lesotho	Lesotho]]	Average	0.2968	0.1111	0.2468	0.5324
168	-1	Gambia	Average	0.2958	0.2708	0.2627	0.3539
169	-5	Solomon Islands	Average	0.2816	0.2431	0.1285	0.4732
170	-7	Madagascar	Average	0.2792	0.3056	0.0499	0.4822
171	+ 8	Papua New Guinea	Average	0.2787	0.2708	0.0875	0.4778
172	+ 3	Ivory Coast	Medium	0.2776	0.2222	0.2748	0.3357
173	-3	Liberia	Average	0.2737	0.3403	0.1036	0.3772
174	+ 12	Sierra Leone	Average	0.2717	0.3472	0.1597	0.3081
175	-9	Malawi	Average	0.2708	0.2569	0.0834	0.472
176	-14	Congo	Average	0.2612	0.2083	0.0645	0.5108
177	-6	Afghanistan	Average	0.2585	0.3056	0.1138	0.3562
178	+ 4	Mali	Nizky	0.2424	0.2639	0.2074	0.2558
179	+ 8	Djibouti	Nizky	0.2401	0.2917	0.0961	0.3325
180	-19	Sudan	Nizky	0.2394	0.1528	0.178	0.3873
181	+ 8	Guinea	Nizky	0.2348	0.3125	0.1513	0.2406
182	-6	Comoros	Nizky	0.2336	0.0972	0.0871	0.5166
183	+ 1	Mauritania	Nizky	0.2314	0.1597	0.1878	0.3467
184	-19	Equatorial Guinea	Nizky	0.2298	0.0486	0.101	0.5397
185	-32	DPRK	Nizky	0.2159	0	0.0327	0.615
186	-12	Yemen	Nizky	0.2154	0.0972	0.1454	0.4037
187	-6	Guinea-Bissau	Nizky	0.1887	0.0764	0.1028	0.3869
188	+ 3	Central African Republic	Nizky	0.1584	0.2083	0.0322	0.2347
189	+ 1	Eritrea	Nizky	0.1337	0.0833	0	0.3179
190	-2	Chad	Nizky	0.1257	0.1458	0.0669	0.1644
191	[[South Sudan	South Sudan]]	Nizky	0.1214	0.1111	0.0262	0.2269
192	-	Niger	Nizky	0.1095	0.1597	0.0795	0.0894
193	-	Somalia	Nizky	0.0566	0.1111	0.0586	0

In addition to these countries, ahead Russia (EGDI was 0.7969) in the E-Government Survey 2018 were countries such as New Zealand (8th place), (Estonia 15th), Luxembourg (18th), (Iceland 19th), Liechtenstein (25th), Bahrain (26th), (Malta 30th) and Israel (31st). At the same time, Russia was among 11 countries that in 2018 entered the group with a "very high" EGDI indicator along with Greece, Belarus Monaco, Poland, Portugal, etc.

Russia rose from 34th to 23rd place in the group of countries with the highest level of involvement of citizens (E-Participation, electronic participation). Here, participating states are ranked by level of citizen participation in governance and government decision-making using ICT.

In addition, Russia strengthened its position in the ranking of telecommunications infrastructure, gaining 0.6219 points in 2018 against 0.6091 two years earlier.

In the E-Government Survey 2018 ranking, Belarus is in 38th place with a "very high EGDI," which was 0.7641. Kazakhstan was given 39th position with a score of 0.7597 (also "very high EGDI"). Moldova has 69th line (0.6590)

Ukraine ranked 82nd on the list with a "high EGDI" of 0.6165. Armenia was assigned 87th place (0.5944), Kyrgyzstan - 91st (0.5835).

Mathematically, EGDI is the arithmetic mean of the three normalized main indicators evaluating the most important aspects of e-government: the breadth and quality of online services (Online Service Index, OSI), the level of telecommunications infrastructure development (Telecommunication Infrastructure Index, TII) and the amount of human capital (Human Capital Index, HCI).

For the first time, the study began to assess the level of e-government development in cities. In total, 40 cities were studied, and Moscow took the first place among them, ahead of Cape Town and Tallinn, which became the second and third, respectively.

