Main article: Russia
2023: Armed mutiny "March of Justice" PMC "Wagner"
On the evening of June 23, 2023, the private military company of Yevgeny Prigozhin "Wagner" began the "March of Justice" to Moscow. The authorities qualified him as an armed rebellion. Largely thanks to the efforts of the President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko, it was possible to stop the military columns and eliminate the risks of a growing civil conflict. For more details, see PMC Wagner.
2022
Inclusion of the LPR, DPR, Kherson and Zaporizhzhya regions in Russia
Main article: Subjects of the Russian Federation
On September 30, 2022, the president Russia Vladimir Putin signed agreements on the inclusion Hersonskaya Zaporozhskaya regions of the LPR, DPR, and Russia.
On October 19, the president introduced martial law in the DPR, LPR, Zaporozhye and Kherson regions.
- He instructed to introduce an "average level of response" in the regions bordering Ukraine and new territories.
- In , To the Crimea Sevastopol,,, Krasnodar Territory,, Belgorod Bryansk Voronezh Kurskaya Rostovskaya regions, it is necessary to introduce a special regime, transport communications and communications, facilities, power engineering specialists according to Putin's decree.
- Maximum level of response: DPR, LPR, Zaporozhye and Kherson regions. Territorial defense headquarters will be created there.
- Heads of regions should be given additional powers to ensure security.
- The presidential decree provides for several levels of response to security risks.
- The government, at the direction of Putin, creates a Coordination Council headed by Mikhail Mishustin with the participation of ministers, representatives of the Presidential Administration and the State Council.
- He instructed Sergei Sobyanin, as the head of the State Council commission, to join in coordinating the work of the regions to improve security.
Russia and Ukraine are ready to make peace, but Britain is seeking a big war from Zelensky
What is happening on To Ukraine was the result of Kyiv's intention to join the North Atlantic Alliance, [1] ex-Prime Minister Israel Naftali Bennett, who served as an intermediary between the Russian Federation and Ukraine at the beginning of the conflict, confirmed in February 2023.
President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy, during contacts at the initial stage, was already ready to abandon the idea of joining the alliance. "This whole war happened because of their desire to join NATO, and then Zelensky says:" I refuse this idea, "Bennett said. However, he added, Western countries interrupted negotiations and decided not to negotiate with Moscow.
In an interview, Bennett also said that after the start of a special operation in Ukraine, Zelensky asked him to contact the President of the Russian Federation. He claims that the president Russia Vladimir Putin at the beginning of the special operation assured him that Zelensky would not be eliminated. According to the ex-prime minister, after meeting with Putin, he called Zelensky, who was hiding in a bunker, and handed him the contents of the conversation. After learning of Putin's promise, Zelensky returned to the office and recorded a video in which he announced that he was not afraid to stay in. Kiev
Later, in November 2023, the leader of the Ukrainian faction "Servant of the People" Arakhamia, who headed the Ukrainian delegation in negotiations with Russia, also recognized this:
- [The purpose of the Ukrainian delegation was to delay the process. What was the goal of the Russian delegation?]
- In my opinion, they really believed to the last that they could finish us so that we would take neutrality. This was the main thing for them: they were ready to end the war if we accept neutrality, as Finland once did. And we will make a commitment that we will not join NATO.
- [Only this item?]
- Factually, the key point was this one. Everything else is cosmetic political seasonings about denazification, the Russian-speaking population and blah blah blah.
- [Why did Ukraine not agree to this clause?]
- First, to agree to this clause, it was necessary to change the constitution. Our path to NATO is fixed in the constitution. Secondly, there was no trust in the Russians that they would fulfill this. This could only be done with security guarantees. We could not sign something, move away, exhale - suddenly they would then go in, and we are not ready for this. Therefore, this was possible only if we could be sure that this would not happen again. And there is no such confidence. Moreover, when we came back from, Istanbul Boris Johnson (Prime Minister) Britain Kiev came in and said that we would not sign anything with them at all. And "let's just fight."
Plan to include Ukraine in NATO leads to Russia's special operation in Ukraine
On February 24, 2022, due to NATO's refusal to impose a ban on the inclusion of Ukraine in the bloc, the Russian Armed Forces were forced to launch a special operation in this country to guarantee the security of the Russian Federation.
