Main article: China
Population
2023: Population decline by 2 million to 1.41 billion
The population of China in 2023 decreased by more than 2 million people to 1.41 billion due to high mortality and low birth rates.
2022: First population decline in 60 years to 1.411 billion residents
China For the first time in 60 years, the population began to shrink in 2022, a milestone for the world's second-largest economy, which is facing an increasingly severe demographic crisis.
The number of residents in 2022 decreased by 850 thousand people compared to last year. During the year, 9.56 million children were born in the country and 10.41 million residents died.
This is the first population decline in China since 1960, when in the three-year Chinese famine, the natural decline amounted to 241 thousand people. The statistics do not cover the period before 1950, but we can definitely say that this is the most significant population decline since World War II.
At the end of 2022, according to official data, 1.411 billion people live in China.
As a result, China lost the championship in the number of inhabitants of India, which at that time already has 1.417 billion people.
2021
2020: 1.412 billion people
China's population continued to grow, reaching 1.412 billion in 2020, even as fertility plummeted.
China had a population of 1.412 billion in 2020, a 5.38% increase from a decade ago but below previous official projections, according to ten-year census results.
However, the average annual population growth of 0.53% over the past decade was the slowest since the 1950s.
2019: Population dynamics since 1800
2017
Migration from China and to China
2023: Rise in illegal migration from China to the US via Mexico
Difficulties in obtaining American visas and the economic consequences of China's introduction of coronavirus restrictions have led to a sharp increase in the number of Chinese citizens arriving at the US-Mexican border.
An increasing number of Chinese migrants are crossing the US border from Mexico without visas, using illegal land routes through Latin America. All those interviewed by Reuters said that the idea to use the ground route came to them through social networks.
2021: Net outflow over 4 years
2020: Fourth in the world in the number of emigrants
2019: 16k millionaires leave China
Male-to-female ratio
Settlement area
Map of China with population density with rainfall line applied. To the southeast of the line, towards the coast, the territory receives enough precipitation.
But northwest of the line, the territories of China do not receive enough precipitation and are less populated, and, accordingly, less developed.
Less than half of the titular nationality - Han - is observed only in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Tibet.
Urbanization
Urbanization in China, as one of the most important components of high economic growth over the past 30 years.
2022:64% of the population live in cities
Urbanization began in 1981 and continues continuously. By the end of 2022, only 36% of China's population lives outside urban agglomerations.
From 1995 to 2022, over 320 million Chinese from villages moved to cities, although many cities were created from scratch on the site of former villages with consistent but rapid expansion.
1980:82% of the population live in villages
In the period from the early 1960s to 1980, the share of rural residents in China was above 82% of the total population and slightly changed.
Language
Dating
2021:15% of adults out of wedlock used dating sites
Birth rate
2023
Continued fertility decline
The birth rate hit a new low in 2023, accelerating the demographic shift.
How China is trying to raise the birth rate. 5 ways
At the end of 2022, the birth rate in China fell to a record low - 9.56 million babies were born, which is almost 10% less compared to 2021. Against this background, local authorities are forced to introduce various support measures that stimulate the birth rate, as reported in early October 2023. In addition to eliminating the one-child policy in 2016, five more programs have been initiated aimed at improving demographics.
Cash payments
In February 2023, the Hangzhou government began providing parents with subsidies for the birth of their third child in the amount of 20 thousand yuan (approximately $2.74 thousand at the exchange rate as of October 10, 2023). And the authorities of Wenzhou, a city in southeastern China, offer expectant parents up to 3 thousand yuan ($410) per child. Some Chinese cities and provinces have increased their paid marriage leave days from three to 30. Financial support for families with young children is also provided by large corporations of the PRC.
Supporting newlyweds
At the end of August 2023, the Changshan County administration in eastern China began paying the newlyweds a cash allowance (1000 yuan, or $137) if the bride is less than 25 years old at the time of the wedding. Plus, subsidies for childcare are provided, as well as the provision of funds to pay for parents' education.
Ditching the practice of wedding gifts
To make the wedding less costly for grooms, China is trying to get rid of the tradition of paying money for a future wife. In particular, it is proposed to consider measures to limit expensive gifts for engagement. It is assumed that this will increase the number of marriages, and therefore raise the birth rate.
Helping to treat infertility
In June 2023, Beijing announced that the authorities would cover the costs of local residents for the treatment of infertility by more than 12 methods, including in vitro fertilization, embryo transplantation, and sperm freezing and storage. Similar support measures are being introduced by other Chinese cities.
Fighting private tutoring
This measure is aimed at making education less costly for families who are often forced to spend large amounts of money to help their children succeed in school.[1]
2022: Fertility drop to 9.56 million
36 years of China's experiment to regulate the number of children per family make themselves felt. The birth rate in China in 2022 became the lowest among all major countries of the world - 6.77 born per 1000 people of the population or 9.56 million people, and the mortality rate was 10.41 million people (7.37 per 1000 population), as a result, the natural decline exceeded 850 thousand people.
The factor of demography, other standards and priorities in society, significantly distorted by the policy of "one family-one child" for two generations, created a "vacuum" of the reproductive population, i.e. just up to 46 years old.
2021: Reduction of birth rate to 1950 level - 10.62 million newborns. Allowed to have three children
In 2021, the demographic crisis China in continued to worsen, with the latest birth rate data declining again despite government efforts to encourage families to have more children.
