Main article: Russian economy
Foreign companies in Russia
Main article: Foreign companies in Russia
2023
In Russia, a record low number of enterprises closed over the year
In 2023, 254 thousand companies were closed in Russia (-9.3% by 2022), which was the lowest figure in 8 years. This was announced on January 22, 2024 by FinExpertiza analysts.
According to their estimates, in 2023 the number of open commercial enterprises in the Russian Federation amounted to 242.5 thousand, which is slightly more than a year earlier (242.1 thousand). Thus, the number of closed businesses turned out to be only 11.5 thousand more compared to the number of open companies, while in 2019 the advantage in favor of liquidated enterprises was 347.5 thousand. In subsequent years, this difference gradually decreased due to the annual reduction in the closure of legal entities. Registration of new enterprises gradually began to grow from 2021, but did not recover to the pre-pandemic (we are talking about the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic) value, the study notes.
Experts associate the decrease in the "mortality" of business with the completion of the main stage of cleaning the state register from fictitious companies. The economic restrictions that arose two years ago did not lead to a massive withdrawal of companies from the market, said Elena Trubnikova, President of FinExpertiza, in January 2024.
It follows from the FinExpertiza report that companies opened more often than closed in about a third of Russian regions. A significant increase in enterprises was observed in 2023 in Moscow (+ 18.2 thousand), the Moscow region (+ 4.8 thousand) and the Leningrad region (+ 1.9 thousand). In total, at the end of the past year, 242.5 thousand new commercial organizations were registered in Russia.
Experts note that the largest decline in companies occurred in St. Petersburg (7.7 thousand), Samara region (6.1 thousand), Tatarstan (3.3 thousand), Krasnodar Territory (2.5 thousand), Novosibirsk region (2.3 thousand), Sverdlovsk region (1.8 thousand), Vologda region (1.6 thousand), Omsk region (1.5 thousand) and Buryatia (1.4 thousand), as well as in the Chelyabinsk region (1.2 thousand).[1]
The number of companies operating in Russia increased by 0.04% to 2.61 million
The number of companies operating in Russia in 2023 increased for the first time since 2015 and reached 2.61 million. This is 0.04% more than in 2022. Such data are given on the website of the Federal Tax Service (FTS) of the Russian Federation.
As Interfax notes with reference to the statistics of the department, the maximum number of companies operating in the Russian Federation was as of January 1, 2016 - 4.15 million. After that, the figure for 7 years decreased by more than 37%, or 1.5 million companies.
According to the news agency, the main reason for this decline was the intensification of the activities of tax authorities to exclude legal entities from the state register after the order of the Federal Tax Service, which entered into force in May 2015, regulating measures to verify the reliability of information included or already contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, as well as the procedure for using the results of these measures.
According to the Federal Tax Service, in 2023, the number of commercial organizations included in the state register of the Russian Federation increased by 0.2%: from 242.1 thousand to 242.5 thousand. At the same time, over the past year, the number of commercial organizations that ceased their activities in connection with the liquidation amounted to 46.5 thousand, which is 5.1% less than in 2022 (49 thousand), follows from the data of the Federal Tax Service.
The number of companies excluded from the state register by decision of the Federal Tax Service amounted to 207.5 thousand in 2023. In 2022, this figure, according to the tax service, amounted to 231.2 thousand. The Federal Tax Service may exclude a company from the register if the legal entity does not provide reports and does not carry out banking operations or provides inaccurate information within 12 months.
In 2023, the number of companies that ceased operations in connection with the reorganization decreased by 8.9% compared to 2022, to 4.4 thousand from 4.8 thousand, in 2019, for this reason, 6.9 thousand companies ceased operations, in 2020 - 5.2 thousand, in 2021 - 5.1 thousand.[2]
The number of people employed in small and medium-sized businesses in Russia exceeded 30 million people
From September 2022 to September 2023, the number of Russians employed in the segment of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs), as well as self-employed and individual entrepreneurs (individual entrepreneurs) increased by 8.5% and amounted to 30.5 million people. Such data in November 2023 are given in the Finexpertiza study. Read more here.