"I am not satisfied with the reasoning and arguments with which many, including my friends, justify Russia's aggression by the fact that NATO did not fulfill its promises. Perhaps that was the case. There may have been a hoax. But this is history. Do not remember this, "Borrell, head of EU diplomacy, said in October 2022.
2015
EU seeks Minsk agreements with Russia to buy time for rearmament of Ukraine
In 2022 GERMANY , ex-Chancellor Angela Merkel said in an interview that "the 2014 Minsk Agreement was an attempt to give To Ukraine time. They used that time to get stronger, which you can see today. Ukraine the 2014/15 sample is not today's Ukraine. As we could observe during the fighting in the Debaltseve area in early 2015, Putin could easily capture them then. "
1999
Putin appointed acting President of Russia
Since December 31, 1999, Vladimir Putin is the acting President of the Russian Federation.
Putin is the head of the Russian government
Since August 1999, Vladimir Putin was appointed Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.
1996: Boris Yeltsin re-elected for second presidential term
1994
1924-1991: USSR
Main article: USSR
1922: End of the Civil War
During the Civil War in Russia, about 10.7 million people died; about 2 million people who did not share the views of the new government preferred to leave the country.
1921
1920
1919
Sverdlov's death
According to the official version, Yakov Sverdlov fell ill with the Spanish flu, returning to Moscow from Kharkov (left Kharkov on March 6, 1919). He returned to Moscow on March 8. The fact that he was "seriously ill" was reported on March 9. He died on March 16, 1919. March 18, 1919 was buried at the Kremlin wall.
In 1994, a letter from G. G. Yagoda to Stalin dated July 27, 1935 was discovered in the Russian State Archive of Recent History, in which Yagoda reported that Sverdlov's personal safe was found in the warehouse of the Kremlin commandant, which had not been opened for all 16 years since his death. There were gold coins of royal minting for an astronomical amount (108,525 rubles), over seven hundred gold products with precious stones, many forms of passports and filled passports in the name of Sverdlov himself and unknown persons, bonds of royal time, etc.
1918
End of World War I. Millions of victims in Russia
Main article: World War I
Transfer of the capital from Petrograd to Moscow
On March 12, 1918, the capital of Russia was moved from Petrograd to Moscow.
1917
October Revolution and the beginning of the Civil War
July crisis
July days (July uprising, July crisis) - anti-government protests on July 3- 5 (16 - 18), 1917 in Petrograd, following the military defeat at the front and the government crisis (the withdrawal of cadet ministers from the government under the pretext of concessions made by the government delegation in negotiations with the Central Rada).
The July events disrupted the unstable balance of power between the Provisional Government and the Petrosoviet ("dual power"). The unrest, which began with spontaneous speeches by soldiers of the 1st Machine Gun Regiment, workers of Petrograd factories, Kronstadt sailors under the slogans of the immediate resignation of the Provisional Government and the transfer of power to the Soviets, took place with the direct participation of anarchists and part of the Bolsheviks. Left-wing extremism has sparked pushback from right-wing forces. As a result, the demonstration on July 3-4, 1917 ended in bloodshed.
The July events led to the persecution of the Bolsheviks by the authorities, who put forward a version of Lenin's involvement in espionage in favor of Germany. The flight of Lenin and Zinoviev from Petrograd and their transition to an illegal situation did not seriously affect the attitude of the people towards the Bolsheviks.
February Revolution and the end of the Romanov Dynasty
1914: Russia enters World War I
Main article: World War I
1913
1912
1908: Lenin on Capri visiting Gorky
1907: Dzhugashvili participates in organizing the robbery of the Treasury carriage
1905
1896
1892
1891
1886: Empire's record-breaking territory
1875
1867: North American United States buys Alaska from Russia
The agreement on the sale by Russia of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands was signed on March 30, 1867 in Washington.
On May 3, 1867, the treaty was signed by Emperor Alexander II. According to the treaty, the entire Alaska Peninsula, the Alexander Archipelago, the Aleutian Islands with Attu Island, the Near Islands, Rats, Foxes, Andreyanovsky, Shumagina, Trinities, Umnak, Unimak, Kodiak, Chirikova, Afognak and other smaller islands passed to the United States; islands in the Bering Sea: St. Lawrence, St. Matvey, Nunivak and the islands of Pribylov - St. George and St. Paul. Together with the territory of the United States of America, all property located in Russian possessions in Alaska and the islands was transferred.
