Promising development of ITS: unmanned transport

Avoiding manual piloting car is a matter of time. One of the main cases that proves this is the experience of the company. Waymo Since 2019, their unmanned taxis have been working for residents American of the city of Chandler, "says Maxim Revyakin, head of the regional development department." Galileosky Waymo wants to promote technology to a new level, moreover, they have found a new sphere where you can apply autopilot it. " freight transport Such solutions are already being tested on the roads of Texas companies Embark and Starsky Robotics deliver products over short distances.

The global fleet of unmanned vehicles may amount to 30.4 million units by 2035.

Structure of the fleet of self-driving cars in the world by 2035,%

In mid-March 2022, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted a resolution "On the establishment of an experimental legal regime in the field of digital innovation and the approval of the Program of the experimental legal regime in the field of digital innovation for the operation of highly automated vehicles." This decision suggests that unmanned vehicles will become part of the city infrastructure by 2025. But subject to successful testing, said Deputy Prime Minister RFDmitry Chernyshenko.

I think that by 2030 unmanned vehicles will become the everyday city standard, "said Sobyanin.

In the Krasnodar Territory, work on the preparation of federal roads for the movement of drones on them began in 2016 as part of the Karavan project. Specially for these purposes, a section of the federal highway A-290 Novorossiysk-Kerch is equipped. There, in particular, a fully autonomous unmanned car shuttle with the fifth level of autonomy, created by specialists of FSUE NAMI, was tested.

Back in the fall of 2021, at the site of the ANO Digital Economy, work began on the examination of initiatives of experimental legal regimes (EPRs). Then the Yandex digital sandbox was approved for the unmanned taxi launch project.

Moscow will become the first capital in Europe and the second in the world after Beijing, where an unmanned taxi service will work, "said Anton Zamkov.

In the near future, the development company will be able to use unmanned vehicles in Moscow, Innopolis in the Republic of Tatarstan and the federal territory Sirius, "said Dmitry Chernyshenko.

The experiment involves unmanned vehicles "Yandex.Taxi." We mean the operation of unmanned vehicles in two modes: with a test driver in the cabin and without an engineer driver. It is expected that after the test mode a full-fledged service will begin to work.

Unmanned shuttle concept NAMI

SORB ENGINEERING has created a high-precision positioning system for unmanned and connected vehicles for the Karavan project, as well as an incident detection system. The positioning system promptly transmits information on the position of the vehicle (vehicle) from the road infrastructure directly to the unmanned or connected car, and the incident detection system transmits information on the road situation along its route.

High-precision positioning of unmanned and connected vehicles

Source: SORB ENGINEERING

In the city of Innopolis, where our company is located, Yandex drones run on the roads day and night. Local residents are already accustomed to them and even use them as taxis to move inside the city. When resolving legal and ethical issues nationwide, drones will appear on our roads. How soon? It is difficult to say, but this is no longer a matter of technology.

Source: Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, 2020

Since unmanned vehicles can pose a great danger to both passengers and people around them, promising technologies are used in this direction, and the software and hardware parts of such solutions must be at the highest level of reliability and cannot make errors in operation.

Standards developed by SAE International, a professional association of automotive engineers, are now used to classify highly automated vehicles (VATS). According to the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) approach, which is supported by the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car autonomy is determined by a six-level hierarchy: from 0 to 5).

Classification of VATS autonomy levels established by SAE

Source: sae.org, habr.com

The Russian government also approved the creation of unmanned logistics corridors within the framework of experimental legal regimes ("digital sandboxes"). This opens up a real opportunity to start testing trucks in unmanned mode, while working out new legal and technical regulations, organizational and technical solutions and logistics business models. It is planned that this year test runs of unmanned trucks on sections of the M-11 Neva highway will begin.

The use of autonomous trucks on the M-11 will increase by a quarter the commercial speed of cargo delivery. And with the further development of the road network for drones, this figure will increase by 150% for trips for more than one day due to night traffic.

In Ugra, at the testing ground for unmanned technologies, Gazprom Neft launched the first unmanned cargo system in the Russian oil and gas industry based on the Gazelle-NEXT electric car. The drone makes daily flights along the intra- industrial roads of the Yuzhno-Priobskoye field. At the same time, the unmanned KamAZ and the Aeromax helicopter are being tested.

Unmanned vehicles on the roads

Source: ECE Department of Transport and Infrastructure, 2020, CNews, 2021

This year, experiments on the launch of unmanned trucks on the M-11 Neva highway should begin. According to the calculations of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, the use of drones on the M-11 will allow by 2030 to increase by 25% the commercial speed (from 60 to 75 km/h) of cargo delivery within one day and more than 10% reduce the cost of transportation for logistics companies. According to Farid Madani, General Director of Business Lines Group of Companies, the use of drones on the M-11 highway can reduce the delivery time between St. Petersburg and Moscow by an hour due to the lack of stops for drivers to rest.

