Vietnam

Population

Population

2022:98 million people

2018: 97.4 million people and 15th in the world in terms of population

In 2018, the population of Vietnam was 97,400,000 or 1.26% of the world population, 15th place. The average age is 30.4 years.

Migration

2021: Net outflow over 4 years

Average growth

Smoking

2018: Vietnam - in 12th place in the world in the number of smokers

Economy

Main article: Economy of Vietnam

Information Technology and Communications

Vietnam IT Market

Main Article: Vietnam IT Market

2023: How Vietnam's digitalization is going

Vietnam's efforts to digitalize the economy are driving investment activity in a variety of fields, including financial technology, retail, healthcare and payment systems. At the same time, in 2022, the total volume of investments in Vietnamese startups amounted to $634 million, which is 56% less than the record figure of $1.4 billion recorded in 2021. Such data are provided in early April 2023 in a report by the Do Ventures venture fund and the National Innovation Center as part of the Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam.

In 2020, the Vietnamese government announced a national digital transformation strategy aimed at increasing the share of the digital economy in gross domestic product to 20% by 2025. As part of this initiative, three new startup support centers were opened in 2021 - in Hanoi, Danang and Ho Chi Minh City. And since 2022, Vietnam has been conducting business innovation research to monitor the development of young companies.

According to GSMA Intelligence statistics, at the beginning of 2023, there were 161.6 million cellular connections in Vietnam. In the period from 2022 to 2023, the growth was approximately 4.7 million, or about 3%. The number of Internet users in the country as of the beginning of 2023 reached 77.93 million, and the penetration rate of web access is 79.1%. The number of users of social networks is estimated at 70 million, which is equivalent to 71% of the total population of the state. Vietnamese telecommunications companies are expected to invest up to $2.5 billion in the rollout and commercialization of 5G technology in 2020-2025.

Despite the significant opportunities that Vietnam's fast-growing digital economy provides, the country's data-related legislation could negatively impact the industry's development. International software and IT service providers may encounter certain problems.^[1]

Health care

2024: Ex-Vietnam health minister gets 18 years for $2.25 million bribes

On January 12, 2024, a court in Vietnam sentenced two high-ranking officials in proceedings related to the COVID-19 test kit scandal. Former Minister of Health Nguyen Thanh Long was sentenced to 18 years in prison for taking bribes worth $2.25 million. At the same time, Chu Ngoc Anh, the former Minister of Science and Technology, was sentenced to three years for poor management. Read more here.

2021: Maternity leave

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2020

Duration of guaranteed paid sick leave 6 months or more

Part of the population defecates on the street

Pharmaceutics

Main Article: Vietnam Pharmaceutical Market

Ecology

2021: Among the anti-leaders for clogging the world's oceans with plastic

The United States, which ranks third in the scale of clogging of the world's oceans. Researchers have acknowledged that the US and Britain are taking huge amounts of plastic for burial to other countries and their contribution to clogging the world's oceans is key.]]

2019: Plastic waste imports

Education

Libraries

2021: Vietnam - 6,691 public libraries

2019: Number of years of education by citizens over 25

Crime

2024: Vietnam's richest woman sentenced to death for embezzling $12bn

On April 11, 2024, a court Vietnam sentenced to death 67-year-old entrepreneur Truong My Lan in the case of the country's largest fraud in history. The woman was found guilty of embezzlement, bribery and violations of banking rules. The defendant is charged with embezzlement of more than $12 billion. More. here

Prisons

2019: The minimum age for children to be jailed is 14

2021: Number of prisoners - 123,697

2018: Number of prisoners per 100 thousand citizens

History

2023

Wo Van Thuong elected the new president of Vietnam

On February 23, 2023, the Vietnamese National Assembly appointed Wo Wang Thuong as Vietnam's new president, a major reshuffle in the country's top leadership amid a wide-ranging anti-corruption campaign. He became the youngest president in Vietnam's political history. Read more here.

President Nguyen Xuan Phuc resigns

In January 2023, Vietnamese President Nguyen Xuan Phuc resigned.

1976

Main article: Russian Foreign Policy

1975

1971: US sprays 77m litres of Agent Orange poison causing cancer over 14% of Vietnam

According to the US Department of Defense, from 1962 to 1971, as part of the Ranch Hand rainforest and vegetation destruction program, Americans sprayed 77 million liters of "agent orange" in South Vietnam, including 44 million liters containing dioxin.

The purpose of the spraying was to destroy the jungle vegetation, which made it easier to detect units of the North Vietnamese army and partisans of the NFOYUV. This is one of the most famous cases of the use of scorched earth tactics and the use of chemical weapons in human history. At the same time, the Air Force command insisted that they were "harmless to humans and wildlife."

The poison contained significant concentrations of dioxin, a mutagen that causes cancer and genetic mutations in people and other living things in contact with them.

Dioxin is a persistent substance, entering the human body with water and food, it causes various diseases of the liver and blood, massive congenital deformities of newborns and disorders of the normal course of pregnancy.

In total, at least 14% of Vietnam has been exposed to this poison.

In August 1961, U.S. President D. Kennedy authorized the use of chemicals to destroy vegetation in South Vietnam. Initially, for experimental purposes, South Vietnamese aircraft led by the US military used defoliant spraying over small forests in the Saigon region (now Ho Chi Minh City). In 1963, a more extensive area on the Kamau Peninsula (the current territory of Kamau Province) was treated with defoliants. With successful results, the American command began a massive use of defoliants.

The most actively used orange formulation (against forests) and blue (against crops of rice and other crops). For better spraying of chemicals, kerosene or diesel fuel was added to them.

According to the Vietnamese Society of Victims of Dioxin, of the three million Vietnamese victims of the chemical, by 2008 over a million people under the age of 18 had become disabled with hereditary diseases. Vietnamese victims were denied compensation for damage caused to life and health by exposure to the chemical.

Subsequently, it turned out that the Orange Agent led to serious diseases in a large number of American and South Vietnamese soldiers, as well as the local Vietnamese population.

The large-scale use of chemicals by American troops led to severe consequences. Mangrove forests (500 thousand hectares) were almost completely destroyed, 60% (about 1 million hectares) of jungle and 30% (more than 100 thousand hectares) of lowland forests were affected. Since 1960, the yield of rubber plantations has decreased by 75%. American troops destroyed from 40 to 100% of plantations of bananas, rice, sweet potatoes, papaya, tomatoes, 70% of coconut plantations, 60% of hevea, 110 thousand hectares of casuarina plantations.

As a result of the use of chemicals, the environmental balance of Vietnam has seriously changed. In the affected areas, out of 150 species of birds, 18 remained, amphibians and insects almost completely disappeared, the number of fish in rivers decreased and their composition changed. The microbiological composition of the soils was disturbed, plants were poisoned. The number of species of woody-shrub species of moist rainforest has sharply decreased: in the affected areas there are isolated species of trees and several species of spiny grasses that are not suitable for feeding cattle [5].

Changes in the fauna of Vietnam led to the displacement of one species of black rats by other species that are carriers of the plague in South and Southeast Asia. In the species composition of ticks, ticks-carriers of dangerous diseases appeared. Similar changes occurred in the species composition of mosquitoes: malaria mosquitoes appeared instead of harmless endemic mosquitoes.

The spraying of poison also took place over the territories of other countries of the Indochina Peninsula (Cambodia, Laos and Thailand).

1969

1967

1966

1965

1963

1962

1958

200 g BC.

Sport

2022: The most popular sport is football

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