On October 18 of the same year, a ceremony was held to officially transfer Russian America to the North American United States in exchange for a check worth $7.2 million in gold. In the capital of the Russian colony Novoarkhangelsk (Sitka), the Russian garrison gave way to the American, the US flag was raised over Sitka.
1861: Abolition of serfdom
1860: Accession of Primorye to Russia under the Beijing Treaty
1828: The beginning of the construction of Russian fortifications on the coast of the West Caucasus
1791: England arm large maritime forces to attack Russia in the Baltic
In the spring of 1791, relations between Russia and England once again deteriorated greatly. The reason for this was the successes of the Russian troops in the second Turkish war. The English wished the Swedish king to attack Russia again, but after recent crushing defeats, he did not violate the Verel peace. Then England armed a large naval force to send to the Baltic Sea. 36 battleships, 12 frigates and the same number of small ships were equipped [1]
William Pitt the Younger, the youngest prime minister in British history, was preparing to speak in Parliament explaining the need for such a move. Among the speakers who spoke ardently against another aggression was Charles James Fox (1749-1806), a famous politician, a friend of the Prince of Wales (later King George IV). As a result, it was decided to send envoys to Russia to put forward the terms of the agreement.
After Fox delivered a fiery speech in the English parliament objecting to plans to attack Russia, Empress Catherine II was delighted by the speaker.
The Chancellor of the Russian Empire, Count Bezborodko, acquired a marble bust of Fox by personal order of the Empress, and for the Cameron Gallery in Tsarskoye Selo, the bust was cast in bronze. For more details see Tsarskoye Selo.
1766
K. G. Razumovsky (1728-1803) younger brother of A. G. Razumovsky, Count (1744).
He studied abroad, in particular with the famous mathematician Leonard Euler. After returning to St. Petersburg, he was appointed president of the Academy of Sciences (1746-1798), patronized M.V. Lomonosov and other Russian scientists. He took part in the palace coup of 1762, as a result of which Catherine II ascended the throne.
The last hetman of the Zaporozhsky Army (1750-1764), Field Marshal (1764), member of the Council of State (1768-1771).
After the death of his wife in 1771, he retired from business and settled on his estate in Baturin, Chernihiv province, where he died.
1762
The wife of Peter III overthrows him from the throne and begins to rule under the name of Catherine II
The Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov dynasty begins to rule the Russian Empire
Main article: Holstein-Gottorp-Romanovs
Thanks to the inheritance along the female line, the Holstein-Gottorp dynasty took the name of the Romanovs and in 1762, represented by Emperor Peter III, became the head of the Russian Empire.
1741: Elizaveta Petrovna becomes empress of Russia
Elizaveta Petrovna - Russian empress from the Romanov dynasty from December 6, 1741 to January 5, 1762, the youngest daughter of Peter I and Catherine I, born two years before their marriage.
1710: Peter I gave his wife Ekaterina Alekseevna the Sarsky Manor - the future Tsarskoye Selo
Main article: Tsarskoye Selo
XVII century
1700: Decree of Peter I on the transition to European clothing
On January 14, 1700, a decree of Peter I was signed, prescribing to dress in European clothes.
1699: Peter I introduces the celebration of the New Year on January 1 and declares next year 1700th instead of 7209th
Main article: New Year's Eve
In Russia, New Year and Christmas traditions are counted from 1699, when Peter I announced a new Julian chronology. According to him, now the holidays of Christmas and New Year went one after another - December 25 and 31. Prior to that, the New Year came in September.
After December 31, 7208 came January 1, 1700.
1686: Russia buys Kyiv from Poland for 7 tons of silver
In new negotiations on "eternal peace" in 1686, the Russians declared to the Polish ambassadors that Kyiv "would not yield without blood" ("az do krwi i golf polozenia nie ustapimy," as the Polish envoys to Warsaw reported).
Russia took advantage of the fact that the Poles, by that time drawn into a big war with Turkey, had no time to return their former possessions. But the right of brute force, which allowed not to give back the promised, was required to be put on diplomatic forms. Therefore, the Poles were hinted that Moscow is ready to pay for Kyiv.
The Polish magnates wanted money, but they also could not openly sell a piece of their state, and even having such a symbolic meaning. And the parties began long negotiations on the amount that Russia would pay Poland "out of brotherly friendship and love" - this is how diplomats in 1686 officially formulated the purpose of the payment. In fact, a long and passionate discussion of the price at which Moscow will buy Kyiv from Warsaw began.