Position	City	Total indicator	Process indicator	Content Key Figure	Service Delivery Indicator	Indicator of participation and involvement of residents
1	Moscow	55	10	26	11	9
2	Cape Town	53	10	26	11	7
2	Tallinn	53	11	26	12	5
4	London	51	10	25	11	6
4	Paris	51	11	24	8	9
6	Sydney	50	11	21	12	7
7	Amsterdam	49	9	25	10	6
7	Seoul	49	11	25	6	8
9	Rome	48	11	25	8	5
9	Warsaw	48	11	25	7	6
11	Helsinki	47	10	24	7	7
11	Istanbul	47	6	24	12	6
11	Shanghai	47	10	24	5	9
14	Madrid	46	10	22	8	7
14	New York	46	10	21	10	6
16	Dubai	44	10	21	10	4
17	Prague	43	10	23	4	7
18	Addis Ababa	42	12	21	4	6
19	Tokyo	41	12	24	3	3
19	Toronto	41	9	22	8	3
21	Buenos Aires	40	8	22	5	6
22	Berlin	39	11	21	2	6
23	Jakarta	37	9	17	5	7
24	Mumbai	36	12	19	5	1

Assessment of the work of e-government in cities was carried out on technical aspects, information content of local websites of public services, as well as on the use of electronic services and initiatives aimed at attracting citizens to such services. A total of 60 different indicators were involved. Among them are the ease of working with the portal, the speed of loading pages, the availability of services on mobile devices, the internal search mechanism and the customization of the portal.

To Moscow There are 55 out of 60 indicators of e-government development, which has become the largest value in the world. In, and Paris Sydney Amsterdam there are 51, 50 and 49 indicators, respectively.

Moscow entered the group of cities with a "very high" development of online services in the field of electronic government.

The development of e-government projects in the world as a whole has improved in two years. The group of countries that achieved EGDI at 0.75 to 1 became wider in 2018. In 2016, this included 29 states. In the E-Government Survey 2018 there are already more than 40 of them.

Almost two-thirds of the United Nations member states received an e-government development score of 0.5-1. The number of countries with minimal indicators (from 0 to 0.25) has halved - from 32 to 16.

However, despite a significant influx of investment in e-government projects in many countries, the digital backwardness of some countries and the tangible superiority of others remain. 14 of the 16 countries with the lowest EGDI scores represent Africa and are among the least developed.

The regional e-government development index in Africa and Oceania is significantly lower than the global average of 0.34 and 0.46 versus 0.55, respectively. According to experts, this means that solving the problem of digital inequality in the planned time frame (by 2030) may not work.

The authors of the study indicate that there is a connection between the income of the population and the position of the country in the ranking of the development of e-government, but this does not always work. 22 middle-income states and 39 low-income countries have below the global average EGDI indices.

In 2018, online services made the main contribution to improving the EGDI indicators of countries, regardless of their financial situation. In addition, countries are increasingly providing public Internet services to socially vulnerable segments of the population. In Europe, more than 80% of countries are working in this direction.

The full text of the study in English can be found at the link.

In January 2019, the Moscow City Department of Information Technology and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) translated the "Electronic Government 2018" study into Russian. The full Russian version of the report is available here.

What is the reason for Russia's entry into the group of leading countries with a "very high" e-government development index

At the request of TAdviser, the position of Russia in the UN ranking was commented on by experts Yury Khokhlov (Institute for the Development of the Information Society (IRIO)) and Sergey Shaposhnik (Institute for the History of Natural Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Center for Competencies of the Digital Economy of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after G.V. Plekhanov).

Mathematically, the UN Electronic Government Development Index is calculated as the arithmetic mean of three composite sub-indices: the Telecommunications Infrastructure Index (it includes five indicators characterizing the development of fixed and cellular communications, as well as Internet penetration); The Human Capital Index (four indicators characterizing literacy, involvement in education, expected and average length of study) and the Online Services Index (calculated from a survey of official websites). The dynamics of the place in the overall rating is determined by the dynamics of the relative position of the country in these three groups of indicators. From the analysis of this dynamics, it can be seen that the main contribution to the increase in the place of Russia in 2018 was made by a significant increase in the Online Services Index (from 0.7319 in 2016 to an almost maximum value of 0.9167 in 2018), according to which Russia entered the group of 25 leading countries (in 2016, it closed the group of 38 leading countries with Brazil), while the very value of the index in Russia is now in 11th place (a number of countries have the same values ​ ​ of this index), rising from 22nd place in 2016.

The index of online services is calculated based on the results of a survey of official government portals and websites, which is carried out in the preparation of the next rating. Since 2012, it was possible to observe a rapid increase in the value of this indicator in Russia. Progress at the first stage was associated with the transfer of services to electronic form, the creation of a single portal of state and municipal services, the disclosure of information about the activities of authorities on official websites. At the second stage, this dynamics was supported by the expansion of the number of public services in electronic form and the implementation of a number of initiatives in the field of interaction with citizens using ICT, such as the Russian Public Initiative, the publication of open data, the creation of a single portal for posting information on the development of draft regulatory legal acts by authorities and their public discussion.