In Russia, the number of new IT businesses has increased by 17% since the beginning of the year
In January-April 2023, about 1000 new individual entrepreneurs and IT LLCs were registered in Russia, which is 17% more compared to the same period in 2022. Such data are provided in a joint study by Business Environment and Rambler & Co. It was made public at the end of May 2023. Read more here.
2022
Opening of 1.05 million companies
In 2022, about 1.05 million commercial enterprises opened in Russia. This was announced in June 2023 by analysts at Atol.
According to their forecasts, in 2023 there will be an increase in the number of openings of new enterprises and the preservation of a positive trend in registrations. By May 2023, more than 1.6 million trade and service enterprises of various sizes operated in the Russian Federation, about 38% of which are Atol customers. At the same time, the number of cash desks of the company operating in Russia is about 1.4 million devices.
According to FinExpertiza experts, 242.1 thousand new commercial enterprises were opened in Russia in 2022. This is 19.2 thousand, or 8.6%, more compared to the previous year. At the same time, 280.2 thousand companies were closed in the country - by 93.9 thousand, or 25.1%, less than a year earlier. At the initiative of the owners in 2022, 49 thousand companies or 17.5% were liquidated, including 6.9 thousand in bankruptcy.
According to Elena Trubnikova, President of FinExpertiza, the number of annually registered commercial enterprises has stabilized at about the same level. At the same time, the number of liquidated companies has been declining for the third year in a row. In 19 regions, the number of open enterprises exceeded the number of closed ones, in the rest the share of liquidations is higher than the share of registrations of new companies.
According to a study by FinExpertiza, most of the closed companies were excluded from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities by decision of the tax service. These are companies with signs of fictitious business or actually inactive (during the year they did not conduct transactions on bank accounts and did not hand over tax reports). At the initiative of the owners, 17.5%, or 49 thousand, of the companies were liquidated, of which 6.9 thousand were in bankruptcy.
The revenue of Russian companies for the first time exceeded 1 quadrillion rubles
The revenue of Russian companies in 2022 for the first time exceeded 1 quadrillion rubles - organizations declared before tax revenues in the amount of 1268 trillion rubles, which is almost twice as much as a year earlier (655 trillion rubles). Such figures were published by RBC according to the results of the analysis of data by the Federal Tax Service on June 20, 2023.
Despite the multiple growth in revenue, the net profit of companies did not increase so significantly - by 5.9%, from 29.4 trillion to 31.1 trillion rubles. With an average inflation of 13.8%, the real profit of companies decreased, writes RBC. Experts interviewed by the publication suggest that the discrepancy between revenue and profit is associated with increased costs due to sanctions pressure.
The explanations of the Federal Tax Service note that profit growth also occurred at the expense of the oil and gas sector, especially due to "an increase in the average actual prices for the sale of natural gas for export." The amount of calculated income tax from all organizations in 2022 amounted to almost 5.6 trillion rubles. Since 2015, the "tax" profit of companies has grown steadily, but in the pandemic (we are talking about the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic) 2020, it sank 8% compared to 2019, follows from the data of the Federal Tax Service.
According to Alexander Chepurenko, professor at the Department of Economic Sociology of the Department of Sociology of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Higher School of Economics, a relatively low increase in net profit may indicate a jump in business costs, including logistics.
A significant increase in non-operating income could be the result of accounting for positive and negative exchange rate differences in profit, confirms Pavel Kondukov, partner of BGP Litigation.
 | Against the background of the volatility of the ruble, exchange rate differences arose and were taken into account when carrying out various operations in foreign currency - loans and other debt obligations, dividend payments, sales and purchases of foreign currency and other operations with foreign structures, he said.[3] |  |
The number of closed companies exceeded the number of open by 38.1 thousand
The number of closed companies in Russia exceeded the number of open ones by 38.1 thousand, or 13.6% in 2022.
