RFNC-VNIIEF: Logos Program Package

|автор= Director for Mathematical Modeling of Rosatom State Corporation Dmitry Fomichev|"A consortium of Russian developers of CAE systems was created under the auspices of Rosatom in July, it is developing, other Russian vendors are invited to participate. The consortium is faced with two key tasks: the creation of a comprehensive multifysical solution for design and mathematical modeling as part of the implementation of industrial projects and the entry into the world market with an integrated solution that has no analogues in the world. We assume that the predominant number of Russian developments in the field of mathematical modeling can be compiled within the framework of a single proposal for the world scientific and engineering community, and this will allow us to present Russia in the field of CAE systems, "}}

|автор= emphasized the head of the Center for Digitalization of Organizations of the OPK FSUE "VNII" Center "Andrei Ageev |" The volume of barriers from foreign vendors in relation to our industry is increasingly noticeable. The use of foreign software products is limited, and not only in the defense industry complex - foreign countries track civilian competitors, and if we have product developers who can compete with solutions that are in the West, they are also limited in the use of foreign software. And the decision to increase the functionality of Logos was correct. Different industries, each in its own competence, already contribute to the development of Logos. We are a strong team, "}}

|автор= said VNIIEF Roman Korolev, Deputy Head of Rosatom.|"It is necessary to increase the functionality in order to cover the industry's need to solve modeling problems. We have chosen a path that does not impose any conditions on anyone: we provide a software environment that allows us to integrate both our specialized modules on the platform and the development of those organizations that in this class of tasks have the functionality necessary for us and for the industry. Based on this approach, the idea of ​ ​ creating a complex release was born, with which we go to the industrial customer together, providing him with the functionality that is in demand for him at all stages of the product design life cycle, "}}

|автор= Vera Gurova, General Director of RuSat - Digital Solutions (Rosatom), explained.|"Our main task is to set up Logos for market requirements. Therefore, our next steps are related to the development of the product for the requirements of enterprises. Any enterprise implementing a digital product needs to be led and supported throughout the life cycle of the project, this is the first. Secondly, it is important to understand the tasks of the enterprise and propose solutions for transferring processes to the Logos platform, a vision of how to do this with current infrastructure solutions and how to increase infrastructure capacity for the growing tasks of enterprises.

And the third area is the provision of remote resources to solve the problems of enterprises. We are ready to provide all this. In addition, we understand that solving the problems of enterprises is always an integration process. Therefore, our solutions, including with the participants of the consortium, will expand. We are ready to work with partners to integrate Logos digital product into current customer solutions, "}} |Выводить_на_вторых_en=No |Нет_английской=No |Только_английская=No |Не_отправлять=No |Событие_повторяемое=No |В_календарь_на_главной=No |В_календарь=No |В_рекламный_календарь=No |Выделить=No |В_Рамблер=No }}

The Logos program package, developed by specialists of the Federal Nuclear Center (RFNC-VNIIEF), which is part of Rosatom, is designed for industrial 3D modeling. It allows you to simulate the processes of aero-, hydro- and gas-dynamics, turbulent mixing, heat propagation in a solid body, thermal convection, radiation transfer, flow in a porous medium.

Applications: aviation industry,, atomic power rocket and space industry, automotive industry, etc.

Foreign competitors of the product -, ON ANSYS Abaqus, Nastran,. CD-Adapco

The Logos package implements various physical and mathematical models for calculating processes. The package is focused on the application of effective numerical methods using unstructured grids consisting of arbitrary polyhedra. The package includes a preprocessor designed for importing and processing CAD/FEM/CFD models, generating surface and volume grids, having a visual environment for preparing a calculation model and an interactive engineering visualization system.

Digital product "Logos"

Product Creation and Development History

2023

Issue of Logos Electromagnetism module

On December 22, 2023, Rosatom State Corporation announced the entry into the market of a new module of the flagship CAE-system of engineering analysis and mathematical modeling Logos - Logos Electromagnetism (Logos EMP), designed for numerical modeling of electromagnetic processes. Read more here.

"Logos" 5.3.22 with support for operating systems based on the Linux kernel

Rosatom State Corporation represented by the Russian Nuclear Center RFNC-VNIIEF on April 6, 2023 announced the release of an updated version of the Logos software package for mathematical modeling and engineering analysis (5.3.22). The most important changes relate to package support in different operating systems, preparation and execution of numerical modeling.