In 2014, the UN methodology for examining official websites changed significantly, criteria related to modern trends in the development of electronic governments were introduced and expanded (multichannel and mobility, user orientation, provision of services for life situations, the use of a wide range of tools for involving citizens in management processes, implementation of the "government as a whole" approach, etc.). In the 2016 index, Russia gained 51% and 35% of the maximum possible estimate for the last two of the four stages of development of online services (initial and advanced information services, transaction and network/integration services). This was enough in 2014 to still grow in the ranking (then the above trends were new for most states), but in the next 2 years there were no significant changes in new parameters in Russia, other countries began to overtake it. As a result, by 2016, Russia had a relative lag in the online services index - in 2014 it closed a group of 27 leading countries, and in 2016, as noted above, a group of 38 countries.

For the 2018 e-government development index, the methodology for assessing official sites was also changed - mainly in order to expand the number of indicators related to the UN "sustainable development goals," but the main assessment parameters, including those introduced in 2014, remained. The positive dynamics of Russia's indicators over the past two years is associated with targeted efforts undertaken by the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia. After falling in the e-government rating of 2016, in early 2017, the ministry prepared recommendations and Unified functional and technical requirements for portals of the Government of the Russian Federation and websites of ministries, in the development of which the Institute for the Development of the Information Society and the authors of these comments took part. The development of these documents took into account the current trends in the development of electronic governments and the UN assessment criteria.

One of the directions of the proposed changes was the expansion and coordination of open government tools - online tools for informing and participating citizens in the discussion of decisions of authorities implemented on government portals and websites of ministries. As a result of the introduction of the first stage of these recommendations, carried out before the survey conducted by the UN from August to November 2017, it was possible to significantly improve Russia's performance.

In the E-Participation Index, which is based on the indicators of the Online Services Index, characterizing electronic information, consultations with citizens and their participation in decision-making, Russia scored 92.39% of the maximum possible number of points (in 2016 - 75%) and took 23rd place (in 2016 it was 32).

2016: UK leader, Russia in 35th place

According to the new UN E-Government Survey 2016, published on July 28, 2016, the world leader in e-government development is. Great Britain Korea also took second and third places on the list Australia.

Russia lost eight positions in the ranking in relation to 2014 and now ranks 35th. Uruguay put one position above the compilers of the rating, and Poland takes the next line behind Russia.

Kazakhstan was ahead of Russia in the ranking - it occupies 33 positions (in the 2014 ranking it occupied 28 lines), and Ukraine and Belarus are behind - they are in 62 and 49 positions, respectively (in the 2014 ranking, these countries occupied 87 and 55 positions, respectively).

The maximum e-government development level index that a country can receive in the ranking is 1. The leader of the rating has this indicator of 0.9193, in Russia - 0.7215. The UN estimates the development index of the Russian e-government as high. In previous ratings, such characteristics were not assigned.

Compared to the 2014 rating, Russia lost points in the sub-indices of telecommunications infrastructure and human capital, while in the sub-index of online services it scored. However, the country's position on online services in 2016 turned out to be worse than in 2014, due to the fact that rivals in the rating increased their performance more significantly.

Russia was also included in the list of the Top 50 countries with the highest level of involvement of citizens (E-Participation, electronic participation), presented in the same study. Here, countries are ranked by level of citizen participation in governance and government decision-making using ICT. Russia took 34th place in this rating.

We follow the largest ratings that are being prepared by industries supervised by the Ministry of Communications of Russia, however, first of all, the key goals and indicators set by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation are important for us. These are indicators fixed in the GPIO and in the FTP, - said TAdviser in the press service of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications regarding the UN rating.

Director of the Center for IT Research and Expertise of the Academy of National Economy under the Government RFMikhail Braude-Zolotarev believes that, unfortunately, the measurements of international experts do not differ in great accuracy. Assessments are influenced by both expert subjectivity and lack of information, he said in a conversation with TAdviser.

This may well explain the fall in Russia's position on infrastructure. At the same time, not only we are developing, but also other countries. It is quite possible that although we obviously added to the development of ICT infrastructure, competing countries could add more, says Braude-Zolotarev.

According to the expert, if we assume that Russia has undeservedly lost some positions, there will be positions in which the country acquired unreasonably. Russia's good positions in the involvement of citizens (E-Participation) can hardly be considered justified, because with the relative development of tools for citizens' participation in the management of the country, the degree of their real influence is hardly very different from zero, Mikhail Braude-Zolotarev believes.

The development of open data, to which the UN also pays attention when compiling the rating, has slowed down in Russia, said Ivan Begtin, director of NP Information Culture. This, in his opinion, happened after the country left the G8. At the same time, previously open data did not develop integrally with other initiatives due to the fact that they were under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Economic Development, and the Open Government "de facto" strongly deprioritized the topic, the expert said.