Growth in the number of SMEs in Moscow by 6%
In Moscow, at the beginning of August 2022, more than 772.8 thousand small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) were registered, which is 6% more than a year ago.
78 thousand new enterprises opened in Ukraine in 4 months after the start of SVO, 113 thousand closed
From March to June 2022, 113.5 thousand commercial enterprises closed in Russia, which is 17.5% more than in the same period last year. At the same time, 78.6 thousand new enterprises appeared in the country in four months. The number of liquidated businesses exceeded the number of new ones by one and a half times.
2021: Growth in new companies for the first time in 6 years
In Russia, for the first time in 6 years, the number of new companies has grown. This happened in 2021, according to a study by the Institute for Statistical Research and Knowledge Economics of the Higher School of Economics (HSE), which was published in mid-August 2022.
According to the report, excerpts from which Kommersant cites, in 2021, 234.2 thousand legal entities were created in Russia against 225.6 thousand a year earlier.
At the same time, the number of liquidated companies decreased - from 527,200 in 2020 to 391,600 in 2021. Such dynamics may indicate a possible change in trend and a reduction in the rate of decline of companies, the moratorium on bankruptcy for the industries most affected by COVID-19 was a temporary measure and could affect the dynamics only in 2020, experts say.
A significant part of the businesses liquidated in 2020 and 2021 fell on the most vulnerable to market restrictions - trade (47%) and services (20%). The latter includes repairs, beauty salons, travel agencies, construction.
The lowest increase in the number of legal entities (the difference between emerging and liquidated companies) Moscow is at (-11.1) and (St. Petersburg -10.7). This is due to the fact that in these cities the epidemic was the strongest, and the concentration of the most affected industries in the coronavirus crisis is highest.
Experts also noted that in 2020-2021 the number of individual entrepreneurs and self-employed grew. For example, by July 2022, the number of the latter exceeded 5.4 million people. Among the most frequent areas of work self-employed are repairs, cars, IT the -sphere, the beauty industry and information services. The transition to individual entrepreneurs and self-employed is explained by the possibilities to optimize costs and reduce administrative pressure. At the same time, according to analysts, shredding of business can slow down the development of entrepreneurship.[4]
2020
The number of closed companies was 2.3 times higher than the number of opened ones. 3.44 million legal entities remained
In 2020, 2.3 times more companies closed in Russia than opened. This is evidenced by the data of the Center for Macroeconomic Analysis and Short-Term Forecasting (CMASP).
As Kommersant writes with reference to the study, one open company in 2020 accounted for 2.3 terminated activities, against 2.1 a year ago. At the same time, 549 thousand companies completed their activities in 2020 - 16.7% lower than in 2019. The main reasons are:
- 1.9% - reorganization (succession is preserved);
- 12% - liquidation (including bankruptcy);
- 85.3% - exclusion from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities by decision of the registrar (for example, inactive legal entities).
In addition, TsMAKP notes the ratio of the number of closures and openings of new companies. So, at the end of 2020, the number of legal entities in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities amounted to 3.44 million, which is 8.2% lower than in 2019.
In 2020, we can talk about at least 2 thousand legal entities-potential bankrupt, "dropped" from statistics as a result of a moratorium on bankruptcy. Among such companies, about 200 are medium and large businesses (revenue from 800 million rubles per year). According to analysts in 2020, the number of bankrupt, despite the "conditions of increased uncertainty," decreased by 19.8%.[5]
According to the audit and consulting network FinExpertiza, 515.5 thousand companies were closed in Russia in 2020, which is 2.4 times higher than the number of newly created firms. It is noted that the ratio of closed and open companies turned out to be the worst in 18 years.
The largest decline in business was registered in St. Petersburg, the Tula region, Kabardino-Balkaria, Moscow and the Pskov region. Only in two regions, the number of new enterprises exceeded the number of closed ones.