The updated version adds support operating systems based on - kernels Linux Astra Linux Special Edition x86-64 1.7, Aramid 3.1 x64, as well as MPI OpenMPI 3.1.6, OpenMPI 4.1.4 libraries.

Added localization, the ability to switch the interface between Russian and English. The changes also affected the technological environment of development. The license system server has been modified - the ability to combine license files issued for Logos has been added.

Updated the installer for the formation of distributions of digital products "Logos": it became possible to update/fix already installed components.

Starting from this version, the launch of multidisciplinary calculations will be carried out only using the Logos Platform module. "Logos Prepost" no longer provides such an opportunity.

For the Logos Platform module, component developer documentation has been prepared that allows the user to independently create user functions for calculation modules, integrate his own calculation programs with Logos calculation modules to solve specific industry multidisciplinary problems, create user blocks for calculation schemes in order to support the solution of user business problems when processing data in parametric research processes, optimization calculations and other engineering calculation processes.

In general, in the updated version there are more than 50 updates, changes and additions that affected all modules of the Logos package: Logos Aero-Hydro, Logos Heat, Logos Strength, Logos Platform, Logos Prepost and Logos Prepost (Aero-Hydro). " The comments and suggestions of users were taken into account, new features were added, the functionality of the modules was expanded, the work of a number of processes was accelerated, the stability of the modules was increased.

The improvement of the Logos CAE system is fundamentally important for us. To do this, there are channels of constant feedback from consumers: we conduct monthly webinars with various groups of industry customers, as well as analyze the use and development of Logos with our partners who have been using it in their production activities for many years. By 2030, when we plan to completely switch Russian industries to domestic CAE systems, our customer should receive the product of the highest quality level, "commented Dmitry Fomichev, Director of Mathematical Modeling at Rosatom State Corporation.

2022: Announcement of the international version of "Logos"

The state corporation Rosatom"" on November 24, 2022 announced an international version of its flagship digital product of mathematical modeling and engineering analysis "Logos." The developers are confident in the competitiveness of Logos and expect that in the future it will be able to take one of the leading positions in the global sphere of industrial ON the CAE class.

According to Dmitry Fomichev, Director of Mathematical Modeling at Rosatom State Corporation, Advisor to the Minister of Digital Development of Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation on a voluntary basis, international prospects of Rosatom's CAE system are based on the "strong IT competencies of Russian nuclear scientists and the fundamental scientific base of the nuclear industry in the field of physics and mathematics, and in general, Logos was created taking into account the high requirements of the Russian nuclear industry for the quality and safety of the software products used. "

The international version of the product is a set of basic modules with the functionality most in demand on the global market. Focusing on the first reviews of foreign users, further design of the international product development branch will take place.

Five modules of the digital product will be available to the foreign audience: Logos Aero-Hydro for modeling processes in air and water, Logos Heat for assessing thermal characteristics and modes of parts and units, Logos Strength for solving static and dynamic strength problems, Logos Hydrogeology for solving problems of water balance of territories and modeling environmental processes in a complex geological environment, Logos Platform - for integration, a single platform of Logos computing modules and CAE-class software from various developers.

The use of Logos will allow foreign consumers to increase the efficiency of justifying design solutions and safe operation of structures and equipment. During the development, the time and cost of justifying decisions will be reduced, bench experimental tests will be reduced due to the rejection of uninformative experiments, the quality of experiments within the framework of full-scale "test" tests will be improved, and industrial operation and release into a series will be accompanied by a state forecast, analysis of operating modes of structures or equipment.

The ability of Logos to adapt to the applied specifics of the tasks of various industries will be in demand among foreign consumers - this is due to the history of the use of the product in Rosatom at enterprises of various industry orientations, including mechanical engineering, production, power, construction and others.

The software is aimed at successfully solving the problems of foreign "atomic" consumers - as of November 2022, this niche is significantly expanding due to a serious increase in interest in nuclear power in the world. At the same time, Logos enters the foreign market as an integral component of Industry 4.0 and can be in demand in a large range of high-tech industries, including aircraft, shipbuilding, automotive and engine building, as well as the rocket and space industry.