Position	Position Change 2016/2014	Country	EGDI Level of development	E-Government Development Index (EGDI)	Online services	ICT- Infrastructure	Human capital
1	+ 7	United Kingdom	Very High	0.9193	1.0000	0.8177	0.9402
2	0	Australia	Very High	0.9143	0.9783	0.7646	1.0000
3	-2	Republic of Korea	Very High	0.8915	0.9420	0.8530	0.8795
4	-1	Singapore	Very High	0.8828	0.9710	0.8414	0.8360
5	+ 5	Finland	Very High	0.8817	0.9420	0.7590	0.9440
6	[[Sweden	Sweden]]	Very High	0.8704	0.8768	0.8134	0.9210
7	-2	Netherlands	Very High	0.8659	0.9275	0.7517	0.9183
8	+ 1	New Zealand	Very High	0.8653	0.9420	0.7136	0.9402
9	[[Denmark	Denmark]]	Very High	0.8510	0.7754	0.8247	0.9530
10	[[France	France]]	Very High	0.8456	0.9420	0.7502	0.8445
11	[[Japan	Japan]]	Very High	0.8440	0.8768	0.8277	0.8274
12	[[Article:United States of America (USA)	USA]]	Very High	0.8420	0.9275	0.7170	0.8815
13	+ 2	Estonia	Very High	0.8334	0.8913	0.7329	0.8761
14	-3	Canada	Very High	0.8285	0.9565	0.6717	0.8572
15	+ 6	Germany	Very High	0.8210	0.8406	0.7342	0.8882
16	+ 4	Austria	Very High	0.8208	0.9130	0.7098	0.8396
17	[[Spain	Spain]]	Very High	0.8135	0.9130	0.6493	0.8782
18	[[Norway	Norway]]	Very High	0.8117	0.8043	0.7276	0.9031
19	+ 6	Belgium	Very High	0.7874	0.7101	0.6808	0.9712
20	-3	Israel	Very High	0.7806	0.8623	0.6175	0.8619
21	+ 20	Slovenia	Very High	0.7769	0.8478	0.5877	0.8952
22	+ 1	Italy	Very High	0.7764	0.8696	0.6469	0.8126
23	+ 6	Lithuania	Very High	0.7747	0.8261	0.6262	0.8717
24	-6	Bahrain	Very High	0.7734	0.8261	0.7762	0.7178
25	-1	Luxembourg	Very High	0.7705	0.7174	0.8190	0.7750
26	[[Ireland	Ireland]]	Very High	0.7689	0.7246	0.6602	0.9218
27	-8	Iceland	Very High	0.7662	0.6232	0.7814	0.8940
28	[[Switzerland	Switzerland]]	Very High	0.7525	0.6014	0.7980	0.8579
29	+ 3	UAE	Very High	0.7515	0.8913	0.6881	0.6752
30	+ 10	Malta	High	0.7424	0.7971	0.6992	0.7310
31	+ 7	Monaco	High	0.7315	0.3188	1.0000	0.8757
32	+ 3	Liechtenstein	High	0.7313	0.6667	0.7293	0.7978
33	-5	Kazakhstan	High	0.7250	0.7681	0.5668	0.8401
34	-8	Uruguay	High	0.7237	0.7754	0.6137	0.7820
35'	'-8	Russia	| 0.7215|| 0.7319	0.6091	0.8234
36	+ 6	Poland	High	0.7211	0.7029	0.5857	0.8747
37	+ 10	Croatia	High	0.7162	0.7464	0.5974	0.8050
38	-1	Portugal	High	0.7144	0.7464	0.5838	0.8129
39	+ 30	Serbia	High	0.7131	0.8188	0.5434	0.7769
40	+ 9	Kuwait	High	0.7080	0.6522	0.7430	0.7287
41	+ 5	Argentina	High	0.6978	0.7101	0.5031	0.8802
42	-9	Chile	High	0.6949	0.7754	0.4970	0.8124
43	-9	Greece	High	0.6910	0.5797	0.6032	0.8901
44	-8	Saudi Arabia	High	0.6822	0.6739	0.5733	0.7995
45	-14	Latvia	High	0.6810	0.6087	0.5831	0.8512
46	-7	Hungary	High	0.6745	0.6304	0.5615	0.8317
47	-2	Montenegro	High	0.6733	0.6812	0.5221	0.8165
48	-4	Qatar	High	0.6699	0.6739	0.6041	0.7317
49	[[Belarus	Belarus]]	High	0.6625	0.4855	0.6304	0.8716
50	[[Czech Republic	Czech]] Republic	High	0.6454	0.4783	0.5952	0.8627
51	+ 6	Brazil	High	0.6377	0.7319	0.5025	0.6787
52	+ 21	Bulgaria	High	0.6376	0.5652	0.5602	0.7875
53	+ 1	Costa Rica	High	0.6314	0.6377	0.5129	0.7436
54	+ 5	Barbados	High	0.6310	0.4420	0.6397	0.8113
55	-12	Andorra	High	0.6302	0.5072	0.6855	0.6978
56	+ 12	Azerbaijan	High	0.6274	0.6812	0.4852	0.7158
57	-7	Colombia	High	0.6237	0.7899	0.3813	0.7000
58	+ 18	Mauritius	High	0.6231	0.7029	0.4596	0.7067
59	+ 4	Mexico	High	0.6195	0.8478	0.3114	0.6993
60	-8	Malaysia	High	0.6175	0.7174	0.4397	0.6953
61	-5	Georgia	High	0.6108	0.6377	0.4184	0.7763
62	+ 25	Ukraine	High	0.6076	0.5870	0.3968	0.8390
63	[[China	China]]	High	0.6071	0.7681	0.3673	0.6860
