ITS infrastructure. Platform and service approach

Indeed, historically, when creating transport systems, emphasis was placed on digital services, which led to the active accumulation of a variety of individual IT solutions. They need to be moved from chaotic, piecemeal implementations to effective, orderly development, minimizing investment and resources. In addition, during the digitalization of the transport sector, large amounts of data are formed that need to be effectively managed.

Source: Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, 2020

In particular, for this purpose, the federal platform Avtodata is currently being developed under the auspices of NP GLONASS, the federal network operator in the field of navigation. The fact is that the data that the car generates and the information about the vehicle are dispersed and stored in a large number of different information systems. We are talking about very large volumes of data - modern sensors allow you to remove about 6 thousand types of parameters from the vehicle, which gives more than 4 TB of data per day: navigation information, speed, operating parameters of on-board systems, etc.

According to experts, the volume of input data for the sixth year of operation of the platform will exceed 15 PB, their storage taking into account redundancy will require more than 170 PB of storage capacity.

All this diverse information goes to the service and telematic platforms of automakers and telematic service providers. According to experts, more than 70% of commercial vehicles are already connected to various telematic platforms. And information about the vehicle, including the characteristics of the car, the history of the owners, information about violations and fines, the number of accidents, etc., is stored in state information systems.

The federal platform Avtodata is designed to consolidate data from the motor transport and road transport sectors: collect "raw" data from service and telematic platforms (more than 50 sources), normalize, process and group data, supplement grouped data with information from state information systems. Then the processed information will be provided as a service to commercial consumers and state authorities, either on request or in the automatic mode of inter-machine interactions.

The Avtodata platform is created on the principles of an open decentralized platform and is included in the class of the most large-scale innovative federal projects. Based on it, you can create a number of applied and sought-after services for the state, business and ordinary drivers.

It should also be noted that Ministry of Transport RUSSIAN FEDERATION it is working on the further development of IT in the field of transport security. In particular, a system has been created in Unified State Transport Security Information System (EGIS OTB) which real-time data on passengers from reservations systems and ticket sales, passenger registration, data on transport infrastructure and vehicles, as well as data on cargo are collected. Their data is transmitted to the system of 8500 carriers out of 137. In countries 2019, the volume of EGIS OTB exceeded the bar of 5 billion records on passengers and carriers contains.

By the way, it was these billions of passenger transportation transactions that became the basis for calculating infected citizens and their potential circle of communication during the covid pandemic, explained Yevgeny Shaburov, chief designer of EGIS OTB, director of the information technology directorate of FSUE "ProtectionInfoTrans," the operator of EGIS OTB subordinate to the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.

Platforms and systems in transport contain and generate a huge amount of data, they need data from other platforms and interaction with each other. For example, platforms of freight transportation, platforms of services for passengers, clever infrastructure connected (and in the future and pilotless) vehicles use the data on transport infrastructure given positioning, interactive maps, information on route network, stopping points, vehicles, - Victor Parakhin, the deputy director general said "ProtectionInfoTrans" in an interview of CNews in the summer of 2020.

The creation of such an information structure is a complex large-scale project that includes both economic and technological aspects.

Technical and economic prerequisites for creating a harmonious system of platform solutions

Similar to financial support, a proper regulatory framework should be implemented that will allow creating disparate ITS on the road network of municipalities and regions, and on federal highways - not only compatible technologically, but also information complementary to each other, "says Nikolai Klepikov.

This regulatory framework should take into account foreign standards and practices, allowing cross-border corridors managed by ITS. But the implementation of the peripheral part of ITS in the infrastructure plan depends on the presence of proper coverage of communication networks and the presence of power supply points. According to Nikolai Klepikov, today the provision of ITS infrastructure in municipalities and on federal highways is sufficient for intensive implementation of ITS, although, of course, it is not comprehensive.

Import substitution issues in hardware and software transport solutions in the light of recent events have become even more relevant than before. According to domestic experts, this issue is being resolved at a good level.

If in 2014 the vast majority of truly effective software tools were of foreign production, now most of ITS software is either already in the register of domestic software, or is at the stage of entering the register, "says Nikolai Klepikov. - Similar to hardware. Although, without a doubt, import substitution requirements, coupled with microelectronic famine, create some tension in the implementation of ITS projects in terms of ensuring the proper delivery of equipment.

IT is the most important component of ITS projects, which is implemented with relevant partners in this area. We are confident in the need to introduce Russian IT developments, the architecture of which is based on Russian experience and does not need significant improvements, unlike foreign systems. The IT system we are introducing is included register of domestic software solutions in - it is optimal for Russian realities and, moreover, verified by them, "comments Ivan Mordanov, deputy director for the to construction operation and development of ITS" - "(holding" SchwabeMoscow Schwabe "State Corporation Rostec).

A complicating factor is the need to ensure the readiness of data centers to host ITS server groups, since federal subsidies do not provide for the cost of arranging such premises, "adds Nikolai Klepikov.