Several months were traded in the style of an eastern bazaar. Initially, the Polish ambassadors named the amount of 4 million zlotys (800 thousand rubles), in response the Russians gave their price, 26 times less, - 30 thousand rubles. Polish ambassadors emotionally called the Russian proposal a "joke" and pathetically exclaimed that "their heart was taken out" along with Kyiv. In response, the Moscow boyars melancholy agreed to "add to the previous thing."
800 thousand rubles at that time were equal to half of all revenues of the Russian state for the year. And the Poles in the bargaining lost first, reducing the request to 3 million zlotys, or 600 thousand rubles. After a month of negotiations, this amount fell three times.
It is noteworthy that both sides recorded the course of diplomatic trade very carefully. Both Russians and Poles recorded in detail all the psychological reactions of rival diplomats: who watched how he spoke, when he raised his voice, etc. Therefore, historians now know literally for minutes when the favorite of Princess Sophia, Prince Golitsyn, shouted at the Polish ambassadors "wielkim glosem" and when the head of the Polish delegation, the Poznan governor Krzysztof Grzymultowski, looked "hard" at the Lithuanian chancellor Oginsky.
200 thousand rubles. negotiations stuck - Moscow boyars rested and offered the Poles to go home. Those week defiantly prepared for departure, after which they reported that they agreed and 150 thousand. The next two weeks of negotiations saved Moscow another 4 thousand rubles. - As a result, two Slavic states traded 146 thousand.
This amount corresponded to about 10% of the annual budget of Russia at that time. But the problem was that it was required to collect and transfer silver cash to the Poles, that is, to transport 7 tons of precious metal across the border. As a result, a new diplomatic scandal arose when carts loaded with silver in May 1686 got stuck in the mud near Smolensk due to the spring debauchery.
Therefore, the Poles received their 7 tons of silver for Kyiv for a whole year in three receptions. Most of all To Moscow , they feared that the amounts paid would go to strengthen the Polish army. But the money received by Warsaw did not benefit - local tycoons immediately divided it among themselves. And Moscow, having bought Kyiv and the "eternal peace" with the Poles, immediately began to prepare the first campaign on. Crimea
1667: Andrusov peace with Poland and the return of part of the lands of Ukraine
The Andrusov truce is an agreement concluded in 1667 between the Russian kingdom and the Commonwealth and put an end to hostilities in the Russian-Polish war of 1654-1667.
On January 30 (February 9), 1667, in a village near Smolensk, the Andrusovsky truce was signed, ending the 13-year Russian-Polish war. According to him, Russia crossed Smolensk, as well as other lands that had previously departed for the Commonwealth during the Time of Troubles, including Dorogobuzh, Belaya, Nevel, Krasny, Velizh, Severskaya land with Chernigov and Starodub. Zaporozhskaya Sich passed under the joint management of Russia and Poland. In addition, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth recognized Russia's right to Left-Bank Ukraine, but the city of Kyiv was required to be returned to the Poles under the terms of the armistice.
They really did not want to give up the capital of Ancient Russia in Moscow - Kyiv, "the patrimony of our eternal sovereign," was a visual symbol of Moscow claims to all ancient Russian heritage. The Poles were bargained that the Russian garrison would remain in the city temporarily, "for a period of two years." To calm the Polish nobility, the Russian tsar promised to pay them 200 thousand rubles. compensation for the estates destroyed by the rebellious Cossacks.
As a result, the temporary turned out to be constant - for the next 20 years, Moscow, under various diplomatic pretexts, delayed the "return" of Kyiv.
Development of the North: Mangazeya and Nadym settlement in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
- Mangazeya is the first Russian polar city of the 17th century in Siberia.
- Nadym settlement
Serif features of the Russian state in the XVI-XVII centuries (serif)
Main article: Serif features of the Russian state in the XVI-XVII centuries (serif)
1618
1609: Outbreak of the Russo-Polish War
In 1609, the Russo-Polish war began, which lasted until 1618 and went down in history as the "Polish-Lithuanian intervention," during which the Polish-Lithuanian troops occupied the Moscow Kremlin and China City for two years - from 1610 to 1612.
Kazan priest Ermolai, who later became the famous patriarch Hermogen, in the terrible time of Troubles for Russia, led the struggle for the preservation of Russian statehood and was the ideological inspirer of the Russian militia.