64	-6	Cyprus	High	0.6023	0.5362	0.4923	0.7782
65	+ 1	Moldova	High	0.5994	0.5942	0.4850	0.7191
66	-18	Oman	High	0.5962	0.5942	0.5147	0.6796
67	-16	Slovakia	High	0.5915	0.4420	0.5504	0.7822
68	+ 3	Turkey	High	0.5900	0.6014	0.3775	0.7910
69	+ 27	Macedonia	High	0.5885	0.6087	0.4693	0.6877
70	+ 21	Trinidad and Tobago	High	0.5780	0.5290	0.4973	0.7077
71	+ 24	Philippines	High	0.5765	0.6667	0.3791	0.6839
72	+ 3	Tunisia	High	0.5682	0.7174	0.3476	0.6397
73	+ 16	Lebanon	High	0.5646	0.5145	0.4911	0.6882
74	+ 9	Ecuador	High	0.5625	0.6304	0.3438	0.7134
75	-11	Romania	High	0.5611	0.4565	0.4533	0.7736
76	+ 17	South Africa	High	0.5546	0.5580	0.3807	0.7253
77	+ 25	Thailand	High	0.5522	0.5507	0.4117	0.6942
78	-16	San Marino	High	0.5506	0.2391	0.6128	0.7999
79	-5	Sri Lanka	High	0.5445	0.6522	0.2445	0.7369
80	+ 20	Uzbekistan	High	0.5434	0.6884	0.2463	0.6954
81	-9	Peru	High	0.5381	0.6304	0.2689	0.7151
82	+ 2	Albania	High	0.5331	0.5942	0.3530	0.6520
83	+ 3	Brunei Darussalam	High	0.5298	0.5072	0.3512	0.7310
84	-19	Mongolia	High	0.5194	0.5145	0.2841	0.7597
85	-3	Morocco	High	0.5186	0.7391	0.3429	0.4737
86	-5	Seychelles	High	0.5181	0.4058	0.4624	0.6861
87	-26	Armenia	High	0.5179	0.4275	0.3922	0.7338
88	-10	Grenada	High	0.5168	0.3696	0.3988	0.7820
89	+ 10	Vietnam	High	0.5143	0.5725	0.3715	0.5989
90	-23	Venezuela	High	0.5128	0.4348	0.3540	0.7498
91	-12	Jordan	High	0.5123	0.4565	0.3458	0.7344
92	+ 5	Bosnia and Herzegovina	High	0.5118	0.4493	0.4047	0.6815
93	-1	Bahamas	High	0.5108	0.4275	0.3842	0.7207
94	-4	Saint Kitts and Nevis	High	0.5034	0.2826	0.5301	0.6976
95	+ 27	Paraguay	Average	0.4989	0.6014	0.2544	0.6409
96	-11	Fiji	Average	0.4989	0.4130	0.3326	0.7509
97	+ 4	Kyrgyzstan	Average	0.4969	0.4275	0.3123	0.7508
98	+ 9	Dominican Republic	Average	0.4914	0.5072	0.2992	0.6676
99	-22	Panama	Average	0.4903	0.3333	0.4202	0.7175
100	-40	Antigua & Barbuda	Average	0.4892	0.1812	0.5412	0.7453
101	+ 2	Bolivia	Medium	0.4821	0.4928	0.2532	0.7004
102	+ 31	Guatemala	Average	0.4790	0.6667	0.2358	0.5345
103	+ 24	Cape Verde	Medium	0.4742	0.4565	0.3629	0.6031
104	-16	El Salvador	Average	0.4718	0.4855	0.3265	0.6035
105	-7	Tonga	Average	0.4700	0.3696	0.2302	0.8102
106	[[Iran	Iran]]	Medium	0.4649	0.3333	0.3514	0.7101
107	+ 11	India	Average	0.4637	0.7464	0.1430	0.5019
108	-28	Egypt	Average	0.4594	0.4710	0.3025	0.6048
109	+ 1	Dominica	Average	0.4577	0.3043	0.4305	0.6384
110	+ 5	Suriname	Average	0.4546	0.2971	0.4116	0.6551
111	-3	Palau	Average	0.4546	0.1087	0.3684	0.8867
112	-3	Jamaica	Average	0.4534	0.3551	0.3193	0.6859
113	-1	Botswana	Average	0.4531	0.2826	0.4215	0.6553
114	-10	Saint Lucia	Average	0.4531	0.2754	0.4094	0.6744
115	-2	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Medium	0.4494	0.2971	0.3756	0.6754
116	-10	Indonesia	Average	0.4478	0.3623	0.3016	0.6796
117	-23	Maldives	Average	0.4330	0.2319	0.4370	0.6301
118	+ 3	Libya	Average	0.4322	0.1087	0.4291	0.7588
119	0	Kenya	Average	0.4186	0.5580	0.1808	0.5169
120	+ 3	Ghana	Average	0.4181	0.4493	0.2594	0.5458
121	-10	Samoa	Average	0.4019	0.3406	0.1576	0.7076
122	-2	Belize	Average	0.3825	0.3188	0.1834	0.6454
123	+ 24	Nicaragua	Average	0.3801	0.3841	0.2109	0.5454
124	+ 24	Bangladesh	Average	0.3799	0.6232	0.1193	0.3973
125	-8	Namibia	Average	0.3682	0.2826	0.2669	0.5551
126	-2	Guyana	Average	0.3651	0.2826	0.2432	0.5694
127	-13	Honduras	Average	0.3611	0.3116	0.2008	0.5709
128	+ 28	Uganda	Average	0.3599	0.5000	0.1129	0.4668
129	+ 2	Gabon	Average	0.3584	0.1522	0.3068	0.6162