In addition, the M-12 Moskva- highway under construction KazanYekaterinburg will be adapted to the movement of unmanned vehicles.

Thus, all will participate in the experiment of Minpromtorg with pilotless cars calculated till 2025: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Republic of Tatarstan, Vladimir, Leningrad, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Novgorod, Samara, Murmansk and Novosibirsk regions, Chuvash Republic, Khanty-Mansi and Yamal-Nenets autonomous areas, Krasnodar Krai.

Tests of drones without an engineer in the cabin on public roads will be held in certain constituent entities of the Russian Federation, where appropriate permission will appear. First of all, unmanned vehicles will be tested in the territories of Innopolis and Skolkovo innograms, as well as in certain areas of Moscow and St. Petersburg.

UAVs for cargo delivery

In November last year, Russian Post and Aeromax conducted successful tests of the SH-350 helicopter type cargo drone: it successfully flew several times along the Salekhard-Aksarka-Salekhard route (settlements are 53 km from each other). The new model of a postal drone can deliver 100 kg of parcels at a distance of 150 km even in difficult weather conditions at a speed of up to 90 km/h.

By the end of 2024, it is planned to launch unmanned delivery to the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs on ten routes in the Kamchatka Territory, Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs. It is expected that this will increase the speed of logistics by up to two times, and in the future increase cargo flow by 10 or more times. The cost of delivering correspondence will be halved. According to the calculations of the project participants, by 2035, the cost savings for transportation by unmanned aircraft systems will be more than 40%.

The implementation of the project involves the use of EPRs, thanks to which the government will decide on the distribution of tested regulatory and technological solutions throughout Russia, said Igor Chalik, Deputy Minister of Transport of the Russian Federation.

In February, Sibur tested a Russian drone port at ZapSibNeftekhim, the Dronoport Hive robotic production unmanned station. The effectiveness of the station was checked on the most common drone service tasks of the country's largest oil and gas chemical complex: monitoring the operation of technological equipment, traffic safety on roads adjacent to the enterprise, as well as monitoring compliance with safety rules by contractors on the territory of the enterprise.

You can control the drone port from any point where there is a wired Internet or mobile. communication 4G Drones can be in flight for about 50 minutes at a distance of up to 17 km from the station, which includes a robotic complex for replacement and charging, accumulators as well as devices for maintaining operation in frost.

The main challenges of the VATS and drone industry

In the text of the transport strategy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030, which the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation presented in the summer of 2021, a separate section is devoted to the strategy for the development of unmanned trucks. Thus, it is assumed that by 2035 the share of road freight and passenger urban transportation in the largest 20 cities of the country, carried out by highly automated and unmanned transport, should reach 30%. The share of long-distance freight traffic on key highways carried out by highly automated and unmanned vehicles will be 50%, passenger - 30%.

According to the strategy of the Ministry of Transport, in 2024 unmanned and highly automated transport will be carried out 2% of intercity transportation along key highways, by 2030 - 20%. At the same time, the share of freight and passenger urban road transport in the largest 20 cities, carried out by highly automated and unmanned vehicles, by 2030 will be 5%, the same share will be for intercity transport.

Perhaps the biggest challenge for vehicles and V2X projects will be the fact that smart road infrastructure should be unified for all types of transport, regardless of the level of automation, and the car itself should be connected. This means that it will be impossible to separate the vehicle and transport infrastructure. "This will be one indivisible system," emphasizes Igor Evstigneev, head of the department for the introduction of digital technologies at ROSDORNII.

Indeed, autonomous cars will have to make decisions in emergency situations, the consequences of which cannot be predicted in advance, for example, in accident situations. But the car itself will never be able to cope with all difficult situations on its own, because even an experienced driver can react in different ways to force majeure circumstances - depending on the degree of fatigue, weather conditions, emotional state, characteristics of the car itself, etc. Unmanned vehicles will have to go a long way to accumulate experience, which will allow it to acquire a developed base of heuristic rules of behavior in various complex situations. And it is necessary to deal with the formation of these basic scenarios of behavior in unexpected situations today so that smart drones that have reached digital roads become, indeed, safe for all road users.

In general, it is planned to allocate more than 800 billion rubles for the development of unmanned transport until 2030. We are talking about the creation of automated road, rail, air and water transport - both vehicles themselves (490 billion rubles, and infrastructure for them (348 billion rubles). Such guidelines are recorded in the federal project "Infrastructure of unmanned and connected vehicles," which the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation presented in the summer of 2021.

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