Over the five years of development, Logos has become a mature digital product that has already confirmed its competitiveness along with its global counterparts. The Logos team has accumulated serious competencies and experience in using the product in various industries. We expect the corporation's digital products to increase credibility and demonstrate the corporation's digital capabilities. We understand that competition with global IT companies in the segment of mathematical modeling will not be easy, but our experience and confidence in the quality of the product gives us optimism, - commented on the international announcement of Logos, Director of Digitalization of Rosatom State Corporation Ekaterina Solntseva.

2021

Announcing the digital module "Logos Platform"

Rosatom State Corporation December 22, 2021 presented a module of its flagship digital product of engineering analysis computer and modeling - the computing platform "" Logos Platform for integrating various Logos modules, as well as software a class (SAI Computer-Aided Engineering) from a wide range of Russian developers. More. here

Announcement of the product launch on the international market

On December 10, 2021, Rosatom announced the entry of the Logos system into the global market. According to the director of digitalization of the state corporation Ekaterina Solntseva, the English-language version of the product will be released in 2022.

The domestic school of mathematics, physics and programming is very strong and has gained well-deserved recognition all over the world. Mathematical modeling is based on a combination of these disciplines, and this is one of those promising segments of the global market for digital solutions for industry, in which Russia has every chance of taking a worthy place, "she said in a conversation with TASS.

Rosatom launches supercomputer modeling software on the international market

Rosatom believes that by 2030 Russian technologies will be among the top three world products for solving mathematical modeling problems, Solntseva said.

According to her, after the emergence of the replicated Logos module, created in Rosatom of a package of programs for engineering analysis and supercomputer modeling of the Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) class, an internal import substitution program for mathematical modeling systems was launched at industry enterprises.

Today, several dozen large enterprises use our CAE systems. And by 2024, as we expect, all enterprises in the industry will switch to domestic digital products. Moreover, we are talking about decisions that in a number of key parameters will exceed foreign analogues, - she said.

The representative of Rosatom added that by December 10, 2021, a new large-scale project was launched - the introduction of Russian CAEs at industrial enterprises in general. To solve this problem, other developers of Russian CAE systems were invited to the consortium. Solntseva noted that the project was supported by President Vladimir Putin.^[1]

2020

Bringing Logos Solidity Module to Market with Full Functionality and Redesigned Interface

Rosatom On December 10, 2020, the State Corporation "" announced the launch of the Logos Strength software module, a digital product of Rosatom, to solve engineering strength problems in high-tech industries. industries

Logos Strength is a high-precision tool for determining the stress-strain state of parts, assemblies and structures in the design of high-tech industrial products. The digital product was created on the basis of long-term developments of Rosatom, which began in 2009 at the Federal State RFNC-VNIIEF Unitary Enterprise (the city of, Sarov Nizhny Novgorod region is part of Rosatom State Corporation).

Previously, the product "Logos Strength" was called LEGAK-DK^[2], under which it was supplied to industrial enterprises, in particular, back in 2010 - KamAZ^[3] Since 2017, the product already under the name "Logos Strength" was available on the Rosatom website.^[4] Thus, the development of this module has been going on for a total of about 10 years.

Previously, enterprises of the nuclear industry and other industries could use our separate solutions as part of work on strength tasks. In fact, we transmitted only the Logos Strength distribution kit, with existing restrictions on its functionality. In 2020, work was completed to ensure the full functionality of Logos Strength, the product interface was completely redesigned, and the possibilities for solving industrial problems were expanded. Also during the year they worked on its production, which involves, among other things, ensuring the alienation of a digital product, verification and validation of mathematical models, the creation of a service system, expert consulting and personnel training, Rosatom representatives told TAdviser.

Logos Strength became the third module of the software package for engineering analysis and supercomputer modeling of the CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) class. With its entry into the market, Rosatom completed a three-year stage of work on key elements of the independent import-dependent CAE system "Logos," which also includes the previously presented "Logos Aero-Hydro" and "Logos Teplo." After the release of the third module, the Logos CAE system allows you to comprehensively solve multifysical problems in a single interface, including calculations in the field of hydrogas dynamics, heat and mass exchange, dynamic, static and vibration strength, the state corporation specified.