130	[[Tanzania	Tanzania]]	Average	0.3533	0.5725	0.0900	0.3974
131	-15	Cuba	Average	0.3522	0.1957	0.1103	0.7507
132	+ 31	Zambia	Average	0.3507	0.3696	0.1182	0.5643
133	+ 10	Butane	Medium	0.3506	0.3188	0.2192	0.5139
134	-8	Zimbabwe	Average	0.3472	0.2609	0.2167	0.5641
135	+ 30	Nepal	Average	0.3458	0.3986	0.1675	0.4714
136	+ 2	Swaziland	Average	0.3412	0.2754	0.1601	0.5882
137	[[Syria	Syria]]	Average	0.3404	0.3261	0.2087	0.4864
138	-13	Rwanda	Average	0.3390	0.4565	0.1084	0.4522
139	-10	Tajikistan	Average	0.3366	0.1232	0.1866	0.7001
140	-12	Turkmenistan	Average	0.3337	0.0870	0.2559	0.6583
141	-7	Iraq	Average	0.3334	0.3551	0.1647	0.4803
142	-2	Angola	Medium	0.3311	0.3478	0.1441	0.5015
143	[[Nigeria	Nigeria]]	Average	0.3291	0.4130	0.1958	0.3784
144	+ 7	Senegal	Average	0.3250	0.3768	0.1958	0.4025
145	-13	Kiribati	Average	0.3122	0.2101	0.0665	0.6599
146	-16	Micronesia (Federated States)	Medium	0.3103	0.1449	0.1197	0.6663
147	+ 15	Togo	Average	0.3096	0.3188	0.1044	0.5056
148	+ 4	Laos	Average	0.3090	0.2826	0.1537	0.4907
149	+ 10	Vanuatu	Average	0.3078	0.1667	0.1684	0.5884
150	-14	Algeria	Average	0.2999	0.0652	0.1934	0.6412
151	-14	Tuvalu	Average	0.2950	0.0217	0.1981	0.6651
152	-7	Nauru	Average	0.2868	0.0942	0.2448	0.5214
153	-4	DPRK	Average	0.2801	0.0217	0.0363	0.7822
154	[[Lesotho	Lesotho]]	Average	0.2770	0.1377	0.1787	0.5147
155	-11	Cameroon	Average	0.2759	0.2174	0.1310	0.4794
156	-14	Marshall Islands	Medium	0.2695	0.0290	0.0849	0.6947
157	0	Ethiopia	Average	0.2666	0.5290	0.0495	0.2212
158	-19	Cambodia	Average	0.2593	0.0507	0.2486	0.4785
159	-1	Pakistan	Average	0.2583	0.3261	0.1299	0.3190
160	+ 1	East Timor	Average	0.2582	0.2174	0.0728	0.4843
161	-7	Sudan	Average	0.2539	0.2174	0.1861	0.3581
162	-2	Congo	Nizky	0.2497	0.0435	0.1713	0.5344
163	-8	Madagascar	Nizky	0.2416	0.2246	0.0514	0.4488
164	+ 6	Solomon Islands	Nizky	0.2406	0.1667	0.1150	0.4402
165	+ 3	Equatorial Guinea	Nizky	0.2403	0.0797	0.1237	0.5174
166	0	Malawi	Nizky	0.2398	0.2174	0.0485	0.4535
167	0	Gambia	Nizky	0.2396	0.1957	0.1959	0.3274
168	+ 1	Sao Tome and Principe	Nizky	0.2390	0.0435	0.1547	0.5188
169	+ 6	Myanmar	Nizky	0.2362	0.1594	0.0655	0.4837
170	+ 9	Liberia	Nizky	0.2338	0.2391	0.1041	0.3581
171	+ 2	Afghanistan	Nizky	0.2313	0.3043	0.1066	0.2830
172	-8	Mozambique	Nizky	0.2305	0.2029	0.0993	0.3893
173	-1	Burundi	Nizky	0.2277	0.1522	0.0331	0.4979
174	-24	Yemen	Nizky	0.2248	0.1449	0.1465	0.3829
175	-4	Ivory Coast	Nizky	0.2185	0.1884	0.1711	0.2959
176	+ 1	Comoros	Nizky	0.2155	0.0507	0.1073	0.4885
177	+ 3	Benin	Nizky	0.2039	0.1449	0.1471	0.3196
178	-2	Haiti	Nizky	0.1931	0.1667	0.1004	0.3124
179	+ 9	Papua New Guinea	Nizky	0.1882	0.1667	0.0739	0.3240
180	+ 3	Democratic Republic of Congo	Nizky	0.1876	0.0870	0.0788	0.3970
181	+ 1	Guinea-Bissau	Nizky	0.1818	0.1087	0.0828	0.3538
182	-1	Mali	Nizky	0.1817	0.0942	0.2149	0.2358
183	[[South Sudan	South Sudan]]	Nizky	0.1791	0.1232	0.0534	0.3607
184	-10	Mauritania	Nizky	0.1734	0.0652	0.1536	0.3015
185	-7	Burkina Faso	Nizky	0.1598	0.1884	0.1232	0.1677
186	0	Sierra Leone	Nizky	0.1594	0.1159	0.1216	0.2407
187	-3	Djibouti	Nizky	0.1337	0.0217	0.0698	0.3095
188	+ 1	Chad	Nizky	0.1256	0.1377	0.0476	0.1917
189	+ 1	Guinea	Nizky	0.1226	0.0870	0.0906	0.1903
190	+ 2	Eritrea	Nizky	0.0902	0.0217	0.0000	0.2487
191	-4	Central African Republic	Nizky	0.0789	0.0000	0.0381	0.1985
192	-1	Niger	Nizky	0.0593	0.0725	0.0557	0.0498
193	0	Somalia	Nizky	0.0270	0.0145	0.0665	0.0000
		Average		0.4922	0.4623	0.3711	0.6433