China had 10.62 million children in 2021, down from 12 million in 2020. This is the lowest number of births since at least 1950.
The birth rate, or number of newborns per 1,000, fell to 7.52 in 2021, the lowest since 1978.
In May 2021, the Chinese authorities abandoned the "one family, two children" birth restriction policy. Now in the PRC, families are officially allowed to have three children.
The reason for this initiative is the rapid aging of the population of the PRC, which negatively affects, among other things, the country's economy.
2020: Fertility reduction to 1961 level - 12 million
The number of births in China in 2020 fell to the lowest level since 1961.
"Birth rates and new births are expected to continue to decline in 2021 based on our birth and population monitoring in the first half of 2021," said Yu Xuejun, deputy head of the National Health Commission.
2016: Allowed to have 2 children
It wasn't until 2015 that birth regulation rules were relaxed, and since 2016 Chinese families have been allowed to have two children.
1979: Starting Politics "One Family - One Child
The demographic policy "one family - one child" started in 1979 and was designed to limit the birth rate due to the fear of resource shortages (primarily in food after the then fresh memories of the mass famine in China in the early 1960s).
In the late 1970s, China was a rather backward agrarian country without developed industry. The Chinese leadership feared that the uncontrolled birth rate would create a whole range of problems, including political ones. There is not enough housing, there is no appropriate energy, communal and transport infrastructure, there is no access to education and medicine necessary for such a number of the population.
The motives are reasonable and understandable, but the implementation is Chinese-style, the Spydell Finance channel noted. The rules were Chinese draconian (up to sterilization), significantly limiting the rights and reproductive capabilities of the Chinese population, and the effect of inertia is too significant.
Age structure
2022: Rapidly aging population
A new generation aged 0-14 years, which in the next 15-25 years will determine the birth rate in China is rapidly declining.
The leadership China in the mid-1970s thought about birth control, when over 40% of the population was under 15 years old, after 45 years this led to the fact that the share of the population 0-14 decreased to 17.7% in 2021 and according to preliminary data to 17.4% in 2022.
On the contrary, the number of pensioners (aged 65 +) is growing exponentially. In the early 90s, there were 5% of the population, at the beginning of the 2000s already 7%, in 2010 they got close to the 8.6%, and in 2021 they became 13.1%. In 7 years, by 2030, pensioners will become almost 19% of the population structure, which will significantly increase the social burden on the budget and economy.
The main problem is the able-bodied category in the range of 15-64, where over 96-97% of all jobs in China are concentrated.
What is the secret to the economic miracle in China? Industrialization, urbanization, the growth of the working-age population, globalization until 2009, and since 2010 - an unprecedented debt impulse, a bet on technology and domestic demand.
To understand the scale - from 1975 to 2009, the number of population aged 15-64 increased from 55.7% to 72.9% or from 502 million people to 976 million. Since 2010, the share of the working-age population first stagnated until 2012, and then began to decline intensively, reaching 69% by 2022 and about 68.2% in 2023 - at least since 1999. At the end of 2022, the working-age population in China is about 982 million.
Average growth
Marriages and divorces
2023: China starts paying newlyweds if bride is under 25
At the end of August 2023, it became known that the Chinese authorities began to pay the newlyweds a cash allowance if the bride was less than 25 years old at the time of the wedding. This measure is designed to encourage young people to marry amid growing concern about a decrease in the birth rate in the country.
The administration of Changshan County in eastern China announced the introduction of benefits for newlyweds. We are talking about the amount of 1000 yuan, which is equivalent to about $137 at the exchange rate as of August 29, 2023. In addition, subsidies are provided for childcare, as well as the provision of funds to pay for parents' education.
The minimum legal age of marriage in China is 22 for men and 20 for women, but the number of couples willing to formalize a relationship is declining. This results in a lower birth rate because of policies that make it harder for single women to have children. According to statistics published in June 2023, in 2022 the number of marriages reached a record low of 6.8 million, which is the lowest figure since 1986. This is 800 thousand less compared to 2021.
As a result, the birth rate in China, which is already one of the lowest in the world, continues to decline. High childcare costs and the threat of career disruption prevent many women from becoming moms. In addition, traditional stereotypes and gender discrimination are widespread throughout the country. Low consumer confidence and growing concern about the state of China's economy are also key factors cited by young Chinese explaining a reluctance to start families and have children. In this situation, the PRC authorities are forced to introduce various stimulating measures, including financial support for newlyweds.[2]
Living conditions
China's richest people
Main article: China's richest people
Social rating in China
Main article: Social rating in China
Hunger
Smoking
2018: China - in 1st place in the world in the number of smokers
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Life expectancy
2022: 78.2 years
Mortality
2023: Deaths rise to 11.1 million
Deaths have increased, probably due to an excess of deaths caused by a sharp exit after Covid-19. China has 11.1 million deaths, up from 10.41 million in 2022.
2019
The number of suicides per 100 thousand people
in
Number of deaths due to poor ecology
2018: Number of deaths in road accidents
2016: Number of deaths from opioid use disorders
See also
- The population of the Earth
- Population of Russia
- Population of Ukraine
- Population of Italy
- Population of Spain
- Population of Africa
- Population of Turkey
- United States population
- Population of Germany
Notes
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