In particular, the use of "Logos Strength" allows you to simulate modes that are inaccessible or extremely resource-intensive for field and bench experiments. Among them are car crash tests, checking the strength of the structural elements of aircraft, modeling emergency situations. Along with this, the digital product reduces the number of tests, the time and cost of developing new products. Among the applied strength problems that Logos Strength allows to solve is the calculation of the stressed-deformed state under quasi-static loading and intense dynamic loads, modeling of structural destruction processes in various emergency situations, as well as various types of vibration analysis: modal analysis for obtaining natural frequencies and forms of oscillations of the structure, analysis for obtaining response of the structure under the action of loads specified in a harmonic manner, analysis of the effect of broadband random vibration to obtain response of the structure under the action of loads specified in a probabilistic manner.

Thus, according to the developers, this system can close most of the needs for mathematical modeling of physical processes in various industries, and in the future it will develop in accordance with the new tasks of Russian enterprises.

Logos Strength is included in the unified register of Russian programs for electronic computers and databases of the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation. The product meets the requirements of information protection and security of high-tech industries in various industries, including aircraft, space, engine, automotive, shipbuilding, and also solves the problems of the nuclear industry.

"It is important that Logos Strength, like the entire Logos line, is a Russian digital product. It passed many years of testing within the framework of the nuclear industry: the system was used in solving the most critical tasks that require high quality, accuracy of calculations and ensuring the safety of engineering systems and structures. Therefore, we are confident in its competitiveness. Logos Strength is entering the open market, which means that its capabilities will become available to Russian enterprises from other industries, "said Ekaterina Solntseva, director of digitalization at Rosatom State Corporation. She added that the use of the Logos system will allow enterprises to avoid any external risks associated with possible changes in the market policy of foreign suppliers of comparable solutions, and the system will be in demand for state-owned companies and enterprises with state participation within the framework of import substitution programs.

The head of the research laboratory of the Institute of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics of the Russian Federal Nuclear Center (FSUE RFNC-VNIIEF) Andrei Shemyakin called one of the fundamental features of Logos the adaptation of the product to consumer tasks, which is achieved through close interaction of the customer with developers.

"Technologically, users receive a product that is created with their participation. Developers in the process of forming functionality, appearance hear the wishes of users and are guided by them. This allows you to create products that provide the ability to quickly shape the optimal appearance of products, as well as identify and eliminate problem areas. The same affects the economic benefit: shortening the design period, reducing production costs, optimizing technical characteristics, "said Andrei Shemyakin.

Dmitry Fomichev, Director of the Direction of Mathematical Modeling Block Digitalization Products of Rosatom State Corporation, among the important characteristics of the system, named the high speed and accuracy of solving problems, the absence in most cases of additional financial costs for hardware, as well as the presence of libraries of calculation models.

"The competencies of the RFNC VNIIEF in the field of high-performance (supercomputer) computing laid down in the system at the design stage make it possible to achieve high speed and accuracy of solving the most resource-intensive problems. At the same time, for most common tasks, the power of standard developer workstations assembled using modern multi-core processors is quite enough . Thus, in many cases, the transition to the use of the Logos system does not require significant additional investments in hardware. Another important feature of the software products of the Logos family is an extensive set of calculation models (libraries) that fully comply with the practices, principles and design standards used by the Russian engineering school. "

When implementing Logos, ROSATOM specialists, in accordance with the tasks business processes of the consumer enterprise, form an individual roadmap, and if a digital product is introduced as part of import substitution, ON consumers receive advice on relevant state support issues. Technical support includes both consulting on the installation and configuration of the system, including training of users, and system support for its use by the developer with the provision of assistance in creating design technologies for new engineering tasks and implementation. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

The system is delivered to customers with complete documentation in Russian. The requirements of Logos system customers are constantly analyzed and their wishes are taken into account as part of the system development.

Russian developers warned of problems when appointing Rosatom as the only supplier of software for supercomputers of government agencies

Russian developers ON reacted negatively to the proposal to "make Rosatom their" daughter "the only supplier software of supercomputer modeling systems for departments and state-owned companies. The association of developers "" software and Russoft"," Domestic software as well as the software consortium "Development" gave their conclusion on request. Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media

As Vedomosti writes with reference to the director of Domestic Software Renat Lashin, giving RFNC-VNIIEF exclusive rights to supply such software will not provide either cost reduction or import substitution of software, since Logos is able to solve an extremely limited range of problems in the field of engineering analysis and mathematical modeling. In the Russian Federation, there are successful original domestic commercial developments, and the decision to appoint a single supplier will only lead to the degradation of Russian engineering software, he noted.