The full text of the UN study can be found at the link.

Why did the rise of Russia in the ranking of UN e-governments follow the fall?

At the request of TAdviser, the position of Russia in the UN ranking was commented on by experts from the Institute for the Development of the Information Society (IRIO) Yury Khokhlov and Sergey Shaposhnik.

In the

ranking of countries in terms of e-government development published on July 29, 2016, which is prepared by the UN every two years, Russia took 35th place, dropping from 27th place, which it occupied in the previous ranking of 2014. Note that Russia rose to a fairly honorable 27th place back in 2012, sharply improving its performance compared to 2010, when it took 59th place.

The drop in the overall ranking, like its growth in 2012, is objective, explainable and related to the dynamics of two indices - the telecommunications index and the online services index, which, together with the human capital index, form a composite index for the development of e-government with the same weights, on the basis of which the UN rating is based, Khokhlov and Shaposhnik believe.

The index of online services is calculated based on the results of a survey of official government portals and websites, which is carried out in the preparation of the next rating. Since 2012, it was possible to observe a rapid growth in Russia's place on this index: from 68 places in 2010, it climbed to 37th in 2012 and 27th in 2014.

Rapid progress at the first stage was associated with the transfer of services to electronic form, the creation of a single portal of state and municipal services, the disclosure of information about the activities of authorities on official websites.