The solutions of Russian companies compete on an equal footing with the software products of the best foreign developers. From the point of view of the implementation of services, all kinds of subsystems, unmanned vehicles, our country is among the leaders. However, there is a significant backlog in the processing of data collected and in the development of concepts for the use of these data.

In other words, the information received from vehicles, road cameras and sensors should turn into analytics, from which recommendations will appear to improve the situation on the roads, the expert emphasizes.

Hardware and software foundation of ITS

The transport system is similar to an ever-growing organism, Sharks Datacenter experts are sure, since it is constantly growing and developing, fouling with new segments and expanding existing ones. For these conditions, the most suitable architecture is hyperconvergent. Thus, the hyperconvergent PAK SharxBase Sharks Datacenter, which is designed to create a high-performance data center computing infrastructure with a distributed data warehouse, is positioned, in particular, as the foundation of ITS.

One of the most famous projects for implementing SharxBase to support ITS is the Central Ring Road (CKAD): it supports an IT system covering the entire length of this federal highway, providing work and solutions for paying for the passage of vehicles and the tasks of operating the road infrastructure of the CKAD.

Hardware and Software Virtualization Platform Structure SharxBase

Source: the blog of the company "Jet Infosystems" on habr.com

The PAC SharxBase includes a server node, server OS based on a Linux cluster ON of its own development, a distributed data store based on standard and SSD high-speed NVMe drives, a data network, a software module, information protection as well as a number of components: a open source management subsystem, virtualization a KVM hypervisor, a virtual, network switch a monitoring and warning subsystem.

High platform performance, experts say, is achieved both through fast drives and through a distributed structure and parallelization of I/O processes. The main architectural feature of SharxBase is the absence of a single point of failure: the system does not have components that exist in a single instance and are bound only to a specific server. The PARK SharxBase, which provides disaster tolerance "from the box," is installed on various geographically spaced sites, both main and reserve.

Due integration to the register close to Russian-made server platforms, Ministry of Industry and Trade RUSSIAN FEDERATION there are no legislative restrictions on the use of SharxBase state in procurement and competitions.

In future ITS platforms, information will not be fragmented and closed within the region, as is happening now, "says Igor Kravchenko, deputy director for innovative markets at Rexoft. - It will rise from the region to the federal level. Moreover, at the local level, information will be detailed and applied, and already generalized data will be transmitted to the federal level. Here, information will be used to identify strategic objectives for development.

Two significant consequences arise from this thesis. Firstly, an important block of ITS will be integrated analytics systems from all classes of ITS platform systems. Second, IT system tiered data will be stored in distributed data centers.

Current storage systems are in principle ready for such distributed storage, "said Igor Kravchenko.

One of the main tasks of ITS is to provide comprehensive information for management decisions to the relevant city services. Accordingly, the IT system being implemented should collect and accumulate information from many different subsystems and lead to a single visual format in real time. In turn, ensuring the health of such a system requires the storage and processing of hundreds of terabytes of data in specialized data centers.

Our IT platform is already fully consistent with these principles of work, "the representative of Schwabe notes.

This is significant, since the implementation of large infrastructure projects does not always end successfully, while capital expenditures on infrastructure need to be invested at the very start of the project, "the specialist emphasizes. - In our case, it is enough to equip, for example, an intersection with one or more single-board computers to get an effect. This not only reduces the cost, but also the timing of the project.

In line with this idea, IT solutions can EdgeVision run on existing surveillance cameras, which eliminates the need to connect to the high-speed Internet.

Igor Kravchenko adds that the work of all ITS according to common standards is also important for platform synchronization. In Europe, they exist, the expert notes, and each year they are supplemented and developed, Russia follows precisely the European logic of standards with some national adaptation.

Advanced communications infrastructure for distributed transport systems

In addition to hardware and software solutions, the critical element of the distributed ITS infrastructure is communication channels, which should ensure high-performance cancellation by transport data.

In the summer of 2021, the first "quantum call" took place between Moscow and. St. Petersburg Main - quantum network Moscow St. Petersburg with a length of about 700 km - is the largest To Europe in and the second largest in the world. It was created on the basis of original domestic solutions as part of a partnership between the government St. Petersburg and the company "," RUSSIAN RAILWAY which, within the framework of the national program "," Digital economy is responsible for the development of the high-tech field "Quantum Communications."

A large number of partners were involved in the organization of the quantum network - from small innovative and scientific institutions to large corporations, "said Dmitry Chernyshenko, Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation.

Among them are the St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO), the Special Technology Center, SMARTS-Kwanttelecom, Amicon.

We will develop this technology so that secure quantum communications networks are throughout the country. Until 2024, 7 thousand km will be created, the continuation of the project is provided with financing, "said Dmitry Chernyshenko.

According to the roadmap, we must implement 120 projects, 75 products and services, "added Oleg Belozerov, head of Russian Railways.