The developers of the Russian Federation warned of problems when appointing Rosatom as the only supplier of software for supercomputers of government agencies

Alexei Smirnov, General Director of BASEALT, agrees that it is very difficult to replace imported engineering software, since if a part is already designed in one program, it cannot be transferred to another.

Ascona CEO Maxim Bogdanov fears a monopoly on the Russian supercomputer modeling market, as well as engineering analysis and services provided with their use. This will lead to the loss of competencies accumulated in this area by independent developers, he said.

According to the president of Russoft Valentin Makarov, the Rosatom initiative infringes on the interests of developers of similar systems, which, if implemented, will never grow into real competitors in the engineering software market.

According to ASCON, state purchases of CAD in 2019 amounted to 2.8 billion rubles, of which Russian manufacturers accounted for 45% of transactions in pieces and 23% in money.^[5]

Rosatom marks the only supplier of software for supercomputers for government agencies

On August 31, 2020, it became known about Rosatom's intention to make its subsidiary, the Russian Federal Nuclear Center, the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics (RFNC - VNIIEF), the only supplier of supercomputer modeling systems for departments and state-owned companies for 2020-2024. The state corporation sent a letter with a corresponding proposal to Nikolai Arkhipov, director of the government's defense industry department.

Arkhipov, in turn, proposed to consider this initiative of Rosatom to the relevant ministries and Roskosmos. It follows from the correspondence that we are talking about the use of the Logos system developed by the RFNC - VNIIEF. This is the only Russian software capable of competing with foreign counterparts, "and in some cases surpass," Rosatom said.

Rosatom marks the only supplier of software for supercomputers for government agencies

Market participants and representatives of associations interviewed by Kommersant are unhappy with Rosatom's proposal. One of the interlocutors, familiar with the package of documents sent by the state corporation to the government, is outraged that it has already prepared draft resolutions and directives of Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin on the introduction of Logos. The interlocutors of the newspaper also warn that the forced introduction of software will be painful: now customers are using foreign solutions, the forced transition to Logos will force them to completely change the cycle of work, which will require serious costs.

According to Russoft Valentin Makarov, there are Russian analogues on the market that can become competitors of Logos in the future.

A ban on their use in the public sector will lead to a loss of competencies and personnel among their manufacturers, which means a decrease in the stability of the industry and the potential for its growth, he is sure[6]

2019: Logos Heat digital product launch

On December 23, 2019, the company Rosatom"" announced the launch of the digital product "Logos Heat," designed to solve design engineering problems in the field of assessing the thermal characteristics and modes of parts and components in aircraft, engine, nuclear, and to power transport mechanical engineering other industries. The product was unveiled at a special event on December 17 To Moscow , 2019.

According to the company, Logos Teplo was prepared for launch on the market as part of the implementation of the Digital Products program, one of the key areas of the unified digital strategy of Rosatom State Corporation, approved at the end of 2018 and covering the period until 2030. One of the main tasks of Rosatom, according to the unified digital strategy, the creation and launch of its own replicated digital products on the market both for the nuclear industry and for other sectors of the Russian economy. The solution to this problem is a significant contribution to the implementation of the import substitution program, which has become a real necessity for the country as of December 2019, Rosatom believes.

Logos Heat is the second commercial release of the Logos software package. The first digital product of this family, Logos aero-hydro, was introduced in December 2018 and became the first digital product of Rosatom to be launched on the Russian market.

The development of the Logos program package began in 2009 at the Institute of Theoretical Mathematics and Physics (ITMF) at the RFNC-VNIIEF, located in Sarov.

The specialists of the institute solved the problem of the lack of domestic tools for performing complex computational engineering and supercomputer tasks for modeling complex processes.

Until 2017, Logos developed within the framework of a number of large projects for strategically important industrial enterprises. As of December 2019, the program package is used at more than 70 Russian enterprises.