At the second stage, this dynamics was supported by the expansion of the number of public services in electronic form and the implementation of a number of initiatives in the field of interaction with citizens using ICT, such as the Russian Public Initiative, the publication of open data, the creation of a single portal for posting information on the development by the authorities of draft regulatory legal acts and their public discussion, experts say.

In

2014, the UN methodology for examining official sites changed quite significantly, which introduced and expanded criteria related to modern trends in the development of electronic governments (multichannel and mobility, user orientation, the provision of services for life situations, the use of a wide range of tools to involve citizens in management processes, etc.).

Open data and electronic participation of citizens in management began to be considered, according to IRIO representatives, as an important part of e-government services (which we traditionally understand more narrowly - as the use of ICT to provide state and municipal services).

As

a result, in the 2014 ranking, Russia gained 51% and 35% of the maximum possible estimate for the last two of the four stages of development of online services (initial and advanced information services, transaction and network/integration services). This was enough to still grow in the ranking in 2014 (then the above trends were new for most states), but in the next two years there were no significant changes in new parameters in Russia, other countries began to overtake it, and as a result, in 2016, the country dropped from 27th to 38th place in the online services index.

In

recent years, leading countries have begun full-scale implementation of new generation e-government technologies - digital government, experts explain. It is no coincidence that the first place in the UN ranking was taken by the United Kingdom, which became the pioneer of the introduction of digital public services, and the top ten of the rating are countries that have adopted and are implementing projects for the digital transformation of their public administration systems. The opportunities that digital government technologies open up for the Russian Federation were recently presented in the analytical report "Digital Government 2020: Prospects for Russia," prepared by the World Bank together with the Institute for the Development of the Information Society^[2]

For the sake of fairness, it should be said that the e-government system project being developed in 2016 and other documents provide for measures in the above new areas of e-government development, but the delay in their implementation, partly due to funding difficulties, led to the loss of positions in this component of the UN rating.

Similar dynamics is observed in the telecommunications infrastructure index, which is calculated on the basis of 5 indicators collected by the International Telecommunication Union (penetration, Internet fixed and mobile telephone communications, fixed and wireless). BROADBAND ACCESS The high growth rates in 2008-2010 of telecommunication indicators, primarily Internet penetration, allowed Russia to rise in the telecommunications infrastructure index from 63rd place in the 2010 report to 30th in 2012.

In

subsequent years, the growth rate of telecommunications infrastructure indicators in Russia decreased and they no longer provide further progress in the ranking, other countries began to overtake it - According to the corresponding component of the UN index, Russia dropped from 30th place in 2012 to 33rd place in the 2014 ranking and 38th in 2016, which also determined the decline in the overall ranking.

The decrease in the growth rate of telecommunications indicators is partly due to the general economic situation, and partly due to a delay in the implementation of measures to reduce the digital gap in Russia (a universal communication service for access to broadband access in settlements with a number of residents of 250 and higher was introduced only in 2014, there are delays in the implementation of this and other measures), Khokhlov and Shaposhnik summarize. A change in the methodology for measuring the number of cellular subscribers also made a certain contribution to the decrease in the place - in recent years, Russia has become, in accordance with the ITU methodology, to take into account only active subscribers, which reduced the value of this indicator.

2014: Korea leader, Russia in 27th place

According to the UN rating for 2014, Korea is the leader, Australia is in second place, Singapore is in third.

Russia is in 27th place (the position has not changed relative to the results of 2012).

At the same time, back in 2008, President Vladimir Putin set the government the task of becoming one of the twenty leading countries in the world by 2015 (in the strategy for the development of the information society, which he signed in February 2008).

At the end of 2014, Russia left behind such European countries as Latvia, Lithuania and Switzerland. Kazakhstan is located in 28th place.

• 2014 UN E-Government Ranking (PDF)

• Another reference to the same document

2013: Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications makes efforts to increase Russia's position in the ranking

In April 2013, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications developed^[3] of a set of measures to modernize the portals of the Government and five ministries, which the compilers of the UN e-government rating draw attention to. Officials will have to implement these measures as quickly as possible, as UN analysts are about to begin monitoring sites.

2012: Russia soars from 59th to 27th place

According to the 2012 index, Russia was in the third ten countries ranked 27th (out of 190) versus 59th in the previous study. Russia in the 2012 ranking was between Monaco and the UAE. The top five of the 2012 ranking were: Korea, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Denmark and the USA. Interestingly, the researchers note that Russia's sharp advance in key indicators between 2010 and 2012:

Among the countries of Eastern Europe Russia, it ranked first in 2012:

Full version of the 2012 rating on the website

See also

• Russia in IT ratings
• E-Government of Russia

Notes