The development of this area will close the internal needs of Russian Railways in production processes that require support. information protection In addition, Russian Railways will take part in projects to introduce domestic software communication systems into the activities of executive authorities state. St. Petersburg Also, users of quantum communications can be telecommunication service operators, authorities, financial organizations, institutions, health care object operators and. critical infrastructure data centers

Platform Solutions Options for Transport System Management

It is important to understand that ITS is slozhnosostavny a complex of various subsystems which cannot be built, having just gathered a heap of separate systems in the market, and having tried to unite them within one existing government contract. Such a system will not work effectively. We have long switched to a modular structure and have gone away from monolithic systems.

Following this philosophy, the company invested a lot of effort in the development of such an upper-level system that works with any intelligent equipment.

Schwabe-Moscow recommends that customers use modular systems that can interact with any systems using open API ones and thereby provide easy castomization capabilities for customer requirements. The necessary modules will be connected as the range of tasks being solved and the needs increase, including new analytical modules. In line with this approach, for example, Moscow the company adapted the services to the requirements of the Federal Road Agency, and then delivered and registered in. Mintsifra Russia

Moscow is the best testing ground for complex IT solutions in the field of transport due to the complexity and load of all types of transport infrastructure: from the metro to river shipping, and many projects are first tested here for further scaling, adds Georgy Lagoda, deputy general director of Software Product.

In the portfolio of Navigator Group of Companies there are two platforms for managing intelligent transport systems in the region: Navigator-C2020 and Navigator-ITS.

The Navigator-S software line is largely unique to the ITS market, says Alexander Semkin: the software products of this series have been operating for more than 20 years, during which time they have turned from desktop client-server solutions into a cloud web platform that solves the task of organizing processes for managing vehicle fleets in the interests of customers from different industries.

Navigator-ITS is a transport system management platform that is responsible for organizing traffic processes at the level of urban agglomerations or regions. The platform collects and analyzes data from all ITS subsystems deployed in the city or region, allows you to manage the transport system of the region, quickly respond to changes in the road situation, and make sound management decisions. This platform works, in particular, in Tula, Orel, Novokuznetsk, Kursk.

Mikhail Belov, deputy head of the department of intelligent transport systems of FAU ROSDORNII, notes in his article in the journal Intelligent Transport Systems of Russia that complex ITS always have a complex structure. They include local subsystems that solve local problems. For example, the integrated traffic management subsystem may include several instrumental subsystems: traffic light control, traffic monitoring, lane control, vehicle priority, etc. A popular integration option is the integration of an intelligent lighting control system with an ASUDD system.

Instrument systems as part of ITS can consolidate information coming from peripheral equipment (weather monitoring stations, traffic intensity sensors, etc.). There can be up to a dozen complex subsystems in ITS, the specialist notes, and there are significantly more instrumental subsystems. Moreover, one tool subsystem can be included in various complex ITS subsystems.

The solution to ensure the integration of data collected by various ITS subsystems, their storage and processing is the integration platform of the intelligent transport system, "emphasizes Mikhail Belov. - It is at this stage that the intelligent transport system of the urban agglomeration or a subject of the Russian Federation begins to be truly intelligent, providing all the wide functionality for which ITS is created: from aggregating and processing current and retrospective data, visualizing the current state of the transport system and adjusting the operation of ITS subsystems to determining the mode of operation of the transport system and managing the transport system.

In the future, one of the main tasks of regional and urban ITS will be the integration and interrelated work of existing subsystems within a single platform with the possibility of further development and integration.

One example of an integration platform is the DOME system of the company Sandraks"," which, according to its general director Alexander Plakhov, allows you to create a "smart road."

The DOME platform is positioned as an intelligent decision support system for managing transport infrastructure objects: it aggregates and analyzes data received from various systems and services, which allows you to predict the development of the situation and make recommendations for making informed decisions. Also, on the basis of the obtained data, you can create and run scenarios corresponding to the road situation, inform road users, optimize the operation of infrastructure facilities, etc. - in fact, it looks like a "smart road" in the representation of Sandrax specialists.

And to expand the capabilities of the platform and adapt it to the specific tasks of the customer, the possibility of connecting additional modules, including for inter-service and inter-server interaction, is implemented - this ensures the receipt of data from third-party systems.

In general, Georgy Lagoda expects that the market for IT infrastructure solutions for transport services will grow at a high pace in the coming years. The expert considers the key incentives for this growth to be active processes of digitalization of the transport sector, including the transition to a service model for the provision of services.

There are no restrictions in volumes, the solution quickly scales both within the region and in terms of connecting new regions, "says Andrei Cheremnykh, head of the Digital Transport and Logistics Association's working group on digitalization of passenger traffic.

The principle of the national level is based on openness of systems and integration interaction. The technology of the Datapax platform, if it is such a task, can provide federal coverage.

In addition to the Tver region, this decision was introduced in Taganrog (the first regional concession for electric transport), piloted in more than 10 regions of the country. Andrei Cheremnykh explains the interest of the regions by the fact that the regional mobility platform is a good choice for those territories that do not have the possibility of serious financial investments in their own development of transport solutions, but are ready to implement developed services.

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