Having received news from Moscow about the unbearable share of Muscovites under the occupation of Poles and Lithuanians - in Nizhny Novgorod, under the leadership of Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky and the headman of one of the districts of Nizhny Novgorod, Kozma Minin, a militia was assembled that hastened to save the capital.
1572: Poems of Ivan the Terrible in honor of the Presentation of the Icon of Our Lady of Vladimir
Main article: Ivan IV the Terrible
1505: Reprisal against the scientific intelligentsia under the guise of "heresy of the Jews"
1475: Seizure of Crimea by Turks upsets Ivan the Young's wedding to Mangup prince's daughter
Ivan III, after marrying the niece of the last Byzantine emperor Sophia Paleolog (1472), tried to strengthen the connection of the Rurikovich with the relatives of his second wife and marry his son from the first marriage of Ivan the Young to the daughter of the Mangup prince (principality of Theodoro in Crimea).
Negotiations in 1474 were successful, but the ambassadors of Ivan III who soon arrived in Crimea were no longer able to carry out the mission assigned to them, since in 1475 the capital of the principality, among many other Crimean cities, was besieged by the Turks who came to the peninsula.
The siege of Mangupta lasted six months. According to legend, Muscovites were among his defenders. After the fall of the capital, the principality, which fell under the rule of the Turks, quickly fell into disrepair.
14th century: About 250 principalities
In the middle of the XII century, there were 15 Russian principalities. At the beginning of the XIII century, on the eve of the invasion of Batu, there were already about 50 of them. In the XIV century, the number of principalities approached 250.
1237: Map of Russia on the eve of the Mongol invasion
.svg)
1136: The expulsion from Novgorod of Vsevolod Mstislavich, the transfer of power to the veche and the establishment of an aristocratic republic
Main article: Novgorod region
At the beginning of the XII century, an extremely strong boyar formed in Novgorod, which did not allow a single princely branch to gain a foothold in the city. In 1136, Monomakhovich Vsevolod Mstislavich was expelled, and power passed to the veche. Novgorod became an aristocratic republic. The boyars themselves invited the princes. Their role was limited to the performance of some executive and judicial functions (together with the posadnik), and the strengthening of the Novgorod militia by princely vigilantes.
882: Kievan Rus'
Main article: Kievan Rus
Slavic tribes, Northern Russia and Russian Khaganate
Slavs
Main article: Slavs
Northern Russia
Main article: Northern Russia
Russian khaganate robbs and sells Slavs into slavery
The Russian Khaganate is a hypothetical state formation of the Rus (Rus) people. Most researchers believe that in its original form the Russian Khaganate could exist until the second half or the end of the 9th century, then giving way to the associations described in the Russian annals.
In the Bertin annals, under 839, the hakan of the Ros people is mentioned. This official Frankish chronicle contains the first indisputable mention of Russia in general and the statehood of this people in particular - the story of the Byzantine embassy that arrived in Ingelheim to the court of the emperor of the Frankish state Louis I the Pious on May 18, 839. Together with the Byzantines, people sent by the Byzantine emperor Theophilus arrived, about whom the chronicler reports the following:
With them [ambassadors], he [Theophilus] sent some more [people] who claimed that they, that is, the people (gens) of them, were called growth (Rhos) and that their king (rex), called chacanus, sent them to him, as they assured, for the sake of friendship.
In the mentioned epistle, he [Theophilus] asked that by the grace of the emperor and with his help they could safely return through his empire, since the way they came to him in Constantinople, ran through the lands of barbarian and in its extreme wildness exclusively fierce peoples, and he did not want them to return in this way, so that they would not be exposed in case of any danger.
Having thoroughly investigated [the purpose] of their arrival, the emperor [Louis] learned that they were from the Sueones people, and, considering them more intelligence officers in that country and in ours than ambassadors of friendship, decided to detain them to himself until it was possible to find out for certain whether they appeared with honest intentions or not.
Arab-Persian geographers of the second half of the 9th century mention hakana rus (Arabic and Persian خاقان روس). Works dating back to the so-called "Anonymous Geographical Note" of the 9th century (created no later than the 870s - 890s), which contains the oldest layer of Arab information about Eastern Europe.