The trend towards exceeding the number of closed companies in Russia as a whole over the number of open ones began back in 2016 and continued in subsequent years. FinExpertiza in the study refers to Rosstat data.[6]
1465 state-owned companies. Privatization plan
In July 2020, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation developed a plan to reduce the number of companies with state participation until 2025. Every year, more than 100 legal entities controlled by the state must pass into private hands.
At the beginning of 2020, the Cabinet of Ministers has already announced a forecast privatization plan for 2020-2022. It is expected that revenues to the federal budget from the sale of state property will amount to 3.6 billion rubles annually.
In 2020, there are 1,465 state-owned companies in Russia. According to the document, in 2021 their number will be reduced to 1319, in 2022 - to 1187, in 2023 - to 1068. As a result, by 2025, 961 enterprises with state participation should remain in the country.
For three years, it is planned to privatize 86 federal unitary state-owned enterprises, 186 joint-stock companies, state participation in 13 limited liability companies, as well as another 1,168 facilities.
2015: 4.15 million commercial companies
According to the Federal Tax Service, the total number of operating commercial companies, information about which is contained in the unified state register, in 2015 increased by 4% - to 4 million 150.4 thousand. The total number of legal entities, information about which is contained in the state register, increased during this period by 3.5% - to 4 million 820.4 thousand.
The number of commercial organizations included in the state register as newly created in 2015 amounted to 449.1 thousand, which is 6.8% more than in 2014 (420.5 thousand), according to data on the website of the Federal Tax Service (FTS) of the Russian Federation.
At the same time, the number of companies that ceased their activities decreased by 36.2% - to 306.7 thousand against 481.2 thousand in 2014.
Including the number of companies that ceased operations in connection with the liquidation increased by 14.1% - to 62.1 thousand from 54.5 thousand, of which the number of liquidated in bankruptcy increased by 8.0% - to 11.0 thousand from 10.2 thousand.
In connection with the reorganization, 70.2 thousand companies ceased operations in 2015, which is 14.5% more than in 2014 (59.9 thousand). At the same time, the number of companies created through reorganization for the year amounted to 10.6 thousand, which is 20.8% less than in 2014 (13.3 thousand).
The number of companies that ceased their activities due to exclusion from the state register by decision of the Federal Tax Service in 2015 decreased 2.1 times compared to 2014 - to 173.7 thousand from 366.1 thousand.
Since the end of 2005, tax authorities have been constantly working to exclude inactive legal entities from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (within 12 months of those who did not submit reports and did not carry out banking operations), most of which are one-day companies created to avoid taxes, as well as to transfer "kickbacks," bribes, illegal withdrawal of funds abroad, financing terrorist activities[7].
The number of newly registered individual entrepreneurs (individual entrepreneurs) in 2015 (with the exception of those who registered and ceased their activities during the year) amounted to 653.4 thousand, which is 12.3% more than in 2014 (581.7 thousand).
For comparison: in 2014, an increase of 29% in the number of newly registered individual entrepreneurs was recorded compared to 2013 (450.2 thousand), and in 2013 compared to 2012 (553.4 thousand) - 19% less.
The number of individual entrepreneurs who ceased operations in 2015 amounted to 564.5 thousand, which is 9.0% less than in 2014 (517.8 thousand).
According to the Federal Tax Service, as of January 1, 2014, 3 million 500.7 thousand were registered in the unified state register. IP, which is 80.1 thousand, or 2.3% more than at the beginning of 2015 (3 million 420.6 thousand).
See also
Notes
- ↑ Business deaths reduced to a minimum in 8 years
- ↑ The number of companies operating in the Russian Federation in 2023 increased for the first time since 2015.
- ↑ Revenue of Russian companies for the first time exceeded quadrillion rubles
- ↑ And other legal entities
- ↑ Business neither start nor finish. New companies are created less often than old ones go bankrupt
- ↑ In the pandemic year, the ratio of closed and open companies turned out to be the worst in 18 years
- ↑ The number of commercial companies reached 4.15 million in Russia
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