We are glad to present to a wide audience "Logos Heat" - another digital product of "Rosatom," which is part of the package of programs "Logos." For us, this event is not only an important step in the "production" of developments in the nuclear industry, but also readiness to fulfill the announced digitalization plans on time: In December 2018, Logos Aero-Hydro was launched on the market to solve the problems of modeling processes of aero- and hydrodynamics, today - Logos Heat, and in 2020, Logos Strength was next in line to solve static and dynamic strength problems[7] told Ekaterina Solntseva, Director of Digitalization of Rosatom State Corporation

2016: Rosatom asks 685 million rubles for product development

To develop and commercialize the Logos package, a budget of 995 million rubles will be required, said Valentin Kostyukov, director of RFNC-VNIIEF, at a meeting on Russian information and supercomputer technologies with the participation of Dmitry Medvedev in February 2016 . Of these, 310 million rubles. ready to invest members of the community involved in the development and testing of the product, which unites about 40 organizations - scientific, public and private.

Kostyukov explained the relevance of the product development by the fact that in today's situation the key is the replacement of foreign software used at enterprises, "primarily ANSYS" and others, which are quite seriously common on the Russian market.

We are confident in the competitiveness of this product and consider it absolutely possible to implement it, - said Valentin Kostyukov at the meeting.

According to Kostyukov, Logos will be able to compete with imported counterparts, first of all, at the price: "We believe that the license for the Logos software product will be approximately four times cheaper than the ANSYS software product." In addition, to adapt its software on the market, the nuclear center plans to take advantage of the existing verification models that have been accumulated in the Russian industry.

RFNC-VNIIEF plans to finalize the functionality of the package and commercialize it in the four-year term. According to the calculations of the nuclear center, 2.7 thousand licenses of this software can be sold by 2025. According to Valentin Kostyukov, the RFNC-VNIIEF considered the issues of the main indicators related to the launch of Logos on the market: this is the number of licenses and technical support issues, and especially calculation modeling services, when it is possible to use the computing power of the nuclear center to provide industrial services.

Dmitry Zverev, director of OKBM named after I.I.Afrykantova, whose specialists are familiar with the product in practice, said at the meeting that in recent years the Logos developers have taken a very big step forward and proved that it is possible to create code competitive with foreign counterparts. At the same time, he noted that this code does not cover all the tasks that stand.

I would also recommend paying attention to the user interface. Good mathematicians are very healthy in parallel, and from the point of view of the user interface you need to work. Most importantly, it must be synchronized and unified for various industries. You need to pay attention to this, - said Zverev.

2013: Pilot Operation

As of the end of 2013, Logos is in pilot operation status. At this stage, it is used by companies "Dry" and, "Kamaz" the design organization of nuclear engineering "OKBM Africantov," an engineering company for atomic, to power SPbAEP a developer of nuclear reactors and [ OKB "Gidropress" [Research Center for the Rocket and Space Industry (NRC RCP).

2009-2012: Development as part of a supercomputer program

In 2009, the Presidential Commission for Modernization and Technological Development approved the program "Development of Supercomputers and Grid Technologies," the list of projects of which included the creation of domestic super-computers and the development of Russian software for design and simulation on super-computers. Logos became part of the government project, and its functionality began to be expanded and modernized for use in other industries.

During the period of the government program "Development of supercomputers and grid technologies" in 2010-2012. about 250 million rubles were allocated from the federal budget for the development of Logos. Approximately the same amount for these three years was attracted from extrabudgetary sources - the creation of software was sponsored by Rosatom, Sukhoi, Kamaz and other organizations.

In 2012, VNIIEF switched to pilot operation of the product, but did not receive government support at this stage. Representatives of the nuclear center noted that this project does not bring commercial benefits in a short time, and therefore, perhaps, less interesting to government agencies.

2005: Start of Development

The development of the Logos program package began at RFNC-VNIIEF back in 2005, but initially it was created for the internal needs of Rosatom and subordinate enterprises of the state corporation. The software was highly specialized and aimed at solving applied problems within the framework of the activities of Rosatom enterprises, the^[8] the^[9] by^[10].

Read also

• From ERP to PLM: Rosatom asks Medvedev for 5 billion rubles for import-substituting software
• Rosatom asks 685 million rubles for the development of the "killer" Ansys
• US and EU sanctions on Russian oil and gas sector

Notes