Ibn Ruste, Gardizi, al-Marwazi, Hudud al-alam and others report that the Rus differ from the Slavs and live on the island, and their ruler is called the Hakan. This is the only description of the Russian Khaganate as a political and territorial structure, and unlike other evidence that allows alternative interpretations, here the title of kagana is directly associated with the Rus.
As for the Rus (ar-Rus'), they are on an island surrounded by a lake. The island on which they live, three days long, is covered with forests and swamps, unwell and cheese to the point that only a person should step foot on the ground, as the latter shakes due to the abundance of moisture in it. They have a king called hakan-rus. They attack the Slavs, drive up to them on ships, land, take them prisoner, take them to Khazaran and Bulgar and sell them there. They have no arable land, and they live only by bringing Slavs from the land.
The rulers of the Slavic tribes, according to Arab sources, were called princes earlier, in the 9th century. The Russ needed to mark their special status, different from the Slavic tribal nobility, which required their adoption of a non-cultural title in relation to the Slavs, and a higher rank. The title "kagan," borrowed from the Khazars, was appropriate.
According to G.V. Vernadsky, a community of Scandinavian merchants arose in the area of Lake Ilmen by the middle of the 9th century, which, thanks to its commercial activities, was in one way or another associated with the Russian Khaganate. The latter, according to the historian, was located at the mouth of the Kuban River on the Taman Peninsula. Vernadsky considered Staraya Russa to be the center of the northern "branch" of the Russian Khaganate. According to Vernadsky, in the vocation of the Varangians, according to the Ipatiev list of "Tales of Bygone Years" ("rkosha rus, chud, Slovene, and krivichi and all: our land is large and abundant, but there is no outfit in it: let you go to reign and volodit us") - members of the Swedish colony in Old Rus participate "under the name" rus ", mainly merchants trading with the Russian kaganate in the Azov region. Their goal in "calling the Varangians' was, first of all, to reopen the trade route to the south with the help of new groups of Scandinavians."
375: Invasion of the Huns. Ilmenskaya, Dyakovskaya, Moshchinskaya, Gorodets cultures
115g
30 BC: Finno-Ugric tribes, Sarmatians, Alans
129 BC: Kingdom of Bosporus
200 BC: Sarmatians, Finno-Ugric peoples, Evenks
530 BC: Scythians, Sarmatians
640 BC: Scythians
VII in BC: Colonies of Greeks Black Sea coast
Pit culture and the beginning of the settlement of Arias
IV thousand BC: Aeneolite - Copper-Stone Age
Culture of Tripol
A striking and expressive example of Neolithic culture is the culture of Tripol, widespread in the 4 - 3 millennia BC in the south of the European part of Russia and Ukraine and in the territory of a number of Balkan countries.
The end of the Tripoli culture dates back to the Chalcolithic (Copper Age) and Bronze Age. Tripol settlements of farmers were most often located along the banks of rivers. Houses made of clay and wood, rectangular in plan, were probably covered with ornamental paintings on the inside. Dwelling models and small female figurines were found in the settlements. But the work of the Tripolians in the decoration of ceramics was especially rich and widespread. In terms of variety of forms and ornamentation, Tripolian ceramics are not inferior to either Egyptian or non-Asian. The Tripol vessels were made of bright yellow or orange clay; the body of the vessel is covered with a diverse, but almost always consisting of spiral-shaped lines, geometric ornament, executed with red, black, brown, white colors.
Dolmen culture in the West Caucasus
Neolithic
Main article: Neolithic in Russia
VII thousand BC: Elshan culture with the oldest ceramics in Europe
Main article: Elshan culture
Elshan culture - Eastern European subneolithic archaeological culture of the 7th millennium BC. e. The area covers the Middle Volga region (Samara, Ulyanovsk regions, Buzuluk district of the Orenburg region). The oldest ceramic culture in Europe.
Paleolith
Main article: Paleolithic in Russia
Sungir is an Upper Paleolithic site on the outskirts of Vladimir, where people lived more than 30 thousand years ago. Sungir was not permanently inhabited. It was a basic parking lot, where people lived for a while a year, and then returned again, for example, after a year or several years. A large number of deer bones and horn products were found in the parking lot: in all likelihood, hunters of large animals, mainly reindeer, periodically came here.
The territory of Russia before the appearance of hominids
Main article: The history of the Earth before the appearance of hominids
Special History Articles
Russia's Foreign Policy
Economic history of Russia
History of culture in Russia
History of crime
History of the regions of Russia
Old Russian measures